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Workload Partitions
AIX Workload partitions (WPARs) are a software implementation of operating system-level virtualization technology introduced in the IBM's AIX 6.1 operating system that provides application environment isolation and resource control. WPARs are software partitions that are created from, and share the resources of a single instance of the AIX OS. WPARs can be created on any IBM Power Systems or system p hardware that supports AIX 6.1 or higher versions. There are three kinds of WPARs: System WPARs; Application WPARs; and Versioned WPARs. System WPAR A system WPAR behaves as a complete installation of AIX. Application WPAR Application WPARs are lightweight environments used for isolating and executing a single application process. Versioned WPAR A WPAR which contains an instance of either AIX 5.2 or AIX 5.3. Versioned WPARs are only supported in AIX 7.1 and later LPARs. Mobility WPAR mobility is an extension to WPARs that provides the ability to move a running workload from o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operating System-level Virtualization
OS-level virtualization is an operating system (OS) paradigm in which the Kernel (computer science), kernel allows the existence of multiple isolated user space instances, called ''containers'' (LXC, Solaris Containers, Solaris containers, Docker (software), Docker, Podman), ''zones'' (Solaris Containers, Solaris containers), ''virtual private servers'' (OpenVZ), ''partitions'', ''virtual environments'' (VEs), ''virtual kernels'' (vkernel, DragonFly BSD), or ''jails'' (FreeBSD jail or chroot jail). Such instances may look like real computers from the point of view of programs running in them. A computer program running on an ordinary operating system can see all resources (connected devices, files and folders, Shared resource, network shares, CPU power, quantifiable hardware capabilities) of that computer. However, programs running inside of a container can only see the container's contents and devices assigned to the container. On Unix-like operating systems, this feature can be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IBM AIX
AIX (Advanced Interactive eXecutive, pronounced , "ay-eye-ex") is a series of proprietary Unix operating systems developed and sold by IBM for several of its computer platforms. Background Originally released for the IBM RT PC RISC workstation in 1986, AIX has supported a wide variety of hardware platforms, including the IBM RS/6000 series and later Power and PowerPC-based systems, IBM System i, System/370 mainframes, PS/2 personal computers, and the Apple Network Server. It is currently supported on IBM Power Systems alongside IBM i and Linux. AIX is based on UNIX System V with 4.3BSD-compatible extensions. It is certified to the UNIX 03 and UNIX V7 marks of the Single UNIX Specification, beginning with AIX versions 5.3 and 7.2 TL5 respectively. Older versions were previously certified to the UNIX 95 and UNIX 98 marks. AIX was the first operating system to have a journaling file system, and IBM has continuously enhanced the software with features such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IBM Power Systems
Power Systems is a family of server computers from IBM that are based on its Power processors. It was created in 2008 as a merger of the System p and System i product lines. History IBM had two distinct POWER- and PowerPC-based hardware lines since the early 1990s: * Servers running processors based on the IBM PowerPC-AS architecture in the AS/400 family (later known as iSeries, then System i) running OS/400 (later known as i5/OS, and now IBM i) * Servers and workstations using POWER and PowerPC processors in the RS/6000 family (later known as pSeries, then System p), running IBM AIX and Linux on Power. After the introduction of the POWER4 processor in 2001, there was little difference between both the "p" and the "i" hardware; the only differences were in the software and services offerings. With the introduction of the POWER5 processor in 2004, even the product numbering was synchronized. The ''System i5 570'' was virtually identical to the ''System p5 570''. In Ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
System P
The IBM System p is a high-end line of RISC ( Power)/UNIX-based servers. It was the successor of the RS/6000 line, and predecessor of the IBM Power Systems server series. History The previous RS/6000 line was originally a line of workstations and servers. The first System p server line was named the ''e''Server pSeries in 2000 as part of the e-Server branding initiative. In 2004, with the advent of the POWER5 processor, the server family was rebranded the ''e''Server p5. In 2005, following IBM's move to streamline its server and storage brands worldwide, and incorporating the "System" brand with the Systems Agenda, the family was again renamed to System p5. The System p5 now encompassed the IBM OpenPower product line. In 2007, after the introduction of the POWER6 processor models, the last rename under the System p brand dropped the p (numbered) designation. In April 2008, IBM announced a rebranding of the System p and its unification with the mid-range System i platform. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unix Directory Structure
In Unix and operating systems inspired by it, the file system is considered a central component of the operating system. It was also one of the first parts of the system to be designed and implemented by Ken Thompson in the first experimental version of Unix, dated 1969. As in other operating systems, the filesystem provides information storage and retrieval, and one of several forms of interprocess communication, in that the many small programs that traditionally form a Unix system can store information in files so that other programs can read them, although pipes complemented it in this role starting with the Third Edition. Also, the filesystem provides access to other resources through so-called '' device files'' that are entry points to terminals, printers, and mice. The rest of this article uses ''Unix'' as a generic name to refer to both the original Unix operating system and its many workalikes. Principles The filesystem appears as one rooted tree of directories ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operating System-level Virtualization
OS-level virtualization is an operating system (OS) paradigm in which the Kernel (computer science), kernel allows the existence of multiple isolated user space instances, called ''containers'' (LXC, Solaris Containers, Solaris containers, Docker (software), Docker, Podman), ''zones'' (Solaris Containers, Solaris containers), ''virtual private servers'' (OpenVZ), ''partitions'', ''virtual environments'' (VEs), ''virtual kernels'' (vkernel, DragonFly BSD), or ''jails'' (FreeBSD jail or chroot jail). Such instances may look like real computers from the point of view of programs running in them. A computer program running on an ordinary operating system can see all resources (connected devices, files and folders, Shared resource, network shares, CPU power, quantifiable hardware capabilities) of that computer. However, programs running inside of a container can only see the container's contents and devices assigned to the container. On Unix-like operating systems, this feature can be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LPAR
A logical partition (LPAR) is a subset of a computer's hardware resources, virtualized as a separate computer. In effect, a physical machine can be partitioned into multiple logical partitions, each hosting a separate instance of an operating system. PR/SM Although the terms ''PR/SM'' and ''LPAR'' are often used interchangeably in IBM Z, including in IBM documentation, ''PR/SM'' was not present in the IBM 370/168's Virtual Machine Facility/370; it came in with the IBM 3090, years later. Formally, LPAR designates the mode of operation or an individual logical partition, whereas PR/SM is the commercial designation of the feature. In mainframe computing PR/SM (Processor Resource/System Manager) is a type-1 Hypervisor (a virtual machine monitor) that allows multiple logical partitions to share physical resources such as CPUs, I/O channels and LAN interfaces; when sharing channels, the LPARs can share I/O devices such as direct access storage devices (DASD). PR/SM is integra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dynamic Logical Partitioning
Dynamic Logical Partitioning (DLPAR), is the capability of a logical partition (LPAR) to be reconfigured dynamically, without having to shut down the operating system that runs in the LPAR. DLPAR enables memory, CPU capacity, and I/O interfaces to be moved nondisruptively between LPARs within the same server. DLPAR has been supported by the operating systems AIX and IBM i on almost all POWER4 and follow-on POWER systems since then. The Linux kernel for POWER also supported DLPAR, but its dynamic reconfiguration capabilities were limited to CPU capacity and PCI devices, but not memory. In October 2009, seven years after the AIX announcement of DLPAR of memory, CPU and IO slots, Linux finally added the capability to DLPAR memory on POWER systems. The fundamentals of DLPAR are described in the IBM Systems Journal paper titled: "Dynamic reconfiguration: Basic building blocks for autonomic computing on IBM pSeries Servers. Later on, the POWER5 processor added enhanced DLPAR capabil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FreeBSD Jail
The jail mechanism is an implementation of FreeBSD's OS-level virtualisation that allows system administrators to partition a FreeBSD-derived computer system into several independent mini-systems called ''jails'', all sharing the same kernel, with very little overhead. It is implemented through a system call, jail(2), as well as a userland utility, jail(8), plus, depending on the system, a number of other utilities. The functionality was committed into FreeBSD in 1999 by Poul-Henning Kamp after some period of production use by a hosting provider, and was first released with FreeBSD 4.0, thus being supported on a number of FreeBSD descendants, including DragonFly BSD, to this day. History The need for the FreeBSD jails came from a small shared-environment hosting provider's (R&D Associates, Inc.'s owner, Derrick T. Woolworth) desire to establish a clean, clear-cut separation between their own services and those of their customers, mainly for security and ease of administrationjail( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solaris Containers
Solaris Containers (including Solaris Zones) is an implementation of operating system-level virtualization technology for x86 and SPARC systems, first released publicly in February 2004 in build 51 beta of Solaris 10, and subsequently in the first full release of Solaris 10, 2005. It is present in illumos (formerly OpenSolaris) distributions, such as OpenIndiana, SmartOS, Tribblix and OmniOS, as well as in the official Oracle Solaris 11 release. A Solaris Container is the combination of system resource controls and the boundary separation provided by ''zones''. Zones act as completely isolated virtual servers within a single operating system instance. By consolidating multiple sets of application services onto one system and by placing each into isolated virtual server containers, system administrators can reduce cost and provide most of the same protections of separate machines on a single machine. Terminology The name of this technology changed during development and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OpenVZ
OpenVZ (Open Virtuozzo) is an operating-system-level virtualization technology for Linux. It allows a physical server to run multiple isolated operating system instances, called containers, virtual private servers (VPSs), or virtual environments (VEs). OpenVZ is similar to Solaris Containers and LXC. OpenVZ compared to other virtualization technologies While virtualization technologies such as VMware, Xen and Kernel-based Virtual Machine, KVM provide full virtualization and can run multiple operating systems and different kernel versions, OpenVZ uses a single Linux kernel and therefore can run only Linux. All OpenVZ containers share the same architecture and kernel version. This can be a disadvantage in situations where guests require different kernel versions than that of the host. However, as it does not have the overhead of a true hypervisor, it is very fast and efficient. Memory allocation with OpenVZ is soft in that memory not used in one virtual environment can be used by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linux-VServer
Linux-VServer is a virtual private server implementation that was created by adding operating system-level virtualization capabilities to the Linux kernel. It is developed and distributed as open-source software. Details The project was started by Jacques Gélinas. It is now maintained by Herbert Pötzl. It is not related to the Linux Virtual Server project, which implements network load balancing. Linux-VServer is a jail mechanism in that it can be used to securely partition resources on a computer system (such as the file system, CPU time, network addresses and memory) in such a way that processes cannot mount a denial-of-service attack on anything outside their partition. Each partition is called a ''security context'', and the virtualized system within it is the ''virtual private server''. A chroot-like utility for descending into security contexts is provided. Booting a virtual private server is then simply a matter of kickstarting init in a new security context; li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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