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Witton Park Colliery
Witton Park Colliery was a coal mine located in Witton Park, near Witton-le-Wear and Bishop Auckland in County Durham, Northern England. Development Part of the Durham Coalfield, coal deposits in the Witton Park area were known to be close to the surface, enabling coal to be extracted through shallow mining methods. Starting in 1756, exploratory boreholes were drilled on the Witton Castle estate, owned by the Stobart family, to locate commercially viable coal seams. However, early exploration efforts did not reveal any significant coal deposits. In 1816, William Chaytor of Croft Hall, Yorkshire, purchased the Witton Castle estate for £78,000. He expanded the number of trial boreholes, but it wasn't until the development of the Jane Pit in 1819 that commercial coal extraction began. This success led to the redevelopment of the Mary Ann drift mine into a deep colliery and the subsequent development of the George Pit, Corving Pit, and finally the William Pit. The commercial suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Witton-le-Wear
Witton-le-Wear is a village in County Durham, North East England. It is situated on the north bank of the River Wear, to the north-west of Bishop Auckland. Geography and administration Witton-le-Wear is part of the North West Durham Parliamentary constituency, and is represented by Richard Holden (Conservative). The village is within Weardale Ward, which elects two councillors to Durham County Council. The current councillors are Anita Savory (Independent) and John Shuttleworth (Independent). Witton-le-Wear also has an eight-member Parish Council. The local police force is Durham Constabulary. Witton-le-Wear is in the Wear and Tees division. History Etymology The place name ''Witton'' or ''Whitton'' is fairly common in the north of England. While the name can mean "white farm", in the case of Witton-le-Wear ''Witton'' refers to a farm (Anglo-Saxon: ''ton'') in or near woodland (Anglo-Saxon: ''widu''). Witton-le-Wear's name is attested as ''Wudeton'' from 1104, but had bec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolckow Vaughan
Bolckow, Vaughan & Co., Ltd was an English steelmaking, ironmaking and mining company founded in 1864, based on the partnership since 1840 of its two founders, Henry Bolckow and John Vaughan (ironmaster), John Vaughan. The firm drove the dramatic growth of Middlesbrough and the production of coal and iron in the north-east of England in the 19th century. The two founding partners had an exceptionally close working relationship which lasted until Vaughan's death. By 1907, Bolckow and Vaughan was possibly the largest producer of pig iron in the world. The firm failed to modernise at the start of the 20th century, and was closed in 1929. History Origins, 1840–51 In 1840, Henry Bolckow (1806–1878) and John Vaughan (Ironmaster), John Vaughan (1799–1868) set up in business in Middlesbrough to make iron. They lived side by side in two town houses, the Cleveland Buildings, about away from their ironworks which were on Vulcan Street, and they married a pair of sisters, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brusselton Incline
Brusselton Incline was a section of the original Stockton and Darlington Railway between Witton Park and Stockton-on-Tees, Stockton in County Durham, England. The need to transport coal from the collieries around West Auckland, County Durham, West Auckland to the docks on the River Tees at Stockton necessitated going over two hills, the Etherley Incline Railway, Etherley and Brusselton ridges, on inclines (or inclined planes). Whilst largely meant for goods traffic, passengers were also transported up and down the incline between 1825 and 1858, when a diversionary route at Shildon near the bottom of the eastern part of Brusselton Incline, rendered the incline redundant. The incline was worked by a stationary steam engine located at the summit, and this pulled wagons up the incline and slowly released them down with the aid of ropes. The incline operated as a single line with the ability for trains to pass at the summit, and did not operate as a self-acting incline, whereby descen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
River Gaunless
The Gaunless is a tributary river of the Wear in County Durham, England. Its name is Old Norse, meaning "useless".A Potted History of West Auckland - Martin Connolly The Gaunless Viaduct, built in 1825, was the tallest viaduct on the South Durham & Lancashire Union Railway. Formed just south of the village of Copley, by the confluence of Arn Gill (to the south, coming west from south of Langleydale Common) and Hindon Beck (to the north and coming east from Langleydale Common), the Gaunless wends its way east, passing the settlements of Butterknowle, Cockfield and Evenwood and through West Auckland before skirting the south and east of Bishop Auckland on its way to meet the River Wear. An extension of thCopley Met.Officeweather station has been placed at the head of the river aCopley Lead Millto study its unique climate of frost and snow. It lies in a frost hollow and receives no sunshine between October and March because of its geography. Settlements * Copley * Butterkn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beam Engine
A beam engine is a type of steam engine where a pivoted overhead Beam (structure), beam is used to apply the force from a vertical piston to a vertical connecting rod. This configuration, with the engine directly driving a pump, was first used by Thomas Newcomen around 1705 to remove water from mines in Cornwall. The efficiency of the engines was improved by engineers including James Watt, who added a separate Condenser (heat transfer), condenser; Jonathan Hornblower and Arthur Woolf, who Compound steam engine, compounded the cylinders; and William McNaught (Glasgow), William McNaught, who devised a method of compounding an existing engine. Beam engines were first used to pump water out of mines or into canals but could be used to pump water to supplement the flow for a waterwheel powering a watermill, mill. The rotative beam engine is a later design of beam engine where the connecting rod drives a flywheel by means of a Crank (mechanism), crank (or, historically, by means of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etherley Incline Railway
Etherley, formerly West Auckland is a civil parish in County Durham, England. It includes Bildershaw, High Etherley, Low Etherley, Phoenix Row Phoenix Row incorporating Belts Gill and Softley Dene Farm (formerly Glebe Farm) is a hamlet of about 30 houses in County Durham, in England. It is situated half a mile north of Low Etherley and 2.5 miles west of Bishop Auckland. Etherley Inc ... and Toft Hill. It had a population of 2,060 at the 2011 Census. On 17 July 1939 the parish was renamed "Etherley". References Civil parishes in County Durham {{Durham-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Stephenson
George Stephenson (9 June 1781 – 12 August 1848) was an English civil engineer and Mechanical engineering, mechanical engineer during the Industrial Revolution. Renowned as the "Father of Railways", Stephenson was considered by the Victorian era, Victorians as a great example of diligent application and thirst for improvement. His chosen Track gauge#The Stockton and Darlington Railway, rail gauge, sometimes called "Stephenson gauge", was the basis for the standard gauge used by most of the world's railways. Pioneered by Stephenson, rail transport was one of the most important technological inventions of the 19th century and a key component of the Industrial Revolution. Built by George and his son Robert Stephenson, Robert's company Robert Stephenson and Company, the Locomotion No. 1, ''Locomotion'' No. 1 was the first steam locomotive to carry passengers on a public rail line, the Stockton and Darlington Railway in 1825. George also built the first public inter-city railway ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etherley Railway Tip, Witton Park - Geograph
Etherley, formerly West Auckland is a civil parish in County Durham, England. It includes Bildershaw, High Etherley, Low Etherley, Phoenix Row Phoenix Row incorporating Belts Gill and Softley Dene Farm (formerly Glebe Farm) is a hamlet of about 30 houses in County Durham, in England. It is situated half a mile north of Low Etherley and 2.5 miles west of Bishop Auckland. Etherley Inc ... and Toft Hill. It had a population of 2,060 at the 2011 Census. On 17 July 1939 the parish was renamed "Etherley". References Civil parishes in County Durham {{Durham-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cleveland, England
Cleveland is a land of hills and dales from the River Tees to Vale of Pickering, England. The name means "cliff-land". The area corresponds to the former Langbaurgh Wapentake. The North York Moors national park, established in 1952, covers part of it. A non-metropolitan county under the same name existed from 1974 to 1996 and there is ambiguity today between that county and the historic extent of the name. It is the ancestral home of Grover Cleveland, who was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States. Heritage Cleveland has a centuries-long association with the area from Middlesbrough to Pickering and Thirsk to Whitby, effectively the eastern half of Yorkshire's North Riding. Ralph, Archdeacon of Cleveland, was the area's first archdeacon recorded, before 1174. A Dukedom of Cleveland was first created in the 17th century. Metal The Cleveland Hills were key suppliers of the ironstone which was essential to running blast furnaces alongside the River Tees. Cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steel
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon that demonstrates improved mechanical properties compared to the pure form of iron. Due to steel's high Young's modulus, elastic modulus, Yield (engineering), yield strength, Fracture, fracture strength and low raw material cost, steel is one of the most commonly manufactured materials in the world. Steel is used in structures (as concrete Rebar, reinforcing rods), in Bridge, bridges, infrastructure, Tool, tools, Ship, ships, Train, trains, Car, cars, Bicycle, bicycles, Machine, machines, Home appliance, electrical appliances, furniture, and Weapon, weapons. Iron is always the main element in steel, but other elements are used to produce various grades of steel demonstrating altered material, mechanical, and microstructural properties. Stainless steels, for example, typically contain 18% chromium and exhibit improved corrosion and Redox, oxidation resistance versus its carbon steel counterpart. Under atmospheric pressures, steels generally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guy Fawkes Day
Guy Fawkes Night, also known as Guy Fawkes Day, Bonfire Night and Fireworks Night, is an annual commemoration observed on 5 November, primarily in Great Britain, involving bonfires and fireworks displays. Its history begins with the events of 5 November 1605 O.S., when Guy Fawkes, a member of the Gunpowder Plot, was arrested while guarding explosives the plotters had placed beneath the House of Lords. The Catholic plotters had intended to assassinate Protestant king James I and his parliament. Celebrating that the king had survived, people lit bonfires around London. Months later, the Observance of 5th November Act mandated an annual public day of thanksgiving for the plot's failure. Within a few decades Gunpowder Treason Day, as it was known, became the predominant English state commemoration. As it carried strong Protestant religious overtones it also became a focus for anti-Catholic sentiment. Puritans delivered sermons regarding the perceived dangers of p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Midlands (region)
The West Midlands is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of International Territorial Level for statistical purposes. It covers the western half of the area known traditionally as the Midlands. The region consists of the counties of Herefordshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, West Midlands and Worcestershire. The region has seven cities: Birmingham, Coventry, Hereford, Lichfield, Stoke-on-Trent, Wolverhampton and Worcester. The West Midlands region is geographically diverse, from the urban central areas of the West Midlands conurbation to the rural counties of Herefordshire, Shropshire which border Wales, and Worcestershire. The region is landlocked; however, the longest river in the UK, the River Severn, traverses the region south-eastwards, flowing through the county towns of Shrewsbury and Worcester, and the Ironbridge Gorge, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Staffordshire is home to the industrialised Potteries conurbation, incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
