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Winifred Raphael
Winifred Jessie Gertrude Spielman, (21 October 1898 – 14 December 1978) more specifically known as Winifred Raphael, was a British occupational psychologist. Early life She lived in London and was the fourth child in her Jewish family. Her sister was the feminist Eva Hubback. At age 16, Raphael began attending Bedford College, University of London, initially studying social work. The first of her diplomas from Bedford enabled her to become a qualified Sanitary Inspector in the London County Council. As her interests grew through university, she changed course, first to physiology and then to psychology. She graduated in 1920 with a BSc in Psychology. Career Her first job was at the forerunner to King's College London (KCL) as a part-time demonstrator in physiology. From an early age she always had an interest in the social and career problems experienced by children in the UK, in part instigated by her parents who were involved in industrial schools and an orphanage f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brackets
A bracket is either of two tall fore- or back-facing punctuation marks commonly used to isolate a segment of text or data from its surroundings. They come in four main pairs of shapes, as given in the box to the right, which also gives their names, that vary between British English, British and American English. "Brackets", without further qualification, are in British English the ... marks and in American English the ... marks. Other symbols are repurposed as brackets in specialist contexts, such as International Phonetic Alphabet#Brackets and transcription delimiters, those used by linguists. Brackets are typically deployed in symmetric pairs, and an individual bracket may be identified as a "left" or "right" bracket or, alternatively, an "opening bracket" or "closing bracket", respectively, depending on the Writing system#Directionality, directionality of the context. In casual writing and in technical fields such as computing or linguistic analysis of grammar, brackets ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Debenhams
Debenhams plc was a British department store chain that operated in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Denmark, as well as franchised locations across Europe and the Asia Pacific. The company was founded in 1778 as a single store in London and grew to 178 locations across those countries, also owning the Danish department store chain Magasin du Nord. In its final years, its headquarters were within the premises of its flagship store in Oxford Street, London. The range of goods sold included middle-to-high-end clothing, beauty, household items, and furniture. The company suffered financial difficulties in the 21st century and entered administration twice, in April 2019 and April 2020. In November 2020, Debenhams' main concession operator Arcadia also entered administration, leading to the collapse of potential rescue talks with JD Sports and Frasers Group. As a result, Debenhams announced it would be liquidated. The Debenhams brand and website were purchased by the online retai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1978 Deaths
Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd government). * January 6 – The Holy Crown of Hungary (also known as Stephen of Hungary Crown) is returned to Hungary from the United States, where it was held since World War II. * January 10 – Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal, a critic of the Nicaraguan government, is assassinated; riots erupt against Somoza's government. * January 13 – Former American Vice President Hubert Humphrey, a Democrat, dies of cancer in Waverly, Minnesota, at the age of 66. * January 18 – The European Court of Human Rights finds the British government guilty of mistreating prisoners in Northern Ireland, but not guilty of torture. * January 22 – Ethiopia declares the ambassador of West Germany '' persona non grata''. * January 24 ** Soviet satellite Kosmos 954 burns up in Ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1898 Births
Events January * January 1 – New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx and Staten Island. * January 13 – Novelist Émile Zola's open letter to the President of the French Republic on the Dreyfus affair, , is published on the front page of the Paris daily newspaper , accusing the government of wrongfully imprisoning Alfred Dreyfus and of antisemitism. February * February 12 – The automobile belonging to Henry Lindfield of Brighton rolls out of control down a hill in Purley, London, England, and hits a tree; thus he becomes the world's first fatality from an automobile accident on a public highway. * February 15 – Spanish–American War: The explodes and sinks in Havana Harbor, Cuba, for reasons never fully established, killing 266 men. The event precipitates the United States' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brian Harrison (historian)
Sir Brian Howard Harrison (born 9 July 1937) is a British historian and academic. From 1996 to 2004, he was Professor of Modern History at the University of Oxford. From 2000 to 2004, he was also the editor of the ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''. Early life and education Harrison was born on 9 July 1937. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood, an independent school in London. From 1956 to 1958, between school and university, he undertook his national service with the Malta Signal Squadron. On 6 October 1956, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Corps of Signals, British Army. On 19 June 1958, he transferred to the Territorial Army, thereby ending his active military service, and was promoted to lieutenant. He was transferred to the Regular Army Reserve of Officers on 1 September 1961, which fully ended his military service but signaled that he was a trained soldier who could be called up in an emergency. He studied modern hist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hilda Marjorie Simpson
Hilda Marjorie Simpson, OBE, FRCN (14 January 1914 – 24 January 1992) was a pioneer in nursing research and founder of the Royal College of Nursing Research Society. Simpson attended Cheltenham Ladies' College before training as a nurse at St Thomas' Hospital, registering in 1932. She worked in St Thomas' Hospital Ophthalmic Department before training as a midwife (1938) and industrial nurse (1938-1939). In 1939 on the outbreak of World War II, Simpson was called up to serve in France and then Northern Ireland as a Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps Reserve (QUAIRMSR). In 1941 she used her industrial nurse training and worked in armament factories. In 1942 she joined the Royal College of Nursing as a Tutor in Education, supporting the pressing need to maintain nurse training during the war and remaining for the next 18 years. During this time she developed the Industrial, later Occupational Health, Nurse qualifying course. In 1948 Simpson was part of a study tour in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal College Of Nursing
The Royal College of Nursing (RCN) is a registered trade union and professional body in the United Kingdom for those in the profession of nursing. It was founded in 1916 as the College of Nursing, receiving its royal charter in 1928. Queen Elizabeth II was the patron until her death in 2022, Charles III, King Charles III continued the royal connection and became patron in 2024. The majority of members are registered nurses; however student nurses and healthcare assistants are also members. There is also a category of membership, at a reduced cost, for retired people. The RCN describes its mission as representing nurses and nursing, promoting excellence in practice and shaping health policies. It has a network of stewards, safety representatives and union learning representatives as well as advice services for members. Services include a main library in London, and regional Library, libraries. The RCN Institute provides courses for nurses. History The College of Nursing Ltd was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King’s Fund
The King's Fund is an independent think tank, which is involved with work relating to the health system in England. It organises conferences and other events. Since 1997, they have jointly funded a yearly award system with Smith Kline Beecham, GlaxoSmithKline. They reward small to medium-sized health charities who are improving people's health. The Chief Executive is currently Sarah Woolnough, who was previously the Chief Executive of Asthma UK, Asthma + Lung UK. She took up the position in December 2023. Before 1948 the body contributed significantly to London's voluntary hospitals. History Founded as the Prince of Wales's Hospital Fund for London in 1897, the fund changed its name in 1902 to King Edward's Hospital Fund after the accession to the throne of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom, Edward VII. In 1907, Parliament of the United Kingdom, Parliament incorporated the fund as the King's Fund. George Stephen, 1st Baron Mount Stephen worked closely with the future Ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Lewis Partnership
John Lewis Partnership plc (JLP) is a British company that operates John Lewis & Partners department stores, Waitrose supermarkets, financial services and a build to rent operation. The public limited company is owned by a trust on behalf of all its employees, known as Partners, who share the responsibilities and rewards of ownership. JLP has around 74,000 employees as of 2024. History 1860s origins John Lewis opened a drapery shop at 132 Oxford Street, London, in 1864. Born in Shepton Mallet in Somerset in 1836, he had been apprenticed at 14 to a linen draper in Wells. He came to London in 1856 and worked as a salesman for Peter Robinson, an Oxford Street draper, rising to be his silk buyer. In 1864, he declined Robinson's offer of a partnership, and rented his own premises on the north side of Oxford Street, on part of the site now occupied by the department store which bears his name. There he sold silk and woollen cloth and haberdashery. His retailing philosophy was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harrods
Harrods is a Listed building, Grade II listed luxury department store on Brompton Road in Knightsbridge, London, England. It was designed by C. W. Stephens for Charles Digby Harrod, and opened in 1905; it replaced the first store on the grounds founded by his father Charles Henry Harrod in 1849, which burned down in 1881. The store spans of selling space, making it the largest department store in Europe and one of the largest in the world. Harrods is one of the most famous department stores worldwide, attracting 15 million visitors annually . The original holding company, Harrod's Stores Limited, was formed and began trading on the London Stock Exchange in 1889. It was acquired by and merged into the House of Fraser in 1959, which itself was acquired by the Mohamed Al-Fayed, Fayed brothers and became a privately held company in 1985. When the House of Fraser was relisted on the stock exchange, the Harrods business was split off to remain privately held in 1994. The present-day ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frances Gaw
Frances is an English given name or last name of Latin origin. In Latin the meaning of the name Frances is 'from France' or 'the French.' The male version of the name in English is Francis. The original Franciscus, meaning "Frenchman", comes from the Franks who were named for the francisca, the axe they used in battle. Notable people and characters with the name include: People known as Frances * Frances, Countess of Périgord (died 1481) * Frances of Rome (1384–1440), Italian saint, mystic, organizer of charitable services and Benedictine oblate who founded a religious community of oblates * Frances (musician) (born 1993), British singer and songwriter People with the given name * Frances Abington (1737–1815), English actress * Frances Dorothy Acomb (1907–1984), American historian * Frances Alda (1879–1952), New Zealand-born, Australian-raised operatic lyric soprano * Frances Allitsen (1848–1912), English composer * Frances Allen (1932–2020), American computer scie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eva Hubback
Eva Marian Hubback (13 April 1886 – 15 July 1949) was an English feminist and an early advocate of birth control and eugenics. Early life Eva Marian Spielmann was born on 13 April 1886, daughter of Sir Meyer Spielmann (1856–1936). Sir Meyer was one of the three surviving sons of the eight children of banker Adam Spielmann (1812–1869), who had emigrated from Schokken (now Skoki), near Posen (now Poznań) with his own two brothers. Eva was therefore the niece of the civil engineer turned art-connoisseur Sir Isidore Spielmann (1854–1925) as well as the renowned art-critic Marion Spielmann (1856–1936) and his wife, the children's author Mabel Spielmann (1862–1938). Through them she was related to the great dynasties of Montagu/Samuel and of Sebag-Montefiore. She was educated at Saint Felix School, Southwold, Suffolk and Newnham College, Cambridge, graduating in 1908 with first class honours in the Economics tripos. In February 1911 she married Francis William Hubback ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
