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Wincenty Kowalski
Wincenty Kowalski (1892–1984) was a Polish military commander and a general of the Polish Army. A veteran of both World War I and World War II, he fought in all the inter-war conflicts of Poland. During the Invasion of Poland of 1939 he commanded the Polish 1st Legions Infantry Division. Biography Wincenty Kowalski was born on 11 September 1892 in Warsaw to a family of humble workers. After graduating from a lyceum of Stanisław Konarski, he joined the high school of Hipolit Wawelberg, the only institution of higher education in Warsaw to allow Polish language (though not openly). Afterwards he moved to Liège in Belgium, where he graduated from the Machinery Building faculty of the Polytechnical Institute. During that time he joined the Związek Walki Czynnej, a secret Polish anti-tsarist organization preparing the cadres for a future anti-Russian uprising aimed at liberation of Poland. He was also a member and a tutor of the Związek Strzelecki (ZS). Drafted into the Russia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damian Stanisław Wandycz
Damian Stanisław Wandycz (January 2, 1892 (Dobrzyń) – May 12, 1974) was a Polish-American émigré social and political activist, engineer, chemist, as well as a petroleum and natural gas industrialist. He served as a member of the municipal council of the Polish city of Lwów before World War II as well as Executive Director of the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America in the years 1951–1956. Biography He studied at the polytechnics of Prague and Warsaw. During World War I fought with the I Brigade of the Polish Legions. In 1918 a member of the Polish diplomatic mission to Czechoslovakia. In 1923, Wandycz became the director of a Polish petroleum-exporting company. During World War II worked for the Polish government-in-exile. Sent to the United States with the mission of negotiating an American loan for Poland, remained in America. In 1965–1969, director of the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America. In 1951–1956 executive director of the Józef Piłsuds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Związek Strzelecki
The Polish Riflemen's Association, known as ''Związek Strzelecki'' (in the plural, ''Związki Strzeleckie''), was an organization formed in great numbers prior to World War I. One of the better known associations, ''Strzelec'' (Rifleman), was a Polish paramilitary cultural and educational organization created in 1910 in Lwów as a legal front of the '' Związek Walki Czynnej'' (''ZWC'', Union of Active Struggle). It was somewhat reinstated in Poland in 1991, after the fall of communism. An important part of the Association's mission was training young Poles in military skills. Before World War I, the Riflemen's Association provided military training to over 8,000 people, and its trainees subsequently formed an important part of the Polish Legions in World War I. Prominent members and leaders of the Riflemen’s Association included Józef Piłsudski, Henryk Dobrzański, Kazimierz Sosnkowski, Edward Rydz-Śmigły, Władysław Sikorski, Marian Kukiel, Walery Sławek, Julia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Lwów (1918)
The Battle of Lemberg (Lviv, Lwów) (in Polish historiography called ', the Defense of Lwów) took place from November 1918 to May 1919 in the region of Galicia following the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The battle, for control over the city of Lviv, was fought between forces of the local West Ukrainian People's Republic and urban Polish resistance, assisted later by the invading Polish military. The battle sparked the Polish-Ukrainian War, ultimately won by Poland as both nations fought the Ukrainian-Soviet War and Polish-Soviet Wars concurrently. Background The modern city of Lviv was called ''Lviv'' by the Ukrainians, ''Lwów'' by the Poles, and ''Lemberg'' by the Austrians and is the largest city in the historical region of eastern Galicia. According to the Austrian census of 1910, which listed religion and language, 52% of the city's population were Roman Catholics, 31% Jews, and 15% were Greek Catholics. Linguistically, 86% of the city's population us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lwów
Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main Ukrainian culture, cultural centres of Ukraine. Lviv also hosts the administration of Lviv urban hromada. It was named after Leo I of Galicia, the eldest son of Daniel of Galicia, Daniel, King of Ruthenia. Lviv (then Lwów) emerged as the centre of the historical regions of Red Ruthenia and Galicia (Eastern Europe), Galicia in the 14th century, superseding Halych, Chełm, Belz, and Przemyśl. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia from 1272 to 1349, when it went to King Casimir III the Great of Kingdom of Poland, Poland in a Galicia–Volhynia Wars, war of succession. In 1356, Casimir the Great granted it town rights. From 1434, it was the regional capital of the Ruthenian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Lieutenant
First lieutenant is a commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces; in some forces, it is an appointment. The rank of lieutenant has different meanings in different military formations, but in most forces it is sub-divided into a senior (first lieutenant) and junior ( second lieutenant) rank. In navies, while certain rank insignia may carry the name lieutenant, the term may also be used to relate to a particular post or duty, rather than a rank. Indonesia In Indonesia, "first lieutenant" is known as ''Letnan Satu'' (''Lettu''), Indonesian National Armed Forces uses this rank across all three of its services. It is just above the rank of second lieutenant and just below the rank of captain. Israel In the Israel Defense Forces, the rank above second lieutenant is simply lieutenant (Segen). The rank of (קצין מקצועי אקדמאי (קמ"א (''katsín miktsoí akademai'' or "kama"), a professional academic officer (that is, a medical, dental or veterinary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beniaminów
Beniaminów is a village in central Poland, administratively located in the Legionowo County in the Masovian Voivodeship. It is located east of Warsaw, between Legionowo and Nieporęt within the Warsaw metropolitan area. History Within the village are remnants of a 19th-century fort. During World War I, in 1917, after the Oath Crisis, members of the Polish Legions who had refused to swear an oath of loyalty to the German Emperor were interned there by the German occupiers. Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, Beniaminów was occupied by Germany. In 1942, the German Wehrmacht ran the Stalag 368 prisoner-of-war camp for Soviet POWs, notably many of non-Russian origin, e.g. Georgians, Belarusians, Uzbeks, in the village. In 1943, the Germans relocated the Stalag 333 POW camp from Komorowo to Beniaminów.Megargee; Overmans; Vogt, p. 329 It housed Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oath Crisis
The Oath crisis (; German language, German: ''Eidkrise'') was a World War I political conflict between the Imperial German Army command and the Józef Piłsudski-led Polish Legions in World War I, Polish Legions. Initially supporting the Central Powers against Imperial Russia, Piłsudski hoped for the defeat of one of the Partitions of Poland, partitioning powers—Russia—with the help of the other two partitioning states, Austria-Hungary and Germany. However, after the Russian defeat in 1917 it became clear that the Central Powers were in no position to guarantee the independence of Poland. Despite the Act of November 5th of 1916 and the creation of Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918), Kingdom of Poland, it was apparent that the newly created state would be little more than a puppet buffer-state for Germany, a part of its Mitteleuropa plan. At this point, Piłsudski decided to switch allegiances to gain the support of the Triple Entente, Entente, particularly France and the United K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Legions In World War I
The Polish Legions () was a name of the Polish military force (the first active Polish army in generations) established in August 1914 in Galicia (Central Europe), Galicia soon after World War I erupted between the opposing alliances of the Triple Entente on one side (comprising the British Empire, the French Third Republic, French Republic and the Russian Empire) and the Central Powers on the other side, comprising the German Empire and Austria-Hungary. The Legions became "a founding myth for the creation of modern Poland" in spite of their considerably short existence; they were replaced by the Polish Auxiliary Corps () formation on 20 September 1916, merged with Polish II Corps in Russia on 19 February 1918 for the Battle of Rarańcza against Austria-Hungary, and disbanded following the military defeat at the Battle of Kaniów in May 1918,WIEM Encyklopedia (2015)Polski Korpus Posiłkowyat PortalWiedzy.onet.pl against Imperial Germany. Józef Haller, General Haller escaped to F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kraków
, officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 (2023), with approximately 8 million additional people living within a radius. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596, and has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life. Cited as one of Europe's most beautiful cities, its Kraków Old Town, Old Town was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978, one of the world's first sites granted the status. The city began as a Hamlet (place), hamlet on Wawel Hill and was a busy trading centre of Central Europe in 985. In 1038, it became the seat of King of Poland, Polish monarchs from the Piast dynasty, and subsequently served as the centre of administration under Jagiellonian dynasty, Jagiellonian kings and of the Polish–Lithuan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galicia (Central Europe)
Galicia may refer to: Geographic regions * Galicia (Spain), a region and autonomous community of northwestern Spain ** Gallaecia, a Roman province ** The post-Roman Kingdom of the Suebi, also called the Kingdom of Gallaecia ** The medieval Kingdom of Galicia ** The Republic of Galicia, which only lasted for a few hours on 27 June 1931 * Galicia (Eastern Europe), a historical region in southeastern Poland and western Ukraine ** The Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia or Kingdom of Rus, a medieval kingdom ** The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, a crown land of the Austrian Empire and later the Austrian half (Cisleithania) of Austria-Hungary ** West Galicia or New Galicia, a short-lived administrative region of the Austrian Empire, eventually merged into the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria ** The District of Galicia, part of the Nazi General Government during the World War II occupation of Poland Named after Spanish Galicia * Galicia, Aklan, a barangay in Panay, Philippines * Nuev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
