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Wattieza
''Wattieza'' was a genus of prehistoric trees that existed in the mid-Devonian that belong to the cladoxylopsids, close relatives of the modern ferns and horsetails. The 2005 discovery (publicly revealed in 2007) in Schoharie County, New York, of fossils from the Middle Devonian about 385 million years ago united the crown of ''Wattieza'' to a root and trunk known since 1870. The fossilized grove of "Gilboa stumps" discovered at Gilboa, New York, were described as ''Eospermatopteris'', though the complete plant remained unknown. These fossils have been described as the earliest known trees, standing 8 m (26 ft) or more tall, resembling the unrelated modern tree fern.Stein, W. E., F. Mannolini, L. V. Hernick, E. Landling, and C. M. Berry. 2007"Giant cladoxylopsid trees resolve the enigma of the Earth's earliest forest stumps at Gilboa" ''Nature'' (19 April 2007) 446:904-907. ''Wattieza'' had fronds rather than leaves, and they reproduced with spores. Belgian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wattieza Casasii
''Wattieza'' was a genus of prehistoric trees that existed in the mid-Devonian that belong to the cladoxylopsids, close relatives of the modern ferns and Equisetum, horsetails. The 2005 discovery (publicly revealed in 2007) in Schoharie County, New York, Schoharie County, New York (state), New York, of fossils from the Middle Devonian about 385 million years ago united the crown of ''Wattieza'' to a root and trunk known since 1870. The Fossilization, fossilized grove of Gilboa Fossil Forest, "Gilboa stumps" discovered at Gilboa, New York, were described as ''Eospermatopteris'', though the complete plant remained unknown. These fossils have been described as the earliest known trees, standing 8 m (26 ft) or more tall, resembling the unrelated modern tree fern.Stein, W. E., F. Mannolini, L. V. Hernick, E. Landling, and C. M. Berry. 2007"Giant cladoxylopsid trees resolve the enigma of the Earth's earliest forest stumps at Gilboa" ''Nature'' (19 April 2007) 446:904-907. '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gilboa, New York
Gilboa is a town in Schoharie County, New York, United States. The population was 1,111 at the 2020 census. The Town of Gilboa is in the southern part of the county and is southwest of Albany. History The town was first settled around 1760. The Town of Gilboa was formed in 1848 from regions taken from the Towns of Blenheim and Broome. The name "Gilboa" is from Mount Gilboa, a biblical site in Israel, where King Saul's sons were killed by the Philistines, and Saul killed himself (1 Samuel 31:4) A cotton mill in the community of Gilboa was a major contributor to the early economy of the town, but it was destroyed by a flood in 1869. In 1926, the Schoharie Creek was dammed to form the Schoharie Reservoir. The original settlement of Gilboa was razed and flooded as part of this project. A new settlement was established north of the reservoir. Fossil Forest In 1870, workers blasting a site for a stone quarry found fossilized remains of tree stumps. In 2004, the tops an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladoxylopsid
The cladoxylopsids are an extinct group of plants related to ferns and sphenopsids. They had a central trunk, from the top of which several lateral branches were attached. Fossils of these plants originate in the Middle Devonian to Early Carboniferous periods (around ), mostly just as stems. Cladoxylopsida contains two orders. The order Hyeniales is now included in Pseudosporochnales. Intact fossils of the Middle Devonian cladoxylopsid '' Wattieza'' show it to have been a tree, the earliest identified in the fossil record as of 2007. In 2019, experts from Cardiff University, UK; Binghamton University and the New York State Museum discovered more fossils of Cladoxylopsida and Archaeopteris in a quarry in Cairo, New York. A recent (2017) discovery in Xinjiang in China of early Late Devonian ( Frasnian, ca. 374 Ma) silicified fossil cladoxylopsid tree trunks (diameter up to c.70 cm) with preserved cellular anatomy showed an internal arrangement with many xylem bundles in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudosporochnales
Pseudosporochnales is an order of the extinct cladoxylopsids. It contains the Hyeniales.Thomas N. Taylor, Edith L. Taylor, Michael Krings: Paleobotany. The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants . Second Edition, Academic Press 2009, , p. 388-398. References Prehistoric plant orders Fern orders {{devonian-plant-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tree
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, e.g., including only woody plants with secondary growth, only plants that are usable as lumber, or only plants above a specified height. But wider definitions include taller palms, tree ferns, bananas, and bamboos. Trees are not a monophyletic taxonomic group but consist of a wide variety of plant species that have independently evolved a trunk and branches as a way to tower above other plants to compete for sunlight. The majority of tree species are angiosperms or hardwoods; of the rest, many are gymnosperms or softwoods. Trees tend to be long-lived, some trees reaching several thousand years old. Trees evolved around 400 million years ago, and it is estimated that there are around three trillion mature trees in the world currently. A tree typically has many secondary branches supported cle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fern
The ferns (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta) are a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. They differ from mosses by being vascular, i.e., having specialized tissues that conduct water and nutrients, and in having life cycles in which the branched sporophyte is the dominant phase. Ferns have complex leaf, leaves called megaphylls that are more complex than the microphylls of clubmosses. Most ferns are leptosporangiate ferns. They produce coiled Fiddlehead fern, fiddleheads that uncoil and expand into fronds. The group includes about 10,560 known extant species. Ferns are defined here in the broad sense, being all of the Polypodiopsida, comprising both the leptosporangiate (Polypodiidae (plant), Polypodiidae) and eusporangiate ferns, the latter group including horsetails, Psilotaceae, whisk ferns, marattioid ferns, and ophioglossoid ferns. The fern crown group, consisting of the leptosporangiates and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paleobotany
Paleobotany or palaeobotany, also known as paleophytology, is the branch of botany dealing with the recovery and identification of plant fossils from geological contexts, and their use for the biological reconstruction of past environments ( paleogeography), and the evolutionary history of plants, with a bearing upon the evolution of life in general. It is a component of paleontology and paleobiology. The prefix ''palaeo-'' or ''paleo-'' means "ancient, old", and is derived from the Greek adjective , . Paleobotany includes the study of land plants, as well as the study of prehistoric marine photoautotrophs such as photosynthetic algae, seaweeds or kelp. A closely related field is palynology, which is the study of fossilized and extant spores and pollen. Paleobotany is important in the reconstruction of ancient ecological and climate systems, known as paleoecology and paleoclimatology respectively. It is fundamental to the study of green plant development and evolution ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gilboa Fossil Forest
Gilboa Fossil Forest, New York, United States, is a petrified forest and one of the oldest known forests. Located near the Gilboa Dam in Schoharie County, New York, the region is home to tree trunks from the Devonian period. The fossils, some of the only survivors of their type in the world, are believed to have been from one of the first forests on Earth, and was part of the Earth's afforestation. Paleobotanists have been interested in the site since the 1920s when construction work for a water supply project found several large, vertical fossilized stumps. Some of these remain on display at the Gilboa Dam site () and the New York Power Authority Blenheim-Gilboa Visitor Center in Schoharie County and at the New York State Museum The New York State Museum is a research-backed institution in Albany, New York, Albany, New York (state), New York, United States. It is located on Madison Avenue, attached to the south side of the Empire State Plaza, facing onto the plaza and to .. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palynology
Palynology is the study of microorganisms and microscopic fragments of mega-organisms that are composed of acid-resistant organic material and occur in sediments, sedimentary rocks, and even some metasedimentary rocks. Palynomorphs are the microscopic, acid-resistant organic remains and debris produced by a wide variety of plants, animals, and Protista that have existed since the late Proterozoic.Neuendorf, K.K.E., J.P. Mehl, Jr., and J.A. Jackson, eds., 2005, ''Glossary of Geology'' (5th ed.). Alexandria, Virginia, American Geological Institute. 779 pp. It is the science that studies contemporary and fossil palynomorphs (paleopalynology), including pollen, spores, orbicules, dinocysts, acritarchs, chitinozoans and scolecodonts, together with particulate organic matter (POM) and kerogen found in sedimentary rocks and sediments. Palynology does not include diatoms, foraminiferans or other organisms with siliceous or calcareous tests. The name of the science and o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Givetian
The Givetian is one of two faunal stages in the Middle Devonian Period. It lasted from million years ago to million years ago. It was preceded by the Eifelian Stage and followed by the Frasnian Stage. It is named after the town of Givet in France. The oldest forests occurred during the late Givetian. The lower GSSP A Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP), sometimes referred to as a golden spike, is an internationally agreed upon reference point on a stratigraphic section which defines the lower boundary of a stage on the geologic time scale. ... is located at Jebel Mech Irdane, Tafilalt, Morocco. Name and definition The Givetian Stage was proposed in 1879 by French geologist Jules Gosselet and was accepted for the higher stage of the Middle Devonian by the Subcommission on Devonian Stratigraphy in 1981. References Further reading * {{Geological history, p, p Middle Devonian Devonian geochronology . Devonian North America ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geology
Geology (). is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Modern geology significantly overlaps all other Earth sciences, including hydrology. It is integrated with Earth system science and planetary science. Geology describes the structure of the Earth on and beneath its surface and the processes that have shaped that structure. Geologists study the mineralogical composition of rocks in order to get insight into their history of formation. Geology determines the relative ages of rocks found at a given location; geochemistry (a branch of geology) determines their absolute ages. By combining various petrological, crystallographic, and paleontological tools, geologists are able to chronicle the geological history of the Earth as a whole. One aspect is to demonstrate the age of the Earth. Geology provides evidence for plate tectonics, the ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
