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Washaway
A washaway is a particular kind of landslide that can affect construction structures such as cuttings, embankments and bridges. They are thus a hazard to railways and road traffic. The biggest danger with washaways is that they may be difficult to spot in time to stop short of the point where one falls over the edge and/or into the water where one may drown. Repairs An embankment that is washed away can be repaired or restored by replacing the washed away earth, which is necessarily large because embankments have a gentle slope. A quicker method is to replace the washed out earth with a criss-cross structure of timber steepers called a pigsty which is only slightly wider than the track itself. The pigsty has alternating layers of transverse and longitudinal layers of these sleepers, which contains a lot of air which saves weight. Steel and concrete sleepers are not necessarily suitable for this purpose as they are either not square or fragile. The sleepers in the pigsty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Veligonda Train Disaster
The Valigonda rail disaster occurred on 29 October 2005 between the Valigonda and Ramannapet stations, about from Hyderabad in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh (now located in Telangana). A flash flood swept away a small rail bridge, and a train travelling on it derailed at the broken section of the line, killing at least 116 people and injuring many others. Many people were suspected of being washed away in flooded waters. Initially sources had reported that about 150 persons could have been killed during the incident. Accident details Seven bogies along with the engine of Secunderabad bound Delta Fast Passenger derailed due to flash floods washing away a portion of the tracks. The accident occurred early in the morning of 29 October 2005. It was suspected that a huge irrigation tank situated upstream from the rail lines ruptured, sending thousands of gallons of water down the channel, destroying the railway bridge. Personnel from Indian Army and Indian Navy diver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Double Switching
frame, A single-switched relay can close inadvertently in response to a single false feed current. frame, A double-switched relay cannot close inadvertently with the application of the same current. At least two separate faults would be required to allow this relay to close inadvertently. Double switching, double cutting, or double breaking is the practice of using a multipole switch to close or open both the positive and negative sides of a DC electrical circuit, or both the hot and neutral sides of an AC circuit. This technique is used to prevent shock hazard in electric devices connected with unpolarised AC power plugs and sockets. Double switching is a crucial safety engineering practice in railway signalling, wherein it is used to ensure that a single false feed of current to a relay is unlikely to cause a wrong-side failure. It is an example of using redundancy to increase safety and reduce the likelihood of failure, analogous to double insulation. Double switching in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Queensland State Archives 6410 Flood Damage To Rail Track Showing Complete Washaway Leaving Rails Suspended Location Unknown C 1955
Queensland ( , commonly abbreviated as Qld) is a States and territories of Australia, state in northeastern Australia, and is the second-largest and third-most populous state in Australia. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, south-west and south, respectively. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and the Pacific Ocean; to the state's north is the Torres Strait, separating the Australian mainland from Papua New Guinea, and the Gulf of Carpentaria to the north-west. With an area of , Queensland is the world's List of country subdivisions by area, sixth-largest subnational entity; it List of countries and dependencies by area, is larger than all but 16 countries. Due to its size, Queensland's geographical features and climates are diverse, and include tropical rainforests, rivers, coral reefs, mountain ranges and white sandy beaches in its Tropical climate, tropical and Humid subtropical climate, sub-tropical c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lahar
A lahar (, from ) is a violent type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of Pyroclastic rock, pyroclastic material, rocky debris and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a valley, river valley. Lahars are often extremely destructive and deadly; they can flow tens of metres per second, they have been known to be up to deep, and large flows tend to destroy any structures in their path. Notable lahars include those at Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines and Nevado del Ruiz in Colombia, the latter of which killed more than 20,000 people in the Armero tragedy. Etymology The word ''lahar'' is of Javanese language, Javanese origin. Berend George Escher introduced it as a geological term in 1922. Description The word ''lahar'' is a general term for a flowing mixture of water and pyroclastic debris. It does not refer to a particular rheology or sediment concentration. Lahars can occur as normal stream flows (sediment concentration of less than 30%), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landslide Types
Landslides, also known as landslips, rockslips or rockslides, are several forms of mass wasting that may include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, mudflows, shallow or deep-seated slope failures and debris flows. Landslides occur in a variety of environments, characterized by either steep or gentle slope gradients, from mountain ranges to coastal cliffs or even underwater, in which case they are called submarine landslides. Gravity is the primary driving force for a landslide to occur, but there are other factors affecting slope stability that produce specific conditions that make a slope prone to failure. In many cases, the landslide is triggered by a specific event (such as heavy rainfall, an earthquake, a slope cut to build a road, and many others), although this is not always identifiable. Landslides are frequently made worse by human development (such as urban sprawl) and resource exploitation (such as mining and deforestation). Land degradation freque ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Washout (erosion)
A washout is the sudden erosion of soft soil or other support surfaces by a gush of water, usually occurring during a heavy downpour of rain (a flash flood) or other stream flooding. These downpours may occur locally in a thunderstorm or over a large area, such as following the landfall of a tropical cyclone. If a washout occurs in a crater-like formation, it is called a sinkhole, and it usually involves a leaking or broken water main or sewerage pipes. Other types of sinkholes, such as collapsed caves, are not washouts. Widespread washouts can occur in mountainous areas after heavy rains, even in normally dry ravines. A severe washout can become a landslide, or cause a dam break in an earthen dam. Like other forms of erosion, most washouts can be prevented by vegetation whose roots hold the soil and/or slow the flow of surface and underground water. Deforestation increases the risk of washouts. Retaining walls and culverts may be used to try to prevent washouts, although p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Rail Accidents
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rail accidents ...
A rail accident (or train wreck) is a type of disaster involving one or more trains. Train wrecks often occur as a result of miscommunication, as when a moving train meets another train on the same track, when the wheels of train come off the track or when a boiler explosion occurs. Train accidents have been widely covered in popular media and in folklore. Lists By year By type *By country * By death toll *Terrorist incidents See also * Derailment * Rail transport * Tram accident * Train-pedestrian fatalities A level crossing is an intersection where a railway line crosses a road, Trail, path, or (in rare situations) airport runway, at the same level, as opposed to the railway line or the road etc. crossing over or under using an Overpass#Railway, o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peruman Railway Accident
The Peruman railway accident occurred on 8 July 1988 when a train derailed on the Peruman bridge over Ashtamudi Lake in Kerala, India and fell into the water, killing 105 people. The cause was never established, but was blamed on track alignment and faulty wheels, possibly compounded by a failure to notify maintenance workers about the approach of a delayed train that had been making-up time by travelling at excessive speed. Derailment The accident occurred at Peruman bridge over Ashtamudi Lake, Perinadu, Kollam, Kerala, at around 13:15 local time. Ten carriages of the Train Number:26 Island Express, travelling from Bangalore to Thiruvananthapuram Central, derailed and fell into the lake. Of the 14 coaches, only the engine, the parcel van and a second class compartment had crossed the bridge when the derailment occurred. Two of the nine coaches that fell into the water turned upside down. Rescue operations The rescue operations began immediately as locals of Perumon and Munrot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcellinara
Marcellinara ( Calabrian: ) is a ''comune'' and town in the province of Catanzaro in the Calabria region of southern Italy. It is a small village located in the middle of the narrowest strip (isthmus) of Italy and one of the narrowest of Europe as well, between the Ionian (East) and the Tyhrennian (West) seas; the distance between them is only 40 km. It is located close to both the regional capital of Catanzaro and the international airport of Lamezia Terme Lamezia Terme (), commonly called Lamezia, is an Italian city and ''comune'' of 70,452 inhabitants (2013), in the province of Catanzaro in the Calabria region. History The municipality of Lamezia Terme was formally created on 4 January 1968. It .... Transport The village is around 20 minutes far away from Lamezia Terme International Airport, from Lamezia Terme Centrale railway station and from the A3 Salerno-Reggio Calabria high-way exit of the same Lamezia Terme. It is also 15 minutes away from the train sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feroleto Antico
Feroleto Antico ( Calabrian: ) is a ''comune'' and town in the province of Catanzaro in the Calabria region of Italy. Feroleto Antico is located 280 meters above sea level in a territory predominantly hilly. The highest peak is Mount Mennazzo (749 m). It is crossed by the Badia river for approximately 13 km. The village is located within a small wooded valley. The municipality is located at the narrowest point of Italy, in the Isthmus of Catanzaro , in the center of Calabria. From some of its points you can enjoy an excellent view of the Gulf of Sant Eufemia. The town has been hit by various seismic events. The most serious was the earthquake of 28 March 1638, which razed the town to the ground which was subsequently rebuilt. The 1783 Southern Calabria Earthquake and the 1905 Calabria Earthquake were also really serious events and finally in 1905 event, soil fracturing and water leakage (or liquefaction In materials science, liquefaction is a process that generates a liquid fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngai Ndethya
Ngai (also called Múrungu or Enkai) is the monolithic Supreme God in the spirituality of the Kikuyu (or Gikuyu) and the closely related Embu, Meru and Kamba groups of Kenya, and the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania. Ngai is the creator of the universe and all in it. Regarded as the omnipotent God,Middleton, John; Kershaw, Greet; ''The Kikuyu and Kamba of Kenya: East Central Africa, Part 5,'' Routledge (reprint, 2017), p. 128,(Retrieved 5 April 2019) the Kikuyu, Embu, Meru, Kamba and the Maasai of Kenya worshiped Ngai facing the Mt. Kirinyaga (Mount Kenya) while prayers and goat sacrificial rituals were performed under the sacred Mugumo tree (a fig tree species). Occasions which may warrant sacrifice or libation include times of drought; epidemics; during planting and harvesting; and human life stages such as birth, marriage and death. Ngai in Kikuyu, Embu, Meru and Kamba Worship Ngai was often referred to as "Mwene Nyaga", meaning "Owner of the Dazzling Light". Kenyan anthropologis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Australia
South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a States and territories of Australia, state in the southern central part of Australia. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories by area, which includes some of the most arid parts of the continent, and with 1.8 million people. It is the fifth-largest of the states and territories by population. This population is the second-most highly centralised in the nation after Western Australia, with more than 77% of South Australians living in the capital Adelaide or its environs. Other population centres in the state are relatively small; Mount Gambier, the second-largest centre, has a population of 26,878. South Australia shares borders with all the other mainland states. It is bordered to the west by Western Australia, to the north by the Northern Territory, to the north-east by Queensland, to the east by New South Wales, to the south-east by Victoria (state), Victoria, and to the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
