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Warpalawa Ivris
Warpalawas II () was a Luwian king of the Syro-Hittite kingdom of Tuwana in the region of Tabal who reigned during the late 8th century BC, from around to . Name Etymology The Luwian name was pronounced and was derived by adding the adjectival suffix to the adjective / (), meaning and , and cognate with the Hittite term (), meaning . According to the linguist Ilya Yakubovich, / could also be used as a title meaning "warrior," while the denoted status, thus giving the name the meaning of . The linguist Rostyslav Oreshko meanwhile interprets / as a substantivised epithet of the Luwian Storm-god Tarḫunzas, meaning , therefore giving to the name the meaning of , that is , being thus semantically similar to the name (), meaning . Cognates A Lydian cognate of the name is attested in the form () or () recorded in Phrygia. A Pisidian cognate of is also attested in the form (). In Akkadian Warpallawas II is referred to in Neo-Assyrian Akkadian sources as () and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bor, Niğde
Bor is a town in Niğde Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey, to the southeast of the city of Niğde (very frequent busses run between the two), on a high plain (altitude ). It is the seat of Bor District.İlçe Belediyesi Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 1 March 2023. Its population is 41,999 (2022). The area is situated just north of the , not far from the (Gülek Boğazı), the mountain pass leading to Cilicia and Syria, and has long been a place of commercial and mili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Awarikus
Awarikus () or Warikas () was a Luwian king of the Syro-Hittite kingdom of Ḫiyawa in Cilicia who reigned during the mid to late 8th century BCE, from around to 709 BCE. Name The name of this king is attested in Anatolian hieroglyphs in the forms () and (). Etymology The name / is not Luwian, and several etymologies have been proposed for it, including a Hurrian one and various Greek ones: *one proposal is that the various forms go back to a unique form ; *another suggestion is that was pronounced and represented an Ancient Greek name (), meaning "fit for rule," while corresponded to the Cypriot name recorded in Greek as () and in Eteocypriot as (), meaning "crooked" and "lame." Other attestations In Phoenician The name Awarikkus referred to in the Karatepe and Çineköy inscriptions as (), and Warikkas is referred to in the Hasanbeyli and Cebelireis inscriptions as (). In Akkadian Awarikkus or Warikkas is referred to in Neo-Assyrian inscriptions as ()) and (). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ḫilakku
Ḫilakku (), later known as Pirindu ( and ), was a Luwian-speaking Syro-Hittite state which existed in southeastern Anatolia in the Iron Age. Name Ḫilakku The native name of this kingdom is still unknown due to a lack of Hieroglyphic Luwian inscriptions from it during the Iron Age, although it has been tentatively identified with the land of mentioned in the records of Halparuntiyas I of Gurgum. () was the name given by Neo-Assyrian Akkadian sources to this kingdom, and the name of the region which in Graeco-Roman times was called Cilicia was derived from that of Ḫilakku. Pirindu Following the collapse of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, the country of Ḫilakku reappeared in Neo-Babylonian Akkadian sources under the name of ( and ). The name was derived from a Luwian name , meaning , corresponding to the later Greek and Turkish appelations of this region as () and , which have the same meanings. It is uncertain whether the Neo-Babylonian name Pirindu is identical to the co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ḫiyawa
Ḫiyawa () or Adanawa () was a Luwian-speaking Syro-Hittite state which existed in southeastern Anatolia in the Iron Age. Name The native Luwian name of the kingdom was (), which bears a strong similarity to the name () used to refer to the Achaeans (, from earlier ), that is to the Mycenaean Greeks, in the Hittite texts of the Bronze Age. The use of this name for the kingdom of Ḫiyawa might have been the result of a migration of Greek populations from Western Anatolia into this region in the early Iron Age. The name was recorded in Semitic languages in several forms: *in Neo-Assyrian sources as: ** (), ** ( and ), **and (); ***the form () also appears in Aramaic sources; *and in Neo-Babylonian sources as (). Another name by which the kingdom of Ḫiyawa was called in its native Hieroglyphic Luwian inscriptions was (). The Phoenician inscriptions from Ḫiyawa also used the name () as the equivalent of both the names and . The scholar Rostyslav Oreshko has h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wasusarmas
Wasusarmas () was a Luwians, Luwian king of the Syro-Hittite states, Syro-Hittite kingdom of Tabal (state), Tabal proper in the Tabal (region), broader Tabalian region who reigned during the mid-8th century BC, from around to . Name Pronunciation The Luwian name was pronounced as . Etymology The name was theophoric in nature, and was composed of the name of the Hurrians, Hurrian god Šarruma, to which was prefixed the Luwian term , meaning , and which was itself a cognate of Palaic (), meaning , and of Sanskrit () and Avestan (), both also meaning . In Akkadian Wasusarmas is referred to in Neo-Assyrian Akkadian sources as or (). Life Wasusarmas was the son of the previous king of Tabal, Tuwattīs II. Both Wasusarmas and Tuwattīs II may have been part of a dynasty which had ruled Tabal for much of the 1st millennuum century BC, with an earlier king, Tuwattīs I, having ruled Tabal in the late 9th century BC, and who might have been an ancestor of Tuwattīs II and Wasus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cilician Gates
The Cilician Gates or Gülek Pass is a pass through the Taurus Mountains connecting the low plains of Cilicia to the Anatolian Plateau, by way of the narrow gorge of the Gökoluk River. Its highest elevation is about 1000m. The Cilician Gates have been a major commercial and military artery for millennia. In the early 20th century, a narrow-gauge railway was built through them, and today, the Tarsus-Ankara Highway ( E90, O-21) passes through them. The southern end of the Cilician gates is about 44 km north of Tarsus and the northern end leads to Cappadocia. History Yumuktepe (modern Mersin), which guards the Adana side of the gateway, with 23 layers of occupation, is at 4,500 BCE, one of the oldest fortified settlements in the world. The ancient pathway was a track for mule caravans, not wheeled vehicles. The Hittites, Greeks, Alexander the Great, the Romans, Byzantines, Sasanians, Mongols, and the Crusaders of the First Crusade have all traveled this route during th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taurus Mountains
The Taurus Mountains (Turkish language, Turkish: ''Toros Dağları'' or ''Toroslar,'' Greek language, Greek'':'' Ταύρος) are a mountain range, mountain complex in southern Turkey, separating the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coastal region from the central Anatolia#Anatolian plateau, Anatolian Plateau. The system extends along a curve from Lake Eğirdir in the west to the upper reaches of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the east. It is a part of the Alpide belt in Eurasia. Etymology The mountain range under the current name was mentioned in The Histories (Polybius), ''The Histories'' by Polybius as Ταῦρος (''Taûros''). Heinrich Kiepert writes in ''Lehrbuch der alten Geographie'' that the name was borrowed into Ancient Greek from the Semitic languages, Semitic (Old Aramaic) root wikt:טורא, טורא (''ṭūrā''), meaning "mountain". Geography The Taurus Mountains are divided into three chains from west to east as follows; * Western Taurus (Batı Torosla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porsuk, Ulukışla
Porsuk is a village in Ulukışla District, Niğde Province, Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen .... Its population is 291 (2022). Economy Agricultural products of the village are tomatoes, cucumbers, beans, potatoes, onions, peppers, corn, peas, sunflowers, lentils, cabbage, cherry, sour cherry, apple, peach, pear, mulberry, blackberry, grape, walnut, plum, apricot. Village Society Old Porsuk village headmen: Ömer Erdem, Hacı Ali Güldür, Mulla Mehmet Ünal, Rıza Arıkan, İbrahim Zeki Erdem. At the present time, Ramazan Ünsal is the reeve since 2005. See also * Porsuk Inscription References Villages in Ulukışla District {{Niğde-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atuna (state)
Atuna () or Tuna () was a Luwian language, Luwian-speaking Syro-Hittite states, Syro-Hittite state which existed in the Tabal (region), region of Tabal in southeastern Anatolia in the Iron Age. Geography Location The exact location of Atuna is still unknown due to a present lack of Luwian inscriptions from the kingdom's capital, and, while the site of Zeyve Höyük, corresponding to classical Tynna, has been suggested as a possible location for the capital of Atuna, Atuna was instead likely located further north, in northern Cappadocia. Since Atuna later obtained the territory of the Tabalian kingdom of Šinuḫtu, it was likely in the region immediately south of the Halys river's southernmost bend, to the immediate north of Šinuḫtu, and to the west of the kingdom of Tabal (state), Tabal proper and around the site which the present-day village of Bohça, which was possibly its capital and where the king Kurdis of Atuna had erected a stele. Neighbours To the north, Atuna direct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
