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War Merit Cross (Lippe)
The War Merit Cross () was a military decoration of the Principality of Lippe. Established on 8 December 1914, by Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe, it could be awarded to combatants and to non-combatants for significant contributions to the war effort. The cross was awarded approximately 18,000 times to combatants and 1,100 times to non-combatants. Appearance The War Merit Cross is a gilded bronze cross pattée. On the obverse of the cross in the center is the Rose of Lippe surrounded by a laurel wreath. In the upper arm of the cross, at the top of the wreath is the crowned cipher of Leopold IV. The lower arm bears the date ''1914''. On the reverse are the words ''FÜR'', ''AUSZEICHNUNG IM'', ''KRIEGE'' (for distinction in wartime) inscribed in three lines respectively, on the upper, horizontal, and lower arms of the cross. Awards to combatants have a yellow ribbon with red and white edges. Non-combat awards of the Cross hang from a white ribbon with edges of yellow and red. Not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Principality Of Lippe
Lippe (later Lippe-Detmold and then again Lippe) was a state in Germany, ruled by the House of Lippe. It was located between the Weser river and the southeast part of the Teutoburg Forest. It originated as a state during the Holy Roman Empire, and was promoted to the status of principality in 1789. During this period the ruling house split into a number of branches, with the main line residing at Detmold. During the Reformation, Lippe had converted to Lutheranism in 1538 and then to Calvinism in 1604. From the demise of the empire in 1806, the principality was independent, but it joined the North German Confederation in 1866 and became one of the States of the German Empire in 1871. Over the course of the nineteenth century it gradually developed into a constitutional monarchy with moderate participation in government for the landed nobility. Its economy was overwhelmingly agrarian and among the weakest in the German Empire. After the last prince abdicated in 1918, it continued a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodor Duesterberg
Theodor Duesterberg (; 19 October 1875 – 4 November 1950) was a military officer in the Imperial German Army and later leader of the veterans' organisation '' Der Stahlhelm'' in Germany prior to the Nazi seizure of power. Military service Born the son of an army surgeon in Darmstadt in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, Duesterberg entered the Prussian Army on 22 March 1893 as an officer candidate in '' Infanterie-Regiment Bremen (1. Hanseatisches) Nr. 75'' and was commissioned a ''Sekondelieutenant'' on 18 August 1894.German Federal Archives (Bundesarchiv), Nachlass von Theodor Duesterberg, BArch N 1377/1 In 1900, Duesterberg was assigned to the East Asian Expedition Corps that saw action in China during the Boxer Rebellion, where he was lightly wounded in the right arm. After returning to Germany, he was promoted to ''Oberleutnant'' on 27 January 1904 and to ''Hauptmann'' on 10 September 1908. He was transferred to the War Ministry in Berlin on 22 March 1914. With the start of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jürgen Stroop
Jürgen Stroop (born Josef Stroop, 26 September 1895 – 6 March 1952) was a German SS commander and perpetrator of the Holocaust during the Nazi era, who served as SS and Police Leader in occupied Poland and Greece from 1942-1943 (in Poland) and 1943-1944 (in Greece). He held the rank of '' SS-Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Polizei'' from 1942-1945. He led the suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943 and wrote the Stroop Report, a twelve-page account of the operation annexed with many original documents and pictures. Following the defeat of Germany, Stroop was prosecuted during the Dachau Trials and convicted of murdering nine U.S. prisoners of war. After his extradition to Poland, Stroop was tried, convicted, and executed for crimes against humanity. Early life Josef Stroop (he applied to change his first name in 1938, which was authorized 1941) was born in the Principality of Lippe, in the German Empire. His father, Konrad Stroop, was Lippe's chief of police ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rudolf Stöger-Steiner Von Steinstätten
Rudolf Stöger-Steiner Freiherr von Steinstätten (26 April 1861 – 12 May 1921) was a Austro-Hungarian Army#Ranks, colonel general in the Austro-Hungarian army and served as the last Minister of War (Austria-Hungary), Imperial Minister for War not only to the Austro-Hungarian Empire but also to the ancient Habsburg monarchy which sat at its head. Background and early life Born as Rudolf Stöger in the village of Pernegg an der Mur, Styria, in the then Austrian Empire in 1861, Stöger-Steiner's father died when he was a young boy, leading his mother to marry a then in the Austrian Army, Joseph Steiner. Stöger-Steiner's stepfather, a veteran of the Second Schleswig War, Danish campaign where he had been mentioned in dispatches to the Kaiser, had a profound influence on the young man's development and encouraged him to enlist in the Army. Joseph Steiner saw that his stepson entered service as a cadet in the 9th Feldjägerbataillon upon joining the Army so as to prevent him ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walter Stennes
Walter Franz Maria Stennes (12 April 1895 – 19 May 1983) was a leader of the (SA, stormtroopers, or "brownshirts") of the Nazi Party in Berlin and the surrounding area. In August 1930 he led a revolt against Adolf Hitler, the leader of the party, and Hitler's appointed regional head of the party in the Berlin area, Joseph Goebbels. The dispute was over Hitler's policies and practices in the use of the SA, and the underlying purpose of the paramilitary organization. Hitler quelled the revolt peacefully, but after a second rebellion in March–April 1931, the SA was purged and Stennes was expelled from the party. Early life Stennes was born in 1895 to Fritz Stennes, a bailiff and German Army officer, and his wife, Louise. He was educated at the cadet school, an official army-run military academy, at Schloss Bensberg. In 1910, he transferred to the Royal Prussian Main Cadet School in Berlin-Lichterfelde. His classmates there included Hermann Göring and Gerhard Roßbach. Af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Graf Von Der Schulenburg
Friedrich may refer to: Names *Friedrich (given name), people with the given name ''Friedrich'' *Friedrich (surname), people with the surname ''Friedrich'' Other *Friedrich (board game), a board game about Frederick the Great and the Seven Years' War * ''Friedrich'' (novel), a novel about anti-semitism written by Hans Peter Richter *Friedrich Air Conditioning, a company manufacturing air conditioning and purifying products *, a German cargo ship in service 1941-45 See also *Friedrichs (other) *Frederick (other) *Nikolaus Friedreich Nikolaus Friedreich (1 July 1825 in Würzburg – 6 July 1882 in Heidelberg) was a German pathologist and neurologist, and a third generation physician in the Friedreich family. His father was psychiatrist Johann Baptist Friedreich (1796–18 ... {{disambig ja:フリードリヒ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerd Von Rundstedt
Karl Rudolf Gerd von Rundstedt (12 December 1875 – 24 February 1953) was a German ''Generalfeldmarschall'' (Field Marshal) in the ''German Army (1935–1945), Heer'' (Army) of Nazi Germany and OB West, ''Oberbefehlshaber West'' (Commander-in-Chief in the West) during World War II. At the end of the war, aged 69, with over 52 years of service, he was the Army's most senior officer. Born into a Prussian family with a long military tradition, Rundstedt entered the Prussian Army in 1892. During World War I, he served mainly as a staff officer. In the interwar period, he continued his military career, reaching the rank of (Colonel General) before retiring in 1938. He was recalled at the beginning of World War II as commander of Army Group South in the invasion of Poland. He commanded Army Group A during the Battle of France, and requested the Halt Order during the Battle of Dunkirk. He was 1940 Field Marshal Ceremony, promoted to the rank of Field Marshal in 1940. In the inva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manfred Von Richthofen
Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen (; 2 May 1892 – 21 April 1918), known in English as Baron von Richthofen or the Red Baron, was a fighter pilot with the German Air Force during World War I. He is considered the ace-of-aces of the war, being officially credited with 80 air combat victories. Originally a cavalryman, Richthofen transferred to the Air Service in 1915, becoming one of the first members of fighter squadron '' Jagdstaffel 2'' in 1916. He quickly distinguished himself as a fighter pilot, and during 1917 became the leader of ''Jasta 11''. Later he led the larger fighter wing '' Jagdgeschwader I'', better known as "The Flying Circus" or "Richthofen's Circus" because of the bright colours of its aircraft, and perhaps also because of the way the unit was transferred from one area of Entente air activity to another – moving like a travelling circus, and frequently setting up in tents on improvised airfields. By 1918, Richthofen was regarded as a nati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georg Alexander Von Müller
Georg Alexander von Müller (24 March 1854 – 18 April 1940) was an Admiral of the Imperial German Navy and a close friend of the Wilhelm II, Kaiser in the run up to the World War I, First World War. Career Müller grew up in Sweden, where his father worked as a professor of agriculture. He joined the Imperial Navy in 1871 and served in many different positions, including commander of the gunboat in East Asia from 1891 to 1892, and then officer on the staff of Prince Heinrich of Prussia. He was Adjutant from 1904 to Kaiser Wilhelm II. He was named to the Prussian nobility (''Adelstitel'') in 1900. In 1906, he succeeded Gustav von Senden-Bibran as Chief of the German Imperial Naval Cabinet and served until the end of the German Empire in 1918. As chief of the Naval Cabinet, he dealt with not only with technical issues but also the Court and many politicians. By the start of the First World War, he had become an ally of Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg in his attempts t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Max Ludwig (general)
Max Heinrich Ludwig (26 March 1871 – 28 January 1961) was a German General of the Artillery and served from 1926 to 1929 as chief of the Waffenamt. Life Ludwig was born on 26 March 1871 in Sangerhausen. Ludwig joined the Lower Saxony Foot Artillery Regiment No. 10 of the Prussian Army in Strasbourg on 1 April 1891 as a flag cadet and was promoted to lieutenant on 18 June 1892. On 18 October 1892 he was transferred to the Hohenzollern Foot Artillery Regiment No. 13 in Ulm. In October 1894 he was assigned to the artillery school in Berlin for further training. He remained here until 31 July 1896, after which he was employed as an adjutant in his regiment. From 1 October 1898 to 20 July 1901, Ludwig was commanded to the Prussian Staff College and promoted to lieutenant on 16 June 1901. From 1 April 1903, he was initially assigned to the General Staff and was transferred here on 20 March 1906, while being promoted to captain. He then moved on 27 January 1907 to the General Staf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erich Ludendorff
Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff (; 9 April 1865 – 20 December 1937) was a German general and politician. He achieved fame during World War I (1914–1918) for his central role in the German victories at Battle of Liège, Liège and Battle of Tannenberg, Tannenberg in 1914. After his appointment as Generalquartiermeister, First Quartermaster General of the German General Staff in 1916, Ludendorff became Germany's chief policymaker in a Oberste Heeresleitung, ''de facto'' military dictatorship until the country's defeat in 1918. Later during the years of the Weimar Republic, he took part in the failed 1920 Kapp Putsch and Adolf Hitler's 1923 Beer Hall Putsch, thereby contributing significantly to the Adolf Hitler's rise to power, Nazis' rise to power. Erich Ludendorff came from a non-noble family in Kruszewnia (hence the lack of a "Nobiliary_particle, von" or "Nobiliary_particle, zu" in his name), in the Prussian Province of Posen. After completing his education as a cadet, h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermann Von Kuhl
Hermann Josef von Kuhl (2 November 1856 – 4 November 1958) was a Prussia, Prussian military officer, member of the German General Staff, and a ''General (Germany)#Generalleutnant, Generalleutnant'' during World War I. One of the most competent commanders in the German Army (German Empire), German Army, he retired in 1919 to write a number of critically acclaimed essays on the war. Hermann von Kuhl is one of only three recipients to be distinguished with both the "military class" and "peace class" of the Pour le Mérite, Prussia's and Germany's highest honor.William E. Hamelman: ''The History of the Prussian Pour le Mérite Order, Volume III (1888–1918)'' Matthäus Publishers, 1986History of the Pour le Mérite at pourlemerite.org, Retrieved 28 April 2012. Pre-war period Hermann Kuhl was ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
