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Wanda Janicka
Wanda Janicka (née Nowakowska, alias "Zofia") (16 June 1923 – 7 September 2023) was a Polish architect, participant in the Warsaw uprising. Biography From 1939 she was involved in independence activities. From February 1944, she was in the underground, introduced to it by Stanisław Huskowski. Initially, she was assigned to the Kedyw of the Home Army Command – "Pegaz" company. During the Warsaw uprising, she served as a runner for the 1st company of the Parasol Battalion of the Radosław Group of the Home Army. She fought in Wola, Old Town, City Centre, and Upper Czerniaków. She was injured in both legs, which forced her to withdraw from further combat. She left Warsaw with the civilian population after the Germans took over the Old Town. She ended up in Dulag 121 Pruszków, from which she managed to escape. During the occupation, she studied architecture through underground education. She graduated from the Building School in Warsaw. Immediately after the war, she mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warsaw
Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at 1.86 million residents within a Warsaw metropolitan area, greater metropolitan area of 3.27 million residents, which makes Warsaw the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, 6th most-populous city in the European Union. The city area measures and comprises List of districts and neighbourhoods of Warsaw, 18 districts, while the metropolitan area covers . Warsaw is classified as an Globalization and World Cities Research Network#Alpha 2, alpha global city, a major political, economic and cultural hub, and the country's seat of government. It is also the capital of the Masovian Voivodeship. Warsaw traces its origins to a small fishing town in Masovia. The city rose to prominence in the late 16th cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Runner (soldier)
In military, a runner was a foot soldier responsible for carrying messages between units during war. Runners were very important to military communications, before telecommunications became commonplace. Non-military runners were also used, e.g., by World War II resistance fighters. In Ancient Greece, ''Hemerodromoi'' (day-runners), ''Hemeroscopoi'' (day-watchers) and ''Dromokerykes'' (runner heralds) were employed to carry important news and perform surveillance. They swiftly relayed the information to the appropriate authorities, ensuring timely responses to emerging situations. When equipped with a bicycle or other transport, the runner became a despatch rider. 20th century Even though field telephones were widely used for the first time during World War I (1914–18), they relied on copper wire lines, which were often damaged or unreliable, or simply unavailable as troops advanced. Radio technology existed, but was generally regarded as too insecure for frontline use. M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balice, Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Balice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zabierzów, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately south of Zabierzów and west of the city centre of Kraków , officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 .... Balice is the home of the John Paul II International Airport. References Villages in Kraków County {{Kraków-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nowa Huta
Nowa Huta (, literally "The New Ironworks") is the easternmost district of Kraków, Poland. With more than 200,000 inhabitants, it is one of the most populous areas of the city. Until 1990, the neighbouring districts were considered expansions of the original Nowa Huta district, and were linked by the same tramway system. Today, the district formally known as Nowa Huta has been divided into several smaller districts. Nowa Huta is one of the largest planned socialist realist settlements or districts ever built (another being Magnitogorsk in Russia) in the entire world. Built as a utopian ideal city, its street hierarchy, layout and certain grandeur of buildings often resemble Paris or London. The high abundance of parks and green areas in Nowa Huta make it the greenest corner of Kraków. History The historic area of present-day Nowa Huta is one of the few places in Poland settled continuously since the Neolithic age. Archaeological research has discovered a large Celtic and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tadeusz Ptaszycki
''Tadeusz'' is a Polish first name, derived from Thaddaeus. Tadeusz may refer to: * Tadeusz Bednarowicz (1906–1939), Polish footballer * Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski (1895–1966), Polish military leader * Tadeusz Borowski (1922–1951), Polish writer and The Holocaust survivor * Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński (1874–1941), Polish gynaecologist, writer, poet, art critic, translator of French literary classics and journalist * Tadeusz Brzeziński (1896–1991), Polish consular official and the father of President Jimmy Carter's national security adviser, Zbigniew Brzezinski * Tadeusz Czeżowski (1889–1981), Polish philosopher and logician * Tadeusz Dołęga-Mostowicz (1898–1939), Polish journalist and author of over a dozen popular novels * Tadeusz Drzazga (born 1975), Polish weightlifter * Tadeusz Fijas (born 1960), Polish ski jumper * Tadeusz Hollender (1910–1943), Polish poet, translator and humorist * Tadeusz Rozwadowski (1866–1928), Polish military commander, diplomat, and po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kraków
, officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 (2023), with approximately 8 million additional people living within a radius. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596, and has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life. Cited as one of Europe's most beautiful cities, its Kraków Old Town, Old Town was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978, one of the world's first sites granted the status. The city began as a Hamlet (place), hamlet on Wawel Hill and was a busy trading centre of Central Europe in 985. In 1038, it became the seat of King of Poland, Polish monarchs from the Piast dynasty, and subsequently served as the centre of administration under Jagiellonian dynasty, Jagiellonian kings and of the Polish–Lithuan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tricity, Poland
Tricity, or Tri-City ( ; ; ), is an urban area in Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, consisting of three contiguous coastal city, cities in Pomerelia forming a row on the coastline of the Gdańsk Bay, Baltic Sea, namely the cities of Gdańsk, Gdynia, and Sopot, along with other cities and towns in their vicinity. In 2021, the three core cities were inhabited by 749,786 people, while the Tricity together with its metropolitan area had a combined population of between 1 and 1.5 million, depending on the definition of the boundaries of the latter. The designation has been used informally or semi-formally only. A strategic cooperation declaration, the Tricity Charter (Polish: ''Karta Trójmiasta''), was signed by the three city mayors on 28 March 2007. The only incorporated common management authority in the Tricity metro is the Gdańsk Bay Public Transport Metropolitan Union () which is, despite the name, an inter-municipal union and not a metropolitan one. Economy Nearly 35% of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Underground Education
Underground education or clandestine education refers to various practices of teaching carried out at times and places where such educational activities were deemed illegal. Examples of places where widespread clandestine education practices took place included education of Blacks during the slave period in the USA and the Secret Teaching Organization in Poland under the Nazis. History Early modern era There is a Greek - mostly oral - tradition claiming that secret schools (''Krifo scholio'') operated during the Ottoman period. There is scant written evidence for this and many historians view it as a national myth. Others believe that the Greek secret school is a legend with a core of truth. According to certain sources, secret schools for Albanians operated in late 19th century by Albanian-speaking communities and Bektashi priests or nationalists under Ottoman rule. During the era of slavery in the United States, the education of enslaved African Americans was discouraged ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dulag 121 Camp In Pruszków
Dulag 121 camp in Pruszków ('' 121'' Pruszków) was a Nazi Germany, Nazi transit camp where civilian population from Warsaw and surrounding areas, expelled from their homes during and after the Warsaw Uprising, was gathered. The camp was established on 6 August 1944, on the premises of the former . It operated until mid-December 1944, and in a residual form, until 16 January 1945. During this period, between 390,000 and 410,000 people passed through Dulag 121, among whom tens of thousands were deported to Forced labour, forced labor in the depths of the Reich or sent to Nazi concentration camps, concentration camps after a short stay in the camp. Due to diseases, exhaustion, or at the hands of guards, hundreds to several thousand prisoners of Dulag 121 perished. However, over 30,000 people managed to leave the camp thanks to the assistance of the Polish personnel employed there. Origins The transit camp in Pruszków was established on the sixth day of the Warsaw Uprising ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czerniaków
Czerniaków () is a neighbourhood, and an area of the City Information System, in Warsaw, Poland, within the district of Mokotów. It is a residential area with high-rise multifamily housing. The neighbourhood features the St. Anthony of Padua Church dating to 1693, and the Warsaw Uprising Mound, an artificial hill and memorial, as well as the Czerniaków Lake, the largest still body of fresh water in the city. Czerniaków was founded ik the 13th century, as a small farming community. It was incorporated into Warsaw in the 1916, and in the 1920s, together with nearby Sadyba, it developed as a single-family residential neighbourhood, designed with principles of the garden city movement. In the 1970s, there were constructed high-rise multifamily residential neighbourhoods. History Within the area of current Czerniaków, near Idzikowskiego Street, was discovered a small flint axe dating to around 500 BCE.''Dzieje Mokotowa''. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 1972. (in Polish) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centrum (municipal Neighbourhood Of Warsaw)
Centrum, also known by its anglicized name Centre, and designated as the Neighbourhood No. 4, is a municipal neighbourhood of the city of Warsaw, Poland, located within the district of Śródmieście, and administered by a neighbourhood council. It is located within the City Information System area of Śródmieście Północne. History The municipal neighbourhood of Centrum was established on 10 March 2016. Government The neighbourhood government is divided into two organs, the neighbourhood council as the legislative body, and the neighbourhoo management as the executive body. Its seat is located at the 19 Widok Street, in suite no. 201. The government is led by the council leader. Throughout the years, they were: * 2016–2022: Andrzej Jacek Rokiciński; * 2022–present: Andrzej Żurawski. Location and administrative boundaries The neighbourhood of Centrum is located within the central portion of the district of Śródmieście (''Downtown''), in the city of War ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
