Wacław Czyżewski
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Wacław Czyżewski
Wacław Czyżewski (real name Wacław Raś, pseudonyms ''Kora'', ''Im''; 25 April 1917 – 30 January 2002) was a Polish military commander and communist activist. He was officer of the People's Guard and People's Army, Divisional general of the Polish People's Army, deputy commander of the Silesian Military District (1959–1963), deputy commandant of the Military University of Technology (1963–1968), head of the Polish mission in the International Commission of Control and Supervision in Korea (1968–1969), chief of the Internal Defense Forces (1970–1974), and deputy chief inspector of the Territorial Defense Forces (1974–1984). Biography Czyżewski was born on 25 April 1917 in Zielonka. In the 1930s, he worked in Warsaw as a bricklayer and was associated with the communist movement – he was active in the and the Trade Union of Construction Workers, which remained under the influence of the KPP; the information he himself gave in his biographies about his membership ...
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Zielonka, Kraśnik County
Zielonka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Trzydnik Duży, within Kraśnik County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Trzydnik Duży, south of Kraśnik, and south-west of the regional capital Lublin Lublin is List of cities and towns in Poland, the ninth-largest city in Poland and the second-largest city of historical Lesser Poland. It is the capital and the centre of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 336,339 (December 2021). Lublin i .... References Villages in Kraśnik County {{Kraśnik-geo-stub ...
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Military University Of Technology
The Military University of Technology () is Poland's civil-military technological academic institution, located in Warsaw's Bemowo district. It was established in 1951. The University's rector-commander is Brig. Gen. Przemysław Wachulak. The University is supervised by Poland's Minister of National Defense and conducts scientific research for the Polish Armed Forces. The University educates nearly 10,000 students. The staff comprises some 1,000 employees, including 220 professors. The University conducts both military and civilian studies. Military graduates receive not only the professional title of ''magister inżynier'', but are promoted to the military rank of ''podporucznik'' (second lieutenant). Formally being professional soldiers, military students attend school on the principles of ordinary military service. They are quartered in military dormitories and attend a variety of different military trainings and lectures. After graduating, they are formally obliged to serve ...
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Medal For Oder, Neisse And Baltic
The Medal for Oder, Neisse and Baltic () was a Polish commemorative medal awarded by the Polish People's Republic to commemorate those who directly participated in combat against the Nazi Germany for the liberation of Poland and the restoration of its old boundaries on the rivers the Oder, the Neisse and the coast of Baltic Sea. History The Medal for Oder, Neisse and Baltic was established by decree of the Council of Ministers of October 26, 1945: "To commemorate the great victories of the Polish soldier who fought on new boundaries on the Oder and Nysa and on the coast of the Baltic Sea, regaining the Polish ancient Slavic lands in the west and north and reward participants of these fights." In the decree, the medal was called ''Medal for the Oder, Nissa, Bałtyk'', with the then Polish name of the river Neisse - 'Nissa'. In the Act of February 17, 1960 on medals and decorations, the medal's name was changed to ''Medal for the Oder, Neisse, Baltic'' and it was then specified that ...
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Medal For Warsaw 1939–1945
The Medal for Warsaw 1939–1945 () was a Polish commemorative medal awarded by the Polish People's Republic to commemorate active participation in defending Warsaw in 1939, 1944 Warsaw Uprising, and in liberation of Warsaw from Nazi Germany in January 1945. History The Medal for Warsaw 1939–1945 was established by a decree of the Council of Ministers of November 21, 1945: "In order to commemorate the heroic history of Warsaw in the war with the Nazi invaders, the history of a soldier who defended the Capital in September 1939, fought relentlessly during the occupation and died sacrificially in the tragic uprising, as well as to commemorate the victorious liberation of Warsaw by the Polish People's Army in alliance with the Red Army and to reward the participants of these fights for the Capital." One of the first people to be awarded the medal was the first President of Poland Bolesław Bierut and Władysław Gomułka, and some high-ranking members of the Polish military suc ...
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Cross Of Merit (Poland)
A cross is a religious symbol consisting of two intersecting lines, usually perpendicular to each other. The lines usually run vertically and horizontally. A cross of oblique lines, in the shape of the Latin letter X, is termed a saltire in heraldic terminology. The cross shape has been widely officially recognized as an absolute and exclusive religious symbol of Christianity from an early period in that religion's history.''Christianity: an introduction''
by Alister E. McGrath 2006 pages 321-323
Before then, it was used as a religious or cultural symbol throughout , in west and



Partisan Cross
The Partisan Cross () was a Polish military decoration awarded to World War II partisans (part of resistance movement fighting in the countryside). It was introduced by the Council of Ministers on October 26, 1945. It was awarded from 1945 until 1999.   It was awarded to organizers, commanders and members of partisan units who fought against Germans on a Polish territory, or to Poles who fought in partisan units in the USSR, Yugoslavia and France, or to foreigners, who fought in partisan units on a Polish territory. It could be given also to cities or villages, that distinguished themselves in supporting the partisan movement. It was awarded first by the Ministry of Defence, from 1952 by the Council of State, from 1989 by the President of Poland. It ceased to be awarded in 1999. About 55,000 Partisan Crosses were awarded. Description The Cross is a gold-plated Greek cross with thin arms, 38 x 38 mm. Obverse shows the eagle Eagle is the common name for the golden ...
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Cross Of Valour (Poland)
The Cross of Valour () is a Polish military decoration. It was introduced by the Council of National Defense on 11 August 1920. It is awarded to an individual who "has demonstrated deeds of valour and courage on the field of battle." It may be awarded to the same person up to four times.The only soldier ever to receive more than 4 Crosses of Valour was Stefan Grot-Rowecki, commander of the Polish Home Army during World War II, who had reached his quota of 4 crosses during World War I and the Polish-Soviet War, yet was awarded 4 more crosses on 1 May 1943. See: The medal is given only in wartime or shortly after.Zdzislaw P. Wesolowski, ''Polish Orders, Medals, Badges and Insignia: Military and Civilian Decorations, 1705–1985'', pp. 22–24, 41–42, 58. History Polish-Soviet War The medal was introduced in 1920 at the height of the Polish-Soviet War, shortly before the climactic Battle of Warsaw. Initially it had no Order Council and was awarded personally by the Commander- ...
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