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Vyacheslav Feodoritov
Vyacheslav Petrovich Feodoritov (Russian: Вячесла́в Петро́вич Феодори́тов)(February 28, 1928 - January 2, 2004), , was a Russian physicist in the former Soviet program of nuclear weapons. He was a co-designer of the first two-stage Soviet thermonuclear device, the RDS-37, and became a chief of laboratory at Arzamas-16, now known as the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics. Early life and career Feodoritov was born in Sasovo, Ryazan Oblast, 319 km south-east of Moscow. He graduated with honours from the Faculty of Physics and Technology of Moscow State University in 1952. Straight from graduation, he became a researcher in the theoretical sector known as KB-11 in Arzamas-16, which was based in the closed city of Sarov, working under Yakov Zel'dovich. Employees were only allowed leave on officially sanctioned or organised days off work, on trips such as for hunting or fishing. Feodoritov became lost on one such trip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sasovo, Ryazan Oblast
Sasovo (russian: Са́сово) is a town in Ryazan Oblast, Russia, located on the Tsna River ( Oka's basin) southeast of Ryazan. Population: History Sasovo was founded in 1642 and granted town status in 1926. In the early 17th century, the village of Sasovo was owned by the descendants of Siberian Khan Kuchum who also ruled in Kasim Khanate at that time. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Sasovo serves as the administrative center of Sasovsky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the town of oblast significance of SasovoLaw #128-OZ—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of oblast significance of Sasovo is incorporated as Sasovo Urban Okrug.Law #95-OZ Notable residents * Nikolay Makarov (1914–1988), Soviet firearms designer, born in Sasovo *Viktor Zolotov Viktor Vasily ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RDS-37
RDS-37 was the Soviet Union's first two-stage hydrogen bomb, first tested on 22 November 1955. The weapon had a nominal yield of approximately 3 megatons. It was scaled down to 1.6 megatons for the live test. Leading to the RDS-37 The RDS-37 was a reaction to the efforts of the United States. Previously, the Soviet Union allegedly used many of their spies in the U.S. to help them generate methods and ideas for the nuclear bomb. The creation of the hydrogen bomb required less usage of this method, although they still received help from some spies, most importantly, Klaus Fuchs. In 1945, the Soviet Union reached a decision to work on a design for a "super bomb". Also in 1945, Enrico Fermi gave lectures at Los Alamos discussing the fusion process. At the end of his lecture he stated "so far all schemes for the initiation of the super rerather vague". In the spring of 1946, Edward Teller set up a conference to assess all the information known about the hydrogen bomb. Klaus Fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sakharov
Sakharov (feminine: Sakharova) (russian: Сахаров, Сахарова) is a Russian surname, derived from the word ''"сахар"'' (sugar). Other spellings of the surname are Saharov / Saharova, Sakharoff , Saharoff. The surname may refer to: Saharov * Aleksander Saharov (born 1982), Estonian professional footballer Sakharof * Berry Sakharof (born 1957), Israeli rock guitarist, songwriter and singer Sakharoff * Alexander Sakharoff (1886–1963), Russian dancer, teacher, and choreographer Sakharov * Alik Sakharov (born 1959), American television director. * Andrei Sakharov (1921–1989), Russian physicist and anti-Soviet dissident * Andrey Nikolayevich Sakharov (1930–2019), Russian historian * Anton Sakharov (born 1982), Russian footballer * Gleb Sakharov (born 1988), Uzbek–French tennis player * Nikita Sakharov (1915–1945), Soviet Evenk writer * Sophrony (Sakharov) (1896–1993), Christian monk, mystic and teacher * Vladimir Sakharov (born 1948), former Soviet f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Goncharov
German Arsenyevich Goncharov ussian: Гончаров Герман Арсеньевич(8 July 1928 – 7 September 2009) was a Soviet and Russian nuclear physicist, engineer and mathematician. He was a key member of the theoretical team which developed and tested Soviet thermonuclear weapons from 1952 and he led a theoretical department at the Soviet nuclear research facility at Arzamas-16 from 1967 to 2004. Early life and education Goncharov was born in Kalinin (reverted to Tver in 1991), 160 km northwest of Moscow. From 1941 to 1943, he was evacuated with his family to the Kuybyshev region (reverted to Samara in 1991). In 1946 he graduated from high school in Kalinin, winning a gold medal. He enrolled at the Moscow State University in the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics – without taking any entrance exams – and in 1947 transferred to the Physics and Technical Faculty, from which he graduated in 1952. The Faculty was at Laboratory No. 3 of the USSR Academy of Sci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RDS-220
The Tsar Bomba () (code name: ''Ivan'' or ''Vanya''), also known by the alphanumerical designation "AN602", was a Thermonuclear weapon, thermonuclear aerial bomb, and the most powerful nuclear weapon ever created and tested. Overall, the Soviet physicist Andrei Sakharov oversaw the project at Arzamas-16, while the main work of design was by Sakharov, Viktor Adamsky, Yuri Babayev, Yuri Smirnov (physicist), Yuri Smirnov, and Yuri Trutnev (scientist), Yuri Trutnev. The project was ordered by Nikita Khrushchev in July 1961 as part of the Soviet resumption of nuclear testing after the Test Ban Moratorium (1958-1961), Test Ban Moratorium, with the detonation timed to coincide with the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Tested on 30 October 1961, the test verified new design principles for high-yield thermonuclear charges, allowing, as its final report put it, the design of a nuclear device "of practically unlimited power". The bomb was dropped by parachute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of The Red Banner Of Labour
The Order of the Red Banner of Labour (russian: Орден Трудового Красного Знамени, translit=Orden Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni) was an order of the Soviet Union established to honour great deeds and services to the Soviet state and society in the fields of production, science, culture, literature, the arts, education, health, social and other spheres of labour activities. It is the labour counterpart of the military Order of the Red Banner. A few institutions and factories, being the pride of Soviet Union, also received the order. The Order of the Red Banner of Labour was the third-highest civil award in the Soviet Union, after the Order of Lenin and the Order of the October Revolution. The Order of the Red Banner of Labour began solely as an award of the Russian SFSR on December 28, 1920. The all-Union equivalent was established by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet on September 7, 1928, and approved by another decree on September 15, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medal "For Labour Valour"
The Medal "For Labour Valour" (russian: Медаль «За трудовую доблесть») was a civilian labour award of the Soviet Union bestowed to especially deserving workers to recognise and honour dedicated and valorous labour or significant contributions in the fields of science, culture or the manufacturing industry. It was established on December 27, 1938 by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. During its existence, its statute was amended three times by further decrees, first on June 19, 1943 to amend its description and ribbon, then on December 16, 1947 to amend its regulations, and finally on July 18, 1980 to confirm all previous amendments. During its existence of just over fifty years, it was bestowed to almost two million deserving citizens. The medal ceased to be awarded following the December 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union. Medal statute The Medal "For Labour Valour" was awarded to workers, farmers, specialists of the nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RDS-4
RDS-4 (also known as ''Tatyana'') was a Soviet nuclear bomb that was first tested at Semipalatinsk Test Site, on August 23, 1953. The device weighed approximately . The device was approximately one-third the size of the RDS-3. The bomb was dropped from an IL-28 aircraft at an altitude of and exploded at , with a yield of 28 kt. The Soviet Union's first mass-produced tactical nuclear weapon was based on the RDS-4 and remained in service until 1966. It used a composite core of Pu-239 and 90% enriched U-235 and had a nominal yield of 30 kilotons. The bomb was delivered from a Tu-4 and Tu-16 aircraft. A tactical weapon based on the RDS-4 was also used on September 14, 1954 during Snowball military exercise near Totskoye (similar to Western Desert Rock exercises), when the bomb was dropped by the Tu-4 bomber (the reverse-engineered Boeing B-29). The purpose of this exercise was not to test the bomb itself, but the ability of using it while breaking through enemy defenses (pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RDS-6s
Joe 4 was an American nickname for the first Soviet test of a thermonuclear weapon on August 12, 1953, that detonated with a force equivalent to 400 kilotons of TNT. The proper Soviet terminology for the warhead was RDS-6s, , . RDS-6 utilized a scheme in which fission and fusion fuel (lithium-6 deuteride) were " layered", a design known as the ''Sloika'' (russian: Слойка, links=no, named after a type of layered puff pastry) model in the Soviet Union. A ten-fold increase in explosive power was achieved by a combination of fusion and fission. A similar design was earlier theorized by Edward Teller, but never tested in the U.S., as the "Alarm Clock". Description The Soviet Union started studies of advanced nuclear bombs and a hydrogen bomb, code named RDS-6, in June 1948. The studies would be done by KB-11 (usually referred to as Arzamas-16, the name of the town) and FIAN. The first hydrogen bomb design was the Truba (russian: Труба, pipe/cylinder) (RDS-6t)). In M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yevgeny Zababakhin
Yevgeny Ivanovich Zababakhin (russian: Евгений Иванович Забабахин; January 16, 1917 in Moscow, Russian Empire – December 27, 1984 in Snezhinsk, Soviet Union) was a Soviet military engineer, theoretical physicist and one of the chief designers of nuclear weapons in the USSR. Amongst many others, he was involved in the first Soviet nuclear bomb (RDS-1) and the design of the first Soviet two-stage hydrogen bomb (RDS-37). Life and career Zababakhin was born in Moscow. After completing seven-year school in 1931, he joined the Moscow College of Food Industry. The focus of this technical college changed to the manufacture of ball bearings. He graduated in 1936, and was sent to the Sharikopodshipnik factory, eventually becoming the senior foreman operating lathes. In 1938, he enrolled at the Moscow State University to study physics before leading a Komsomol platoon from 1941, building defences against Nazi Germany in Roslavl, Smolensk Oblast. In September that yea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrei Sakharov
Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov ( rus, Андрей Дмитриевич Сахаров, p=ɐnˈdrʲej ˈdmʲitrʲɪjevʲɪtɕ ˈsaxərəf; 21 May 192114 December 1989) was a Soviet nuclear physicist, dissident, nobel laureate and activist for nuclear disarmament, peace, and human rights. He became renowned as the designer of the Soviet Union's RDS-37, a codename for Soviet development of thermonuclear weapons. Sakharov later became an advocate of civil liberties and civil reforms in the Soviet Union, for which he faced state persecution; these efforts earned him the Nobel Peace Prize in 1975. The Sakharov Prize, which is awarded annually by the European Parliament for people and organizations dedicated to human rights and freedoms, is named in his honor. Biography Early life Sakharov was born in Moscow on May 21, 1921. His father was Dmitri Ivanovich Sakharov, a physics professor and an amateur pianist. His father taught at the Second Moscow State University. Andrei's gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich
Yakov Borisovich Zeldovich ( be, Я́каў Бары́савіч Зяльдо́віч, russian: Я́ков Бори́сович Зельдо́вич; 8 March 1914 – 2 December 1987), also known as YaB, was a leading Soviet physicist of Belarusian origin, who is known for his prolific contributions in physical cosmology, physics of thermonuclear reactions, combustion, and hydrodynamical phenomena. From 1943, Zeldovich, a self-taught physicist, started his career by playing a crucial role in the development of the former Soviet program of nuclear weapons. In 1963, he returned to academia to embark on pioneering contributions on the fundamental understanding of the thermodynamics of black holes and expanding the scope of physical cosmology. Biography Early life and education Yakov Zeldovich was born into a Belarusian Jewish family in his grandfather's house in Minsk. However, in mid-1914, the Zeldovich family moved to Saint Petersburg. They resided there until August 194 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
