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Vulcan Palm
''Brighamia insignis'', commonly known as ''ʻŌlulu'' or ''Alula'' in Hawaiian, or colloquially as the vulcan palm or cabbage on a stick, is a species of Hawaiian lobelioid in the bellflower family, Campanulaceae. It is native to the islands of Kauai and Niihau, but has been extinct in the wild since at least 2019-2020. This short-lived perennial species is a member of a unique endemic Hawaiian genus with only one other species. Description ''Brighamia insignis'' is a potentially branched plant with a succulent stem that is bulbous at the bottom and tapers toward the top, ending in a compact rosette of fleshy leaves. The stem is usually in height, but can reach . The plant blooms in September through November.Hawaiian Native Plant Cultivation Database. University of Hawaii, Manoa. It has clusters ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asa Gray
Asa Gray (November 18, 1810 – January 30, 1888) is considered the most important American botany, botanist of the 19th century. His ''Darwiniana'' (1876) was considered an important explanation of how religion and science were not necessarily mutually exclusive. Gray was adamant that a genetic connection must exist between all members of a species. He was also strongly opposed to the ideas of hybridization within one generation and special creation in the sense of its not allowing for evolution. He was a strong supporter of Darwin, although Gray's theistic evolution was guided by a Creator. As a professor of botany at Harvard University for several decades, Gray regularly visited, and corresponded with, many of the leading natural scientists of the era, including Charles Darwin, who held great regard for him. Gray made several trips to Europe to collaborate with leading European scientists of the era, as well as trips to the southern and western United States. He also built a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petal
Petals are modified leaves that form an inner whorl surrounding the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often brightly coloured or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''corolla''. Petals are usually surrounded by an outer whorl of modified leaves called sepals, that collectively form the ''calyx'' and lie just beneath the corolla. The calyx and the corolla together make up the perianth, the non-reproductive portion of a flower. When the petals and sepals of a flower are difficult to distinguish, they are collectively called tepals. Examples of plants in which the term ''tepal'' is appropriate include genera such as '' Aloe'' and '' Tulipa''. Conversely, genera such as '' Rosa'' and '' Phaseolus'' have well-distinguished sepals and petals. When the undifferentiated tepals resemble petals, they are referred to as "petaloid", as in petaloid monocots, orders of monocots with brightly coloured tepals. Since they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heteropogon Contortus
''Heteropogon contortus'' is a tropical, perennial tussock grass with a native distribution encompassing Southern Africa, southern Asia, Northern Australia, Oceania, and southwestern North America. The species has also become a naturalised weed in tropical and subtropical regions in the Americas and East Asia. The plant grows to in height and is favoured in most environments by frequent burning. The plants develop characteristic dark seeds with a single long awn at one end and a sharp spike at the other. The awn becomes twisted when dry and straightens when moistened, and in combination with the spike is capable of drilling the seed into the soil. The species is known by many common names, including black speargrass, tanglehead, ''steekgras'' (in Afrikaans) and ''pili'' (in Hawaiian, ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *''pilit''₁ "to adhere/stick"). ''H. contortus'' is a valuable pasture species across much of its range. However, it has also been responsible for the eliminat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eragrostis Variabilis
''Eragrostis variabilis'' is a species of grass known by the common names variable lovegrass, ''kawelu'', ''emoloa'', and ''kalamalo''. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it occurs on all the main islands plus Kure Atoll, Midway Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Atoll, Lisianski Island, Laysan, and Nīhoa.''Eragrostis variabilis''. NatureServe. This species is a perennial grass which is variable in appearance. The smooth, erect stems are up to 3 feet tall or more. The leaves and s are variable in length. The s are open and spreading or dense a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eragrostis
''Eragrostis'' is a large and widespread genus of plants in the Poaceae, grass family, found in many countries on all inhabited continents and many islands. ''Eragrostis'' is commonly known as lovegrass or canegrass. The name of the genus is derived from the Greek language, Greek words ἔρως (''érōs''), meaning "love", and ἄγρωστις (''ágrōstis''), meaning "grass". Lovegrass is commonly used as livestock fodder. The seeds appear to be of high nutritional value for some animals, but they are also very tiny and collecting them for human food is cumbersome and hence uncommon. A notable exception is Eragrostis tef, teff (''Eragrostis tef, E. tef''), which is used to make traditional breads on the Horn of Africa, such as Ethiopian ''injera'' and Somalian ''laxoox''. It is a crop of commercial importance. ''Eragrostis clelandii, E. clelandii'' and ''Eragrostis tremula, E. tremula'' are recorded as famine foods in Australia and Chad, respectively. Other species, such a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psydrax Odorata
''Psydrax odorata'', known as ''alahee'' in Hawaiian, is a species of flowering shrub or small tree in the coffee family, Rubiaceae. It is native to the Pacific Islands, New Guinea and Australia. Description The species range from in height, has a spread of , and a trunk width of up to . The leaves are glossy green in colour, are up to long and elliptic. The fruits of the plant are quite round, are black in colour and 3/8 wide. Ecology The fruits produce many seeds which are often attacked by the larvae of '' Alucita objurgatella'', a species of the many-plumed moths. Habitat The species can be found growing in dry shrub land and in dry to moist forests at elevations of up to . Uses Native Hawaiians used the very hard wood of ''alahee'' to make ''koi alahee'' (adzes for cutting softer woods such as '' Erythrina sandwicensis''), ''ōō'' (digging sticks), and ''o'' (short spears). A black dye was made from the leaves. See also * List of endemic plants in the Mariana Island ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euphorbia Celastroides
''Euphorbia celastroides'' is a flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is referred to by the common name akoko by Native Hawaiians, Hawaiians, and is a species of spurge closely related to the Euphorbia subg. Poinsettia, poinsettia. This species develops into a round-shape shrub. This species is endemism, endemic to the Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands. Description ''Euphorbia celastroides'' grows as a medium-sized shrub or small tree reaching in height. To grow properly, this species requires temperatures of and light shade. This plant develops in a fashion similar to a shrub. In the summer, it assumes a red-violet colouring. It does not lose its leaves in the winter, due to the warm climate of its range. Female flowers have a three-part pistil over a three-part ovary (plants), ovary, usually producing three (or sometimes more) seeds. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artemisia (genus)
''Artemisia'' ( ) is a large, diverse genus of plants belonging to the daisy family, Asteraceae, with almost 500 species. Common names for various species in the genus include mugwort, wormwood, and sagebrush. Some botanists split the genus into several genera, but DNA analysis does not support the maintenance of the genera ''Crossostephium'', ''Filifolium'', ''Neopallasia'', ''Seriphidium'', and ''Sphaeromeria''; three other segregate genera—''Stilnolepis'', ''Elachanthemum'', and ''Kaschgaria''—are maintained by this evidence. Occasionally, some of the species are called sages, causing confusion with the ''Salvia'' sages in the family Lamiaceae. ''Artemisia'' comprises hardy herbaceous plants and shrubs, which are known for the powerful chemical constituents in their essential oils. ''Artemisia'' species grow in temperate climates of both hemispheres, usually in dry or semiarid habitats. Notable species include '' A. vulgaris'' (common mugwort), '' A. triden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cliff
In geography and geology, a cliff or rock face is an area of Rock (geology), rock which has a general angle defined by the vertical, or nearly vertical. Cliffs are formed by the processes of weathering and erosion, with the effect of gravity. Cliffs are common on coasts, in mountainous areas, escarpments and along rivers. Cliffs are usually composed of rock that is resistant to weathering and erosion. The sedimentary rocks that are most likely to form cliffs include sandstone, limestone, chalk, and Dolomite (rock), dolomite. Igneous rocks such as granite and basalt also often form cliffs. An escarpment (or scarp) is a type of cliff formed by the movement of a geologic fault, a landslide, or sometimes by rock slides or falling rocks which change the differential erosion of the rock layers. Most cliffs have some form of scree slope at their base. In arid areas or under high cliffs, they are generally exposed jumbles of fallen rock. In areas of higher moisture, a soil slope may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soil
Soil, also commonly referred to as earth, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, water, and organisms that together support the life of plants and soil organisms. Some scientific definitions distinguish dirt from ''soil'' by restricting the former term specifically to displaced soil. Soil consists of a solid collection of minerals and organic matter (the soil matrix), as well as a porous phase that holds gases (the soil atmosphere) and water (the soil solution). Accordingly, soil is a three- state system of solids, liquids, and gases. Soil is a product of several factors: the influence of climate, relief (elevation, orientation, and slope of terrain), organisms, and the soil's parent materials (original minerals) interacting over time. It continually undergoes development by way of numerous physical, chemical and biological processes, which include weathering with associated erosion. Given its complexity and strong internal connectedness, soil ecologists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hawaiian Tropical Dry Forests
Hawaiian tropical dry forests are a tropical dry broadleaf forest ecoregion in the Hawaiian Islands. They cover an area of on the leeward side of the main islands and the summits of Niihau and Kahoolawe. These forests are either seasonal or sclerophyllous. Annual rainfall is less than and may be as low as . The rainy season there lasts from November to March. Dominant tree species include ''koa'' (''Acacia koa''), ''koaia'' ('' A. koaia''), ''akoko'' (''Euphorbia'' spp.), ''ōhia'' lehua (''Metrosideros polymorpha''), ''lonomea'' ('' Sapindus oahuensis''), ''māmane'' (''Sophora chrysophylla''), ''loulu'' (''Pritchardia'' spp.), ''lama'' ('' Diospyros sandwicensis''), ''olopua'' ('' Nestegis sandwicensis''), ''wiliwili'' ('' Erythrina sandwicensis''), ''ohe makai'' (''Polyscias sandwicensis''), and ''iliahi'' (''Santalum'' spp.). Endemic plant species include ''hau heleula'' (''Kokia cookei''), ''uhiuhi'' ('' Caesalpinia kavaiensis''), and '' Gouania'' spp. The '' palila'' (' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hawaiian Tropical Rainforests
The Hawaiian tropical rainforests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion in the Hawaiian Islands. They cover an area of in the windward lowlands and montane regions of the islands. Coastal mesic forests are found at elevations from sea level to . Mixed mesic forests occur at elevations of , while wet forests are found from . Moist bogs and shrublands exist on montane plateaus and depressions. For the 28 million years of existence of the Hawaiian Islands, they have been isolated from the rest of the world by vast stretches of the Pacific Ocean, and this isolation has resulted in the evolution of an incredible diversity of endemic species, including fungi, mosses, snails, birds, and other wildlife. In the lush, moist forests high in the mountains, trees are draped with vines, orchids, ferns, and mosses. This ecoregion includes one of the world's wettest places, the slopes of Mount Waialeale, which average of rainfall per year. Coastal mesic forests Coastal mesic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
