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Volvelle
A volvelle or wheel chart is a type of slide chart, a paper construction with rotating parts. It is considered an early example of a paper analog computer. Volvelles have been produced to accommodate organization and calculation in many diverse subjects. Early examples of volvelles are found in the pages of astronomy books. In the twentieth century, the volvelle had many diverse uses. In ''Reinventing the Wheel'', author Jessica Helfand introduces twentieth-century volvelles with this: The rock band Led Zeppelin employed a volvelle in the sleeve design for the album ''Led Zeppelin III'' (1970). Two games from the game company Infocom included volvelles inside their package as "feelies": ''Sorcerer (video game), Sorcerer'' (1983) and ''A Mind Forever Voyaging'' (1985). Both volvelles served to impede copying of the games, because they contained information needed to play the game. See also * E6B * Ramon Llull * Planisphere * Pop-up book * Slide chart * Zairja References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Led Zeppelin III
''Led Zeppelin III'' is the third studio album by the English rock band Led Zeppelin, released on 5 October 1970. It was recorded in three locations. Much of the work was done at Headley Grange, a country house, using the Rolling Stones Mobile Studio. Additional sessions were held at Island Studios and Olympic Studios in London. As with the prior album, the band eschewed the use of guest musicians, with all music performed by band members Robert Plant (vocals), Jimmy Page (guitars), John Paul Jones (bass, keyboards), and John Bonham (drums). The range of instruments played by the band was greatly enhanced on this album, with Jones especially emerging as a talented multi-instrumentalist, playing a wide range of keyboard and stringed instruments, including various synthesizers, mandolin and double bass, in addition to his usual bass guitar. As with prior albums, Page served as producer on the album, with mixing done by Andy Johns and Terry Manning. The album showed a progressi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pop-up Book
A pop-up book is any book with three-dimensional space, three-dimensional pages, often with elements that ''pop up'' as a page is turned. The terminology serves as an umbrella term for movable book, pop-ups, tunnel books, transformations, volvelles, flaps, pull-tabs, pop-outs, pull-downs, and other features each performing in a different manner. Three-dimensional greeting cards use the same principles. Design and creation of such books in arts is sometimes called "paper engineering". This usage should not be confused with traditional paper engineering, the engineering of systems to mass-produce paper products. Animated books Animated books combine three elements: story, colored illustrations which include text, and "two or more animated illustrations with their movement mechanisms working between a doubled page". In 1938, Julian Wehr's animations for children's books were patented as "moving illustrations" that move the picture up and down and horizontally at the same time with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astronomicum Caesareum (1540)
''Astronomicum Caesareum'' (''Astronomy of the Caesars''; also translated as ''The Emperor's Astronomy'') is a book by Petrus Apianus first published in 1540. ''Astronomicum'' was initially published in 1540. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and his brother Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, both commissioned the work. It was printed at Apianus's press in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, and took eight years to produce. It expanded and changed when reprinted; the final version has 55 leaves. Apianus evidently changed his plans while producing a single edition. A volvelle in one version of ''Astronomicum'' has "an entirely irrelevant base of an astrolabe" underneath, suggesting that he considered creating one and then abandoned the idea. Twenty-one of its 36 woodcuts are volvelles. ''Astronomicum'' volvelles rely on a geocentric model of the universe. However, despite the false science on which they depended, knowledgeable readers could still use them to predict planetary movements. Ni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slide Chart
A slide chart is a hand-held device, usually of paper, cardboard, or plastic, for conducting simple calculations or looking up information. A circular slide chart is sometimes referred to as a wheel chart or volvelle. Unlike other hand-held mechanical calculating devices such as slide rules and addiators, which have been replaced by electronic calculators and computer software, wheel charts and slide charts have survived to the present time. There are a number of companies who design and manufacture these devices. Unlike the general-purpose mechanical calculators, slide charts are typically devoted to carrying out a particular specialized calculation, or displaying information on a single product or a particular process. For example, the "Curveasy" wheel chart displays information related to spherical geometry calculations, and the Prestolog calculator is used for cost/profit calculations. Another example of a wheel chart is the planisphere, which shows the location of stars in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A Mind Forever Voyaging
''A Mind Forever Voyaging'' (''AMFV'') is an interactive fiction game designed and implemented by Steve Meretzky and published in 1985 by Infocom. The game was intended as a polemical critique of Ronald Reagan's politics. Its title comes from Book III of Wordsworth's The Prelude, describing a statue of Newton in contemplation as "the marble index of a mind for ever voyaging through strange seas of thought, alone". Plot The story is set in the United States of North America, which is similar to the real-world United States, in the year 2031. The player controls PRISM, the world's first sentient computer. PRISM is instructed by its creator, Dr. Abraham Perelman, to run a simulation of Senator Richard Ryder's "Plan for Renewed National Purpose". This plan is intended to address the nation's failing economy, the high teenage suicide rate, and to strengthen the nation's position in a nuclear arms race. PRISM simulates the life of a man called Perry Simm, ten years after th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astronomical Instruments
An astronomical instrument is a device for observing, measuring or recording astronomical data. They are used in the scientific field of astronomy, a natural science that studies celestial objects and the phenomena that occur in the cosmos, with the object of explaining their origin and evolution over time. Many are also used in navigation and surveying. Astronomical instruments include:Descriptions here are taken automatically from the linked articles or from items on Wikidata. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Radio plate * * * * * * * * * * * * * See also *Astronomy * Outline of astronomy *Surveying instrument Instruments used in surveying include: * Alidade * Alidade table * Cosmolabe * Dioptra * Dumpy level * Engineer's chain * Geodimeter * Graphometer * Groma (surveying) * Laser scanning * Level * Level staff * Measuring tape * Plane table * ... * Measurement instrument Notes {{DEFAULTSORT:Astronomical instruments ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Analog Computers
An analog computer or analogue computer is a type of computation machine (computer) that uses physical phenomena such as Electrical network, electrical, Mechanics, mechanical, or Hydraulics, hydraulic quantities behaving according to the mathematical principles in question (''analog signals'') to Scientific modelling, model the problem being solved. In contrast, digital computers represent varying quantities symbolically and by discrete values of both time and amplitude (digital signals). Analog computers can have a very wide range of complexity. Slide rules and nomograms are the simplest, while naval gunfire control computers and large hybrid digital/analog computers were among the most complicated. Complex mechanisms for process control and protective relays used analog computation to perform control and protective functions. Analog computers were widely used in scientific and industrial applications even after the advent of digital computers, because at the time they were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Eye Magazine Issues
''Eye'' magazine is a quarterly print magazine on graphic design and visual culture. History First published in London in 1990, ''Eye'' was founded by Rick Poynor, a prolific writer on graphic design and visual communication. Poynor edited the first twenty-four issues (1990–1997). Max Bruinsma was the second editor, editing issues 25–32 (1997–1999), before its current editor John L. Walters took over in 1999. Stephen Coates was art director for issues 1–26, Nick Bell was art director from issues 27–57, and Simon Esterson has been art director since issue 58. Frequent contributors include Phil Baines, Steven Heller, John-Patrick Hartnett, Richard Hollis, Paul Kahn, Robin Kinross, Jan Middendorp, J. Abbott Miller, John O'Reilly, Rick Poynor, Elizabeth Resnick, Alice Twemlow, Kerry William Purcell, Steve Rigley, Adrian Shaughnessy, David Thompson, Christopher Wilson, Steve Hare and many others. Recent issues have included photographs by Philip Sayer, Maria Spann an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eye (magazine)
''Eye'' magazine is a quarterly print magazine on graphic design and visual culture. History First published in London in 1990, ''Eye'' was founded by Rick Poynor, a prolific writer on graphic design and visual communication. Poynor edited the first twenty-four issues (1990–1997). Max Bruinsma was the second editor, editing issues 25–32 (1997–1999), before its current editor John L. Walters took over in 1999. Stephen Coates was art director for issues 1–26, Nick Bell was art director from issues 27–57, and Simon Esterson has been art director since issue 58. Frequent contributors include Phil Baines, Steven Heller, John-Patrick Hartnett, Richard Hollis, Paul Kahn, Robin Kinross, Jan Middendorp, J. Abbott Miller, John O'Reilly, Rick Poynor, Elizabeth Resnick, Alice Twemlow, Kerry William Purcell, Steve Rigley, Adrian Shaughnessy, David Thompson, Christopher Wilson, Steve Hare and many others. Recent issues have included photographs by Philip Sayer, Maria Spann ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zairja
A zairja (; also transcribed as ''zairjah'', ''zairajah'', ''zairdja'', ''zairadja'', and ''zayirga'') was a device used by medieval Arab astrologers to generate ideas by mechanical means. The name may derive from a mixture of the Persian words ''zāycha'' ( "horoscope; astronomical table") and ''dāyra'' ( "circle").Link, David. "Scrambling TRUTH: rotating letters as a material form of thought." Variantology 4 (2010): 215-266"Scrambling T-R-U-T-H: Rotating Letters as a Material Form of Thought"/ref> Ibn Khaldun described zairja as: "a branch of the science of letter magic, practiced among the authorities on letter magic, is the technique of finding out answers from questions by means of connections existing between the letters of the expressions used in the question. They imagine that these connections can form the basis for knowing the future happenings they want to know."Ibn Khaldūn. 1958 The Muqaddimah: An introduction to history. Translated from the Arabic by Franz Rosenthal. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Planisphere
In astronomy, a planisphere () is a star chart analog computing instrument in the form of two adjustable disks that rotate on a common pivot. It can be adjusted to display the visible stars for any time and date. It is an instrument to assist in learning how to recognize stars and constellations. The astrolabe, an instrument that has its origins in Hellenistic astronomy, is a predecessor of the modern planisphere. The term ''planisphere'' contrasts with '' armillary sphere'', where the celestial sphere is represented by a three-dimensional framework of rings. Description A planisphere consists of a circular star chart attached at its center to an opaque circular overlay that has a clear window or hole so that only a portion of the sky map will be visible in the window or hole area at any given time. The chart and overlay are mounted so that they are free to rotate about a common axis. The star chart contains the brightest stars, constellations and (possibly) deep-sky objects ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
