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Volvariella Surrecta
''Volvariella surrecta'', commonly known as the piggyback rosegill, is an agaric fungus in the family Pluteaceae. Although rare, the species is widely distributed, having been reported from Asia, North America, Northern Africa, Europe, and New Zealand. The fungus grows as a parasite on the fruit bodies of other gilled mushrooms, usually ''Clitocybe nebularis''. ''V. surrecta'' mushrooms have white or greyish silky-hairy caps up to in diameter, and white gills that turns pink in maturity. The stipe, also white, is up to long, and has a sack-like volva at its base. Taxonomy The species was first mentioned in scientific literature as ''Agaricus surrectus'' by English botanist John Leonard Knapp in his 1829 ''Journal of a Naturalist''. Knapp described the species and illustrated it in a woodcut. He wrote: We have even an agaric, with a bulbous root and downy pileus, that will spring from the smooth summit of another (agaricus caseus), which has a uniform footstalk, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Leonard Knapp
John Leonard Knapp (9 May 1767 – 29 April 1845) was an English botanist and naturalist. He is best known for his ''Journal of a Naturalist'', and his work on British grasses. History Born at Shenley, Buckinghamshire, John Leonard Knapp was the son of Primatt Knapp, rector of Shenley. Educated at Thame grammar school, Knapp entered the navy, but finding the sea unsuited to his health, he resigned and served successively in the Herefordshire and Northamptonshire militia, becoming a captain in the latter. He lived for a time at Powick, near Worcester, and was then in the habit of making long summer botanical excursions. On one of these he visited Scotland in company with Scottish botanist George Don and collected several of the rarest species of British native grasses. Publications In 1804 he published ''Gramina Britannica, or Representations of the British Grasses on 119 coloured plates, with Descriptions,'' in quarto, the figures being executed by himself. This edition was, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Description
A species description is a formal description of a newly discovered species, usually in the form of a scientific paper. Its purpose is to give a clear description of a new species of organism and explain how it differs from species that have been described previously or are related. In order for species to be validly described, they need to follow guidelines established over time. Zoological naming requires adherence to the ICZN code, plants, the ICN, viruses ICTV, and so on. The species description often contains photographs or other illustrations of type material along with a note on where they are deposited. The publication in which the species is described gives the new species a formal scientific name. Some 1.9 million species have been identified and described, out of some 8.7 million that may actually exist. Millions more have become extinct throughout the existence of life on Earth. Naming process A name of a new species becomes valid (available in zo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Name
In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often contrasted with the scientific name for the same organism, which is Latinized. A common name is sometimes frequently used, but that is not always the case. In chemistry, IUPAC defines a common name as one that, although it unambiguously defines a chemical, does not follow the current systematic naming convention, such as acetone, systematically 2-propanone, while a vernacular name describes one used in a lab, trade or industry that does not unambiguously describe a single chemical, such as copper sulfate, which may refer to either copper(I) sulfate or copper(II) sulfate. Sometimes common names are created by authorities on one particular subject, in an attempt to make it possible for members of the general public (including such interested p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Thomas Lowe
Richard Thomas Lowe (1802–1874) was an English scientist, a botanist, ichthyologist, malacologist, and a clergyman. In 1825 he graduated from Christ's College, Cambridge, and in the same year he took holy orders. In 1832 he became a clergyman in the Madeira Islands, where he was also a part-time naturalist, extensively studying the local flora and fauna. He wrote a book on the Madeiran flora. He died in 1874 when the ship he was on was wrecked off the Isles of Scilly. Taxa Lowe named and described numerous molluscan taxa, including: * ''Caseolus'', a land snail genus and eight species within it * ''Lemniscia ''Lemniscia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Geomitridae Geomitridae is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic Family (biology), family of small to medium-sized air-breathing land sna ...'', a land snail genus and two species within it See also * :Taxa named by Richard Thomas Lowe References * Notes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the Roman Republic it became the dominant language in the Italian region and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire. Even after the fall of Western Rome, Latin remained the common language of international communication, science, scholarship and academia in Europe until well into the 18th century, when other regional vernaculars (including its own descendants, the Romance languages) supplanted it in common academic and political usage, and it eventually became a dead language in the modern linguistic definition. Latin is a highly inflected language, with three distinct genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter), six or seven noun cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, and vocative), five declensions, four ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botanical Name
A botanical name is a formal scientific name conforming to the ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN) and, if it concerns a plant cultigen, the additional cultivar or Group epithets must conform to the '' International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants'' (ICNCP). The code of nomenclature covers "all organisms traditionally treated as algae, fungi, or plants, whether fossil or non-fossil, including blue-green algae ( Cyanobacteria), chytrids, oomycetes, slime moulds and photosynthetic protists with their taxonomically related non-photosynthetic groups (but excluding Microsporidia)." The purpose of a formal name is to have a single name that is accepted and used worldwide for a particular plant or plant group. For example, the botanical name '' Bellis perennis'' denotes a plant species which is native to most of the countries of Europe and the Middle East, where it has accumulated various names in many languages. Later, the plant w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subspecies
In biological classification, subspecies is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics ( morphology), but that can successfully interbreed. Not all species have subspecies, but for those that do there must be at least two. Subspecies is abbreviated subsp. or ssp. and the singular and plural forms are the same ("the subspecies is" or "the subspecies are"). In zoology, under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the subspecies is the only taxonomic rank below that of species that can receive a name. In botany and mycology, under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, other infraspecific ranks, such as variety, may be named. In bacteriology and virology, under standard bacterial nomenclature and virus nomenclature, there are recommendations but not strict requirements for recognizing other important infraspecific ranks. A taxonomist decides w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volvariella Hypopithys
''Volvariella'' is a genus of mushrooms with deep salmon pink gills and spore prints. Description They lack a ring, and have an Amanita-like volva at the stem base. Some species of Amanita look similar, but Amanita has white spores and often have a ring. Since the gills of young ''Volvariella'' are white at first, they are more easily mistaken for '' Amanita''. The genus is estimated to contain about 50 species. Species Many sources list ''Volvariella'' as a member of the Pluteaceae family, but recent DNA studies have revealed that '' Pluteus'' and ''Volvariella'' evolved separately and have very different DNA. These studies show that ''Volvariella'' is very closely related to "schizophylloid" mushrooms like '' Schizophyllum commune''. Some species of ''Volvariella'' are popular edibles in Europe, accounting for 16% of total production of cultivated mushrooms in the world. Cultivation and edibility '' Volvariella volvacea'', well known as the "paddy straw mushroom", ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between org ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volvariella Pusilla
''Volvariella pusilla'', is a species of agaric fungus in the family Pluteaceae, described by Rolf Singer Rolf Singer (June 23, 1906 – January 18, 1994) was a Germany, German-born mycologist and one of the most important Taxonomy (biology), taxonomists of gilled mushrooms (agarics) in the 20th century. After receiving his Ph.D. at the University ... in 1951. Morphology Cap: 1 to 3 cm in diameter, bell-shaped at first, then expands. The skin is silky-stringy when young, slightly sticky, white, the flesh is cream-colored, the edge is more stringy and sometimes cracked. Lamellae: Free, white when young and pink colored when the spores mature. Lamellae come close to the stipe, but do not touch it. Stipe: White and thin. Distribution and habitat It was noted in Asia and Europe, North America, Africa and Australia, with the most sightings in Europe. It grows in forests, parks, botanical gardens, allotment gardens, by the roads, sometimes close to houses, on the ground, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volvariella
''Volvariella'' is a genus of mushrooms with deep salmon pink gills and spore prints. Description They lack a ring, and have an Amanita-like volva at the stem base. Some species of Amanita look similar, but Amanita has white spores and often have a ring. Since the gills of young ''Volvariella'' are white at first, they are more easily mistaken for ''Amanita''. The genus is estimated to contain about 50 species. Species Many sources list ''Volvariella'' as a member of the Pluteaceae family, but recent DNA studies have revealed that '' Pluteus'' and ''Volvariella'' evolved separately and have very different DNA. These studies show that ''Volvariella'' is very closely related to "schizophylloid" mushrooms like ''Schizophyllum commune''. Some species of ''Volvariella'' are popular edibles in Europe, accounting for 16% of total production of cultivated mushrooms in the world. Cultivation and edibility '' Volvariella volvacea'', well known as the "paddy straw mushroom", is c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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