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Volkseigener Betrieb
The Publicly Owned Enterprise (; abbreviated VEB) was the main legal form of industrial enterprise in East Germany. These state-owned enterprise were all publicly owned and were formed after mass nationalisation between 1945 and the early 1960s, and the handing back in 1954 of some 33 enterprises previously taken by the Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ... as reparations. The managing director of a VEB was called a plant or works manager (, or ). They were assisted by the first secretary of the factory party organisation () of the SED, and the chairman of the factory trade union (). Subordinate to them were roles such as "Chief Accountant" and "Technical Director". 200px, View of the VEB Carl Zeiss Jena, 1978 VEBs were initially vertical integratio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leuna
Leuna () is a town in Saxony-Anhalt, eastern Germany, south of Merseburg and Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Halle, on the river Saale. The town is known for the ''Leuna works, Leunawerke'', at 13 km2 one of the biggest chemical industrial complexes in Germany, where a very wide range of chemicals and plastics is produced. In 1960, Leuna's population was nearly 10,000, but after German reunification, reunification high unemployment rates and poor living conditions, including pollution from nearby industries, caused significant outward migration. Before the 31 December 2009 incorporation of ten neighbouring municipalities, its population had declined to 6,670. Geography The town Leuna consists of Leuna proper and the following 10 ''Ortschaften'' or municipal divisions:Hauptsatzung der Stadt Leun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VEB Lokomotivbau Karl Marx
Orenstein & Koppel (normally abbreviated to "O&K") was a major German engineering company specialising in railway vehicles, escalators, and heavy equipment. It was founded on April 1, 1876, in Berlin by Benno Orenstein and Arthur Koppel. Originally a general engineering company, O&K soon started to specialise in the manufacture of railway vehicles. The company also manufactured heavy equipment and escalators. O&K pulled out of the railway business in 1981. Its escalator-manufacturing division was spun off to the company's majority shareholder at the time, Friedrich Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp, in 1996, leaving the company to focus primarily on construction machines. The construction-equipment business was sold to New Holland Construction, at the time part of the Fiat Group, in 1999. Founding and railway work The Orenstein & Koppel Company was a mechanical-engineering firm that first entered the railway-construction field, building locomotives and other railroad cars. First fou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jehmlich Orgelbau Dresden
Jehmlich Orgelbau Dresden is a privately owned organ building and restoration company in Dresden, Germany. History The company was founded in 1808 in Cämmerswalde by three brothers, Gotthelf Friedrich, Johann Gotthold und Carl Gottlieb Jehmlich. The first organ was built in 1818. In 1826 the company was moved to Dresden. It was led from 1862 to 1889 by Carl Eduard Jehmlich, then by the brothers Emil and Bruno Jehmlich, after 1938 by Otto and Rudolf Jehmlich until 1972. In 1972 the company was nationalized as VEB Jehmlich Orgelbau. Because of the specific expertise Horst Jehmlich became the director and family control was maintained. After the German reunification the company was reprivatized in 1990. In 2006 Ralf Jehmlich joined the company's leadership representing the sixth generation. In 2000, Jehmlich joined with Meissen to build the first porcelain Porcelain (), also called china, is a ceramic material made by heating Industrial mineral, raw materials, generally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nordic Yards Wismar
Meyer Wismar (former '' VEB Mathias-Thesen-Werft Wismar'', ''Aker MTW Werft'', ''Wadan Yards MTW'', ''Nordic Yards Wismar'') is a German shipbuilding company, headquartered in Wismar. After June 1, 1990 it was part of the Deutschen Maschinen- und Schiffbau AG (DMS AG), from 2009 it was part of the Nordic Yards Holding GmbH, and in 2016 it became part of the Lloyd Werft Group. In June 2022 Thyssenkrupp Marine Systems (TKMS) acquired the Wismar site of MV Werften. In November 2022, a lease agreement was signed with Meyer Werft to complete the ''Global Dream'' with the yard renamed Meyer Wismar. History The yard at Wismar was founded on April 27, 1946 as a Red Army ship repair shop, which was handed over to the German state administration on January 1, 1947. 1951 to 1990: VEB Mathias-Thesen-Werft Wismar After the takeover of the old ''Hanse shipyard'' , the integration of the site of the former "Hafenschmiede" and the boatyard "Schröder und Schackow", the resulting state-owne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ORWO
ORWO (for ''ORiginal WOlfen'') is a registered trademark of the company ORWO Net GmbH, based in Wolfen, Germany, Wolfen and is also traditionally known for black and white film products, made in Germany and sold under the ORWO brand. ORWO was established in East Germany in 1964 as a brand for photographic film and magnetic tape, mainly produced at the former ''ORWO Filmfabrik Wolfen'' (now CChemiepark Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Chemical Park Bitterfeld-Wolfen). The Wolfen factory was founded by Agfa-Gevaert, AGFA (Aktien-Gesellschaft für Anilin-Fabrikation) in 1910, and in 1936 developed Agfacolor, Agfacolor Neu, the first modern colour film which incorporated dye couplers. The division of Germany after World War II saw AGFA divided, into ''Agfa AG, Leverkusen'' in West Germany, and ''VEB Film und Chemiefaserwerk Agfa Wolfen'' in East Germany, which eventually rebranded as ORWO. The company was privatised in 1990 as ORWO AG, but film production ceased at Wolfen in 1994 following the l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Four-stroke Motorcycles
A four-stroke (also four-cycle) engine is an internal combustion (IC) engine in which the piston completes four separate strokes while turning the crankshaft. A stroke refers to the full travel of the piston along the cylinder, in either direction. The four separate strokes are termed: #Intake: Also known as induction or suction. This stroke of the piston begins at top dead center (T.D.C.) and ends at bottom dead center (B.D.C.). In this stroke the intake valve must be in the open position while the piston pulls an air-fuel mixture into the cylinder by producing a partial vacuum (negative pressure) in the cylinder through its downward motion. #Compression: This stroke begins at B.D.C, or just at the end of the suction stroke, and ends at T.D.C. In this stroke the piston compresses the air-fuel mixture in preparation for ignition during the power stroke (below). Both the intake and exhaust valves are closed during this stage. #Combustion: Also known as power or ignition. This is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VEB Fachbuchverlag Leipzig
The (''fv''; English: Specialist book publisher Leipzig) was an East German publisher. It continues to exist as an imprint of the Munich publishing firm Carl Hanser Verlag. Company history The publishing house was founded in early 1949 by several shareholders (including FDGB, ). The first managing director was . From 1960 to 1990 the specialist book publisher was a Volkseigener Betrieb (VEB) (English, "publicly owned enterprise"). It was one of the two most renowned technical-scientific publishers in the German Democratic Republic, whose specialist books were also widely distributed in the Federal Republic of Germany. The books were very popular with West-German students because of their low price, but above all because of the good didactics. It also published specialist journals. In 1995, the specialist book publisher was taken over by the Munich Carl Hanser Verlag and continued to exist there as an imprint. Under the brand, some of the editors of Carl Hanser Verlag continue t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elbewerft Boizenburg
Elbewerft Boizenburg was a German shipbuilding company, headquartered in Boizenburg. Since 1990 it has been part of the Deutschen Maschinen- und Schiffbau AG (DMS AG). History The boat workshop was founded by Franz Jürgen Lemm in 1793. The first steel ship was launched in 1895. The shipyard developed quickly, from Elbewerft, Boizenburger Werft to Thomsen & Co, in 1938. After World War II the shipyard was founded as VVW Elbewerft Boizenburg VEB on the basis of Thomsen & Co and after 1945 and the separation of Germany, the shipyard focused on markets in Eastern Europe. In 1970, after fusion with shipyard in Roßlau, Elbewerft Boizenburg became part of VEB Elbewerften Boizenburg/Roßlau, which was one of the most renowned state-owned shipyards of the German Democratic Republic. Ships built by VEB Elbewerften Boizenburg/Roßlau (selection) Fishcutters * Typ ''Havanna'' Bundesarchiv Bild 183-J0708-0016-001, Rostock, Fischkutter für Kuba.jpg, Young workers from Cuba Bundesarchiv Bil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deutsche Seereederei Rostock
AIDA Cruises is a German cruise line founded in the early 1960s and organized as a wholly owned subsidiary of Costa Crociere S.p.A., which in turn belongs to Carnival Corporation & plc. Based in Rostock, Germany, AIDA Cruises caters primarily to the German-speaking market; as seagoing "club resorts", AIDA ships have on-board amenities and facilities designed to attract younger, more active vacationers. As of September 2023, the cruise line operates 11 ships. AIDA Cruises has been Carnival-owned since 2003. History The company was founded in 1952 as VEB '' Deutsche Seereederei Rostock'' (German Shipping Company Rostock) as the German Democratic Republic's state-owned shipping company, based at Rostock, and became VEB Deutfracht/Seereederei Rostock in 1973. It began its passenger operations with '' Völkerfreundschaft'' ("Peoples' Friendship"), in the 1960s. After the reunification of Germany in the early 1990s Deutfracht/Seereederei Rostock was privatised and became Deutsche ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VEB Deutsche Schallplatten
The VEB Deutsche Schallplatten was the monopolistic music publisher in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) from the 1950s until the 1980s. The VEB Deutsche Schallplatten owned Amiga from 1954 to 1990. History On August 12, 1946, the German singer and actor Ernst Busch got permission by Soviet military administration to institute a publishing house for music. Originally called "Lieder der Zeit Musikverlag", VEB Deutsche Schallplatten was founded in 1947 by Ernst Busch, a socialist singer and actor. On April 1, 1953, the private GmbH-company had to change to a state-controlled VEB (Volkseigener Betrieb, "People-owned enterprise"). On March 18, 1955, the ''VEB Lied Der Zeit'' was renamed to ''VEB Deutsche Schallplatten Berlin''. In 1990, it became Deutsche Schallplatten GmbH Berlin (DSB). Labels Labels of VEB Deutsche Schallplatten included: * Amiga for contemporary pop, rock music and jazz * Eterna for classical music, operas, operettas * Litera for radio plays, p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustav Sobottka
Gustav Sobottka (12 July 1886 – 6 March 1953) was a German politician, a member of the Communist Party of Germany in exile during the Nazi era who returned in 1945 as head of the Sobottka Group and later worked in the East German government. Early life Gustav Sobottka was born in Turowen (Turowo), in the administrative district of Johannisburg (Pisz) in East Prussia. His father, Adam Sobottka, was a roofer and day laborer,Biographical details, Gustav Sobottka , Retrieved November 25, 2011 his mother was Auguste Sobottka. In 1895, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
