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Vitosha
Vitosha ( ), the ancient ''Scomius'' or ''Scombrus'', is a mountain massif, on the outskirts of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. Vitosha is one of the symbols of Sofia and the closest site for hiking, alpinism and skiing. Convenient bus lines and rope ways render the mountain easily accessible. Vitosha has the outlines of an enormous dome. The territory of the mountain includes Vitosha nature park that encompasses the best known and most frequently visited parts. The foothills of Vitosha shelter resort quarters of Sofia; Knyazhevo quarter has mineral water, mineral hot spring, springs. Vitosha is the oldest nature park in the Balkans. The mountain emerged as a result of volcanic activity and has been subsequently shaped by the slow folding of the granite rock layers and a series of gradual uplifts of the area. It appears dome shaped at first sight, but the mountain, 19 km long by 17 km wide, actually consists of concentric denudational plateaus rising in tiers one abov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sofia
Sofia is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain, in the western part of the country. The city is built west of the Iskar (river), Iskar river and has many mineral springs, such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths. It has a humid continental climate. Known as Serdica in Classical antiquity, antiquity, Sofia has been an area of human habitation since at least 7000 BC. The recorded history of the city begins with the attestation of the conquest of Serdica by the Roman Republic in 29 BC from the Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe, Celtic tribe Serdi. During the decline of the Roman Empire, the city was raided by Huns, Visigoths, Pannonian Avars, Avars, and Slavs. In 809, Serdica was incorporated into the First Bulgarian Empire by Khan (title), Khan Krum and became known as Sredets. In 1018, the Byzantine Empire, Byzantines ended Bulgarian rule until 1194, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cherni Vrah
Cherni Vrah ( , "Black Peak") is the summit of Vitosha Mountain in Bulgaria. Rising to 2290 m, the peak is the fourth highest mountain summit in the country after Musala (2925 m, Rila Mountain), Vihren (2914 m, Pirin Mountain), and Botev Vrah (2376 m, Balkan Range). Cherni Vrah is bounded to the northwest by Torfeno Branishte (Turf Nature Reserve) which — like the extensive adjacent territory to the south — is a no-go drinking water catchment area. Several major stone rivers are situated in the peak's vicinity, occupying the upper courses of Vladayska and Boyanska Rivers to the north, and Struma River to the south. The peak is part of the water divide between Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea, its northern slopes draining into Iskar River, and eventually into Danube River and Black Sea, and the southern slopes draining into Matnitsa River, flowing in turn into Struma River and Aegean Sea. Cherni Vrah hosts a weather station built in 1935, one y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malak Rezen
Malak Rezen ( / ‘Little Slice’) is a peak rising to 2,191 m in northeastern Vitosha Mountain in Bulgaria. The peak is situated 1.5 km northeast of the summit Cherni Vrah, and 1.3 km north by east of Golyam Rezen Peak, surmounting Stenata ski run and Aleko site to the north. Malak Rezen is accessible by the Romanski chair lift, and serves in turn as a convenient starting point for the three highest peaks of Vitosha Mountain — Cherni Vrah (2,290 m), Golyam Rezen (2,277 m), and Skoparnik (2,226 m). Rezen Knoll on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named for the peaks of Malak Rezen and Golyam Rezen. See also * Golyam Rezen * Vitosha * Mountains in Antarctica This is a list of all the ultra prominent peaks (with topographic prominence greater than 1,500 metres) in Antarctica. Some islands in the South Atlantic have also been included and can be found at the end of the list. Antarctica South At ... Ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lyulin Mountain
Lyulin () is a mountain range in western Bulgaria with an altitude of 1,256 meters above sea level. It is part of the Srednogorie mountain system that from west to east includes the mountain ranges of Greben (mountain), Greben, Zavalska Planina, Viskyar Mountain, Viskyar, Lyulin, Vitosha, Plana (mountain), Plana and Sredna Gora. Lyulin Peak on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after it. Geography Lyulin is situated between the Sofia Valley to the northeast, the Breznik Valley to the west, and the Pernik Valley to the southwest. To the northwest the Raduy Saddle (830 m) links it with Viskyar and to the southeast the Vladaya Pass links it to Vitosha. Its length in northwest–southeast direction is about 20 km; the width is 12–13 km. The main ridge of the mountain range is flat and rises to some 1,100–1,200 m asl with several rounded summits protruding from its crest. The highest one is Dupevitsa (1,256 m), sit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duhlata
Duhlata () is a cave situated in Vitosha mountain, western Bulgaria. With a total length of 18,200 m, Duhlata is the second longest (since 2022) cave in the country. It was declared a natural monument in 1962. The cave is home to six species of bats. Location Duhlata is situated in the south-western area of Vitosha on the left bank of the river Struma near the village of Bosnek, Pernik Province. The entrance of the cave is located at the very road between Bosnek and Chuypetlovo. Description The name of the cave originated from the sounds of the wind through its entrance, from Bulgarian ''духам'' (transl. ''duham''), meaning ''to whistle''. Duhlata is 18,200 m long and 53 m deep. The cave is well studied and mapped and boasts great diversity of speleothems. Duhlata is one of the most complex cave systems in Bulgaria and was created by underground currents of the Struma River. It is a maze of tunnels, galleries, underground lakes, waterfalls and sinter forma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plana (mountain)
Plana () is a mountain range in western Bulgaria with an altitude of 1,337 meters above sea level. It is part of the Srednogorie mountain system that from west to east includes the mountain ranges of Greben, Zavalska Planina Zavalska Planina () is a mountain range in Pernik Province, western Bulgaria, forming the westernmost part of the Zavalska– Plana chain of the Srednogorie mountain range system. The mountain range spans in direction northwest–southeast for ..., Viskyar, Lyulin, Vitosha, Plana and Sredna Gora. Plana Peak in Tangra Mountains on Livingston Island, Antarctica is named after it. Geography To the northeast and east the Pancharevo Gorge and the Iskar Reservoir form the boundary with Lozen Mountain and Vakarel Mountain, which are sub-divisions of Sredna Gora. To the southeast, south and southwest its slopes descend to the Samokov Valley; to the west the Yarema Saddle (1,290 m) links it to Vitosha. Plana has an oval shape, resembling that of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sofia Province
Sofia Province () is a province (''oblast'') of Bulgaria. The province does not include Sofia in its territories, but Sofia remains the seat of its administration. The province borders on the provinces of Pernik, Kyustendil, Blagoevgrad, Pazardzhik, Plovdiv, Lovech, Vratsa, Montana, and "Sofia City Province" (which is in a separate ''oblast'', see Sofia Administration), and borders with Serbia to the northwest. History Prehistory and antiquity Archaeological excavations near Chavdar suggest that the region has been settled by humans as early as 7,000 years ago. The earliest evidence of a mass settlement dates back to Thracian times, including ''tumuli'' (burial mounds) which remain poorly studied. According to Thucydides, the areas north of Vitosha were inhabited by the Tilataei and the Treri. The Triballi were also known to have inhabited the region around Serdica. The Serdi, a Celtic tribe that appeared in place of the vanished Treri and Tilataei, were first mentio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgaria
Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north. It covers a territory of and is the tenth largest within the European Union and the List of European countries by area, sixteenth-largest country in Europe by area. Sofia is the nation's capital and List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, largest city; other major cities include Burgas, Plovdiv, and Varna, Bulgaria, Varna. One of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Karanovo culture (6,500 BC). In the 6th to 3rd century BC, the region was a battleground for ancient Thracians, Persians, Celts and Ancient Macedonians, Macedonians; stability came when the Roman Empire conquered the region in AD 45. After the Roman state splintered, trib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pluton
In geology, an igneous intrusion (or intrusive body or simply intrusion) is a body of intrusive igneous rock that forms by crystallization of magma slowly cooling below the surface of the Earth. Intrusions have a wide variety of forms and compositions, illustrated by examples like the Palisades Sill of New York and New Jersey; the Henry Mountains of Utah; the Bushveld Igneous Complex of South Africa; Shiprock in New Mexico; the Ardnamurchan intrusion in Scotland; and the Sierra Nevada Batholith of California. Because the solid country rock into which magma intrudes is an excellent insulator, cooling of the magma is extremely slow, and intrusive igneous rock is coarse-grained ( phaneritic). Intrusive igneous rocks are classified separately from extrusive igneous rocks, generally on the basis of their mineral content. The relative amounts of quartz, alkali feldspar, plagioclase, and feldspathoid is particularly important in classifying intrusive igneous rocks. Intru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laccolith
A laccolith is a body of intrusive rock with a dome-shaped upper surface and a level base, fed by a conduit from below. A laccolith forms when magma (molten rock) rising through the Earth's crust begins to spread out horizontally, prying apart the host rock strata. The pressure of the magma is high enough that the overlying strata are forced upward, giving the laccolith its dome-like form. Over time, erosion can expose the solidified laccolith, which is typically more resistant to weathering than the host rock. The exposed laccolith then forms a hill or mountain. The Henry Mountains of Utah, US, are an example of a mountain range composed of exposed laccoliths. It was here that geologist Grove Karl Gilbert carried out pioneering field work on this type of intrusion. Laccolith mountains have since been identified in many other parts of the world. Description A laccolith is a type of igneous intrusion, formed when magma forces its way upwards through the Earth's crust but cool ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viskyar Mountain
Viskyar () is a mountain range in western Bulgaria with an altitude of 1,136 meters above sea level. It is part of the Srednogorie mountain system that from west to east includes the mountain ranges of Greben, Zavalska Planina, Viskyar, Lyulin, Vitosha, Plana and Sredna Gora. Viskyar Ridge on Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after it. Geography The mountain range is situated between the Burel Valley to the north, the Sofia Valley to the northeast, and the Breznik Valley to the south. To the southwest the Yaroslavska Saddle (964 m) links it with Zavalska Planina and to the southest the Raduy Saddle (830 m) links it with Lyulin. Its length in northwest–southeast direction is about 15 km; the width is 5–6 km at most. Viskyar is a low mountain range with a flat main ridge and short indented slopes. The highest summit is Chekanska Buka (1,136 m), situated in its northwesternmost part. Viskyar is built up of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massif
A massif () is a principal mountain mass, such as a compact portion of a mountain range, containing one or more summits (e.g. France's Massif Central). In mountaineering literature, ''massif'' is frequently used to denote the main mass of an individual mountain. As a purely scientific term in geology, however, a "massif" is separately and more specifically defined as a section of a planet's crust (geology), crust that is demarcated by geologic fault, faults or lithospheric flexure, flexures. In the plate tectonics, movement of the crust, a massif tends to retain its internal structure while being displaced as a whole. A massif is a smaller structural unit than a tectonic plate and is considered the fourth-largest driving force in geomorphology. The word "massif" originates from French (in which the word also means "massive"), where it is used to refer to a large mountain mass or compact group of connected mountains forming an independent portion of a range. The Cydonia (regi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
