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Vin Doux Naturel
Vin doux naturel (VDN) is a style of lightly fortified wine, typically made from white Muscat grapes or red Grenache grapes in the south of France. Appellations There are numerous appellations (Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée, AOC) for VDN, including: Corsica: * Muscat du Cap Corse Languedoc: * Muscat de Frontignan * Muscat de Lunel * Muscat de Mireval * Muscat de Saint-Jean-de-Minervois Rhône: * Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise * Rasteau Roussillon: * Banyuls * Maury * Muscat de Rivesaltes * Rivesaltes AOC Styles As the name suggests, Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise, Muscat de Rivesaltes and Muscat de Frontignan are all made from the white Muscat grape, whilst Banyuls and Maury are made from red Grenache. Other wines, like those of Rivesaltes AOC, can be made from red or white grapes. Regardless of the grape, fermentation is stopped by the addition of up to 10% of a 190 proof (95% abv) grape spirit. The Grenache vins doux naturels can be made in an oxidised or unoxidised ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rasteau Vdn
Rasteau (; ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Vaucluse Departments of France, department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regions of France, region in southeastern France. Town twins * Houyet, Belgium (since 1991) See also *Communes of the Vaucluse department *Rasteau AOC, a wine appellation covering Rasteau and some neighbouring communes References Communes of Vaucluse {{Vaucluse-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maury AOC
Maury () is an ''Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée'' (AOC) for fortified (wine), fortified ''vin doux naturel'' wines made in the Roussillon wine region of France (wine), France. Almost all wines are red, made from at least 75% Grenache noir (Garnacha). Other permitted grapes are Grenache blanc, Grenache gris, Macabeu (Macabeo), Malvoisie du Roussillon (Tourbat), Syrah, Muscat grape, Muscat and other local varieties.T. Stevenson, ed. ''The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia (5th Edition)'' pg 291 Dorling Kindersley (2011) Although the grapes are different, they are used and marketed very much like Port wine, port. It is made in the communes of Maury, Pyrénées-Orientales, Maury, Saint-Paul-de-Fenouillet, Lesquerde, Tautavel and Rasiguères. The AOC was granted in 1936.Clive Coates ''An Encyclopedia of the Wines and Domaines of France'' pgs 452-464 University of California Press; First Printing edition (June 2001) A. Domine (ed) ''Wine'' pgs 328-331 Ullmann Publishing 2008 H. Johnson & J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fortified Wine
Fortified wine is a wine to which a distilled spirit, usually brandy, has been added. In the course of some centuries, winemakers have developed many different styles of fortified wine, including port, sherry, madeira, Marsala, Commandaria wine, and the aromatised wine vermouth. Production One reason for fortifying wine was to preserve it, since ethanol is also a natural antiseptic. Even though other preservation methods now exist, fortification continues to be used because the process can add distinct flavors to the finished product. Although grape brandy is most commonly added to produce fortified wines, the additional alcohol may also be neutral spirit that has been made from grapes, grain, sugar beets or sugarcane. Regional appellation laws may dictate the types of spirit that are permitted for fortification. For example, in the U.S. only spirits made from the same fruit as the wine may be added. The source of the additional alcohol and the method of its disti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languedoc-Roussillon
Languedoc-Roussillon (; ; ) is a former regions of France, administrative region of France. On 1 January 2016, it joined with the region of Midi-Pyrénées to become Occitania (administrative region), Occitania. It comprised five departments of France, departments, and bordered the other French regions of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Rhône-Alpes, Auvergne, Midi-Pyrénées towards the north, and Spain, Andorra and the Mediterranean Sea towards the south. It was the southernmost region of mainland France. Toponymy The first part of the name of the province of Languedoc-Roussillon comes from the French ("language of "), and is also a Languedoc, historical region. In southern France, the word for ''yes'' was the Occitan language word . Prior to the 16th century, the central area of France was referred to as , there the word for ''yes'' was in Old French, later becoming . These old place names referred to the areas where Occitan and Old French were spoken. The Edict of Villers- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Montpellier
The University of Montpellier () is a public university, public research university located in Montpellier, in south-east of France. Established in 1220, the University of Montpellier is one of the List of oldest universities in continuous operation, oldest universities in the world. The university was split into three universities (the University of Montpellier 1, the Montpellier 2 University, University of Montpellier 2 and the Paul Valéry University, Montpellier III, Paul Valéry University Montpellier 3) for 45 years from 1970 until 2015 when it was subsequently reunified by the merger of the two former, with the latter, now named Paul Valéry University, Montpellier III, remaining a separate entity. History The university is associated with a papal bull issued by Pope Nicholas IV in 1289, combining various centuries-old schools into a university. The university is considerably older than its formal founding date, with the first statutes given by Conrad of Urach in 1220. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rosé
A rosé () is a type of wine that incorporates some of the wine color, color from the grape skins, but not enough to qualify it as a red wine. It may be the oldest known type of wine, as it is the most straightforward to make with the Maceration (wine), skin contact method. The pink color can range from a pale "onionskin" orange to a vivid near-purple, depending on the grape varieties used and winemaking techniques. Usually, the wine is labelled ''rosé'' in French, Portuguese, and English-speaking countries, rosado in Spanish, or rosato in Italian. There are three major ways to produce rosé wine: skin contact, ''saignée'', and Blending (alcohol production), blending. Rosé wines can be made still, Semi-sparkling wines, semi-sparkling or sparkling wine, sparkling and with a wide range of sweetness (wine), sweetness levels from highly dryness (taste), dry Provençal (wine), Provençal rosé to sweet White Zinfandels and blushes. Rosé wines are made from a wide variety of gra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grape Spirit
A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus ''Vitis''. Grapes are a non- climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters. The cultivation of grapes began approximately 8,000 years ago, and the fruit has been used as human food throughout its history. Eaten fresh or in dried form (as raisins, currants and sultanas), grapes also hold cultural significance in many parts of the world, particularly for their role in winemaking. Other grape-derived products include various types of jam, juice, vinegar and oil. History The Middle East is generally described as the homeland of grapes and the cultivation of this plant began there 6,000–8,000 years ago. Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the discovery of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proof (alcohol)
Alcohol proof (usually termed simply "proof" in relation to a beverage) is a measure of the content of ethanol (alcohol) in an alcoholic beverage. The term was originally used in England and from 1816 was equal to about 1.75 times the percentage of alcohol by volume (ABV). The United Kingdom today uses ABV instead of proof. In the United States, alcohol proof is defined as twice the percentage of ABV. The definition of proof in terms of ABV varies from country to country. The measurement of alcohol content and the statement of content on bottles of alcoholic beverages is regulated by law in many countries. In 1972, Canada phased out the use of "proof"; in 1973, the European Union followed suit; and the United Kingdom, where the concept originated, started using ABV instead in 1980. The United States Code mandates the use of ABV, but permits proof to be used also. The degree symbol (°) is sometimes used to indicate alcohol proof, either alone (e.g. 10°) or after a space and joi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rivesaltes AOC
Rivesaltes (; ) is an appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) for naturally sweet, fortified wines (vin doux naturel or VDN). The name refers to both a production region within Languedoc-Roussillon in southern France, and the style of sweet wines produced there. The Rivesaltes AOC designation of origin has been protected by INAO since 1972, combining several smaller protected designations created in 1936. Grapes and styles Rivesaltes AOC wines are similar to Muscat de Rivesaltes AOC wines, except the grape varieties are not restricted to Muscat. The wines are red or white. Rivesaltes blanc, using white grapes, appears amber in color, while Rivesaltes rouge appears darker. The main grapes used for white Rivesaltes wines are Grenache blanc, Grenache gris, Macabeu, and Malvoisie du Roussillon; Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains and Muscat of Alexandria are accessory varietals, which have to be less than 20 percent of the final product. The only grapes allowed for red Rivesaltes wines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muscat De Rivesaltes AOC
Muscat de Rivesaltes () is an ''Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée'' (AOC) for fortified wines (of the type ''vin doux naturel'') made in the Roussillon wine region of France. They are similar to Rivesaltes AOC wines, except for the grape varieties used. accessed April 6, 2010 The wines are white, and made from Muscat d'Alexandrie and Muscat à Petits Grains grapes, usually in equal quantities, although the appellation rules allow these varieties to be used in any proportion. The alcohol content must be at least 15 per cent by volume, the potential alcohol content at least 21.5 per cent, and the sugar content (fermentable sugars, glucose and fructose) of the finished wine at least 100 grams per liter. The AOC was created in 1956. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banyuls AOC
Banyuls () is a French ''appellation d'origine contrôlée'' (AOC) for a fortified apéritif or dessert wine made from old vines cultivated in terraces on the slopes of the Catalan Pyrenees in the Roussillon county of France, bordering, to the south, the Empordà wine region in Catalonia in Spain. The AOC production area is limited to four communes of the Côte Vermeille: Banyuls (from which the AOC takes its name), Cerbère, Collioure and Port-Vendres. The boundaries of the AOC are identical to those of the Collioure AOC. Banyuls Grand Cru is an AOC for superior wines that would otherwise be classified as simply Banyuls. They must be matured for 30 months. The grapes permitted are the same. Winemaking The production process, known in France as ''mutage'', is similar to that used to make Port. Alcohol is added to the must to halt fermentation while sugar levels are still high, preserving the natural sweetness of the grape. The wines are then matured in oak barrels, or o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fortified Wine
Fortified wine is a wine to which a distilled spirit, usually brandy, has been added. In the course of some centuries, winemakers have developed many different styles of fortified wine, including port, sherry, madeira, Marsala, Commandaria wine, and the aromatised wine vermouth. Production One reason for fortifying wine was to preserve it, since ethanol is also a natural antiseptic. Even though other preservation methods now exist, fortification continues to be used because the process can add distinct flavors to the finished product. Although grape brandy is most commonly added to produce fortified wines, the additional alcohol may also be neutral spirit that has been made from grapes, grain, sugar beets or sugarcane. Regional appellation laws may dictate the types of spirit that are permitted for fortification. For example, in the U.S. only spirits made from the same fruit as the wine may be added. The source of the additional alcohol and the method of its disti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
