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Vierkleur
The South African Republic, which existed from 1852 to 1877, 1881 to 1902, and 1914 to 1915, used two flags: (1) the so-called 'Vierkleur' () from 1857 to 1874, and again from 1875 to 1877 and 1881 to 1902, and (2) the so-called 'Burgers Flag' from 1874 to 1875. They were superseded by the flag of Transvaal. The Vierkleur was also used by the South African Republic declared in 1914 during the Maritz Rebellion, which lasted into February 1915. History In 1856, the Voortrekker territories north of the Vaal River agreed to unite as the "South African Republic". A constitution was drawn up and a flag designed. The flag, known as the ''Vierkleur'' () was raised in Potchefstroom on 6 January 1857, and was ratified by the Volksraad of the South African Republic (legislature) on 18 February 1858.Pama, C. (1965). ''Lions and Virgins''.Brownell, F.G. (1993). ''National and Provincial Symbols''. The Vierkleur was flown until October 1874. The new flag, introduced by state preside ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South African Republic
The South African Republic (, abbreviated ZAR; ), also known as the Transvaal Republic, was an independent Boer republics, Boer republic in Southern Africa which existed from 1852 to 1902, when it was annexed into the British Empire as a result of the Second Boer War. The ZAR was established as a result of the 1852 Sand River Convention, in which the Government of the United Kingdom, British government agreed to formally recognise independence of the Boers living north of the Vaal River. Relations between the ZAR and Britain started to deteriorate after the British Cape Colony expanded into the Southern African interior, eventually leading to the outbreak of the First Boer War between the two nations. The Boer victory confirmed the ZAR's independence; however, Anglo-ZAR tensions soon flared up again over various diplomatic issues. In 1899, war again broke out between Britain and the ZAR, which was swiftly occupied by British forces. Many Boer combatants in the ZAR Bittereinder, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of The Nieuwe Republiek
The flag of the Nieuwe Republiek was the official flag of this short-lived South African state from 1884 to 1888. History The Nieuwe Republiek ('New Republic') was established in north-western Zululand by a few hundred Boer farmers in August 1884 after they signed a treaty with the Zulu king. By agreement with the neighbouring South African Republic, it was incorporated into the ZAR in July 1888. The Volksraad (legislature) approved an official flag on 13 November 1884.Leverton, B.J. & Pringle, J.A. (1975). ''The Pioneers of Vryheid''. Description The flag was evidently inspired by the 'Vierkleur' Flag of the South African Republic. The colours were simply re-arranged, so that the horizontal bands were red, white and green, and the vertical bar was blue.Van Zyl, J.A. (1995). 'History of the Flags of South Africa before 1900' in ''SAVA Journal'' SJ 4/95.Burgers, A.P. (2008). ''The South African Flag Book''. The Volksraad resolution specified that a small Union Jack sho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of South African Flags
This article lists the flags of the various colonies and states that have existed in South Africa since 1652, as well as other flags pertaining to South Africa, including governmental, military, police and provincial flags. Overview The following flags have been used as the national flag of the Union of South Africa and the Republic of South Africa: History Historical flags (1652–1928) * Many flags were used in South Africa prior to Union of South Africa, political unification in 1910. * The original Dutch East India Company colony at the Cape of Good Hope (1652–1795) flew the Dutch flag, with the Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie, VOC logo in the centre. This flag was also flown during the period of Batavian Republic rule (1803–06). * The Boer Republics, i.e. the Orange Free State (1854–1902), the South African Republic (1857–1902), Stellaland (1882–85), Stellaland, Goshen (1883–85), the Nieuwe Republiek (1884–88), and the Klein Vrystaat (1886–1891) had t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coat Of Arms Of The Transvaal
The coat of arms of the Transvaal was the official heraldic symbol of the South African Republic from 1866 to 1877 and again from 1881 to 1902, and later the symbol of the Transvaal Province from 1954 to 1994 in a simplified form. It is now obsolete. History The South African Republic was established in 1857. On 18 February 1858, the Volksraad (legislature) resolved that the new state should have the following coat of arms: The earliest known appearance of the arms was on banknotes issued in 1866.Engelbrecht, C.L. (1987). ''Money in South Africa'' The crudely drawn arms were depicted as a shield with a lion, an anchor, and a man in the upper half, an ox-wagon in the lower half, and the motto ' Eendragt maakt magt' (sic, cf. Flag of the SAR) on a riband across the top. This rendition also appeared on the ''Staatscourant'' (government gazette) from 1867. A better version, in which the shield was divided into sections, an eagle was perched on top, and three flags were drape ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dirk Van Der Hoff
Dirk Van der Hoff (2 September 1814 in Dordrecht, Netherlands, – 9 October 1881 in Potchefstroom, South Africa) was minister of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk, one of the Dutch Reformed Churches in South Africa. Early life The second son of a shopkeeper, he went to the Latin school in Dordrecht and became a theological student at Leiden in 1833. His training was influenced by the newer, supernaturalistic theological trend. In May 1840, he passed the B.D. examination and was admitted to the ministry. He was never offered a post in the Netherlands, which at the time had a glut of young preachers. On 25 May 1845 he married Anna Maria van Otterloo in Dordrecht, fathered one daughter (in 1878) and two sons. While Van der Hoff waited for a call he undertook a number of journeys abroad. He considered emigrating to Cape Colony or Natal as a minister. When he met Professor U. G. Lauts, who was looking for clergymen and teachers for the Voortrekkers, he made up his mind. In 1852 Lauts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pretoria
Pretoria ( ; ) is the Capital of South Africa, administrative capital of South Africa, serving as the seat of the Executive (government), executive branch of government, and as the host to all foreign embassies to the country. Pretoria straddles the Apies River and extends eastward into the foothills of the Magaliesberg mountains. It has a reputation as an academic city and centre of research, being home to the Tshwane University of Technology (TUT), the University of Pretoria (UP), the University of South Africa (UNISA), the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), and the Human Sciences Research Council. It also hosts the National Research Foundation (South Africa), National Research Foundation and the South African Bureau of Standards. Pretoria was one of the host cities of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Pretoria is the central part of the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality which was formed by the amalgamation of several former local authorities, including B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of The Natalia Republic
The flag of the Natalia Republic was the official flag of this short-lived South African state, which existed from 1839 to 1843. History Emigrant Boers ('voortrekkers') from the Cape Colony established an independent state in 1839, on territory conquered from the Zulus. They named it 'Natalia'. It is uncertain what flag – if any – they flew at first, but on 24 December 1839 they raised a new flag at Port Natal (now Durban. The same flag was raised in the capital, Pietermaritzburg, in January 1840. British forces invaded the republic in May 1842 and occupied Pietermaritzburg two months later. The flag was probably discontinued at that time or shortly afterwards. After three years of military occupation, the United Kingdom formally annexed Natalia, as ' Natal', in May 1844. Andries Pretorius, former Prime Minister of the Natalia Republic, and his followers, arrived in Potchefstroom after the annexation of Natal to the United Kingdom and brought with him the flag whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Natal
The flag of Natal was the official flag of the South African colony of Natal from 1870 to 1910. It formed part of a system of colonial flags that were used throughout the British Empire. History In a series of decisions made in 1864, 1865, and 1869, the British government decided that every colony should have a distinctive badge, to be displayed on flags at sea. The governor was to display the badge in the centre of the Union Jack when travelling by sea; vessels owned by the colony's government were to display it in the fly of the Blue Ensign; and, with Admiralty permission, privately owned ships registered in the colony could display the badge in the fly of the Red Ensign. This system is still in operation in the remaining British overseas territories.Weekes, N. (2008). ''Colonial Flag Badges : A Chronology''. The Natal government chose its Public Seal as its first flag badge, in 1870. It was replaced in 1905 with a simpler design, which was used until the colony was inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Goshen
The flag of Goshen was the official flag of the short-lived South African territory of State of Goshen, Goshen from 1883 to 1885. It is currently used in the Cenotaph Hall of the Voortrekker Monument. History The state of Goshen arose from a war in Bechuanaland in 1881–82. It was established by a group of mercenaries who had fought in the war. Goshen's independence was short-lived, though, as it was occupied by British forces in March 1885, and was later incorporated into British Bechuanaland. The executive council resolved on 5 March 1883 that the flag which they had flown during the war would be the official flag of their new state. Description The flag was evidently modelled on the 'vierkleur' Flag of the South African Republic, as well as the tricolor of either the German Empire or Upingtonia. The official description was : Green against the hoist, and across from it black, white and red below each other. Ploeger, J. (1988). ' Die vlag en wapen van die Republiek Land Go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of The Cape Colony
The flag of Cape Colony was the official flag of the Cape Colony from 1876 to 1910. It formed part of a system of colonial flags that was used throughout the British Empire. History In a series of decisions made in 1864, 1865, and 1869, the UK's government decided that every colony should have a distinctive badge, to be displayed on flags at sea. The governor was to display the badge in the center of the Union Jack when travelling by sea; vessels owned by the colony's government were to display it in the fly of the Blue Ensign; and, with Admiralty permission, privately owned ships registered in the colony could display the badge in the fly of the Red Ensign. This system is still in operation in the remaining British overseas territories.Weekes, N. (2008). ''Colonial Flag Badges : A Chronology''. The Cape government was initially not in favor of the system but eventually complied with British government requests to adopt a flag badge. The Molteno ministry decided to introdu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RGB Color Model
The RGB color model is an additive color, additive color model in which the red, green, and blue primary colors of light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors. The name of the model comes from the initials of the three additive primary colors, red, green, and blue. The main purpose of the RGB color model is for the sensing, representation, and display of images in electronic systems, such as televisions and computers, though it has also been used in conventional photography and Light-emitting diode#RGB systems, colored lighting. Before the electronic age, the RGB color model already had a solid theory behind it, based in Trichromacy, human perception of colors. RGB is a ''device-dependent'' color model: different devices detect or reproduce a given RGB value differently, since the color elements (such as phosphors or dyes) and their response to the individual red, green, and blue levels vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, or even in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
