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Victoria Tristán
Leandra Josefa Victoria Tristán y Flores del Campo (January 13, 1823 – May 31, 1864) was the First Lady of Peru from 1851 to 1855, during her marriage to the President of Peru, José Rufino Echenique. The district of La Victoria in Lima was named in her honor. Biography Tristán was the daughter of Juan Pío de Tristán y Moscoso, who was appointed interim viceroy of Peru after the capitulation of Ayacucho, and of María Joaquina Flores del Campo y Tristán, both from Arequipa. Her family was one of the wealthiest families in Peru during the 19th century. She was the first cousin of Flora Tristán and the writer . On January 8, 1838, at the Sagrario Church, 14-year-old Victoria married General José Rufino Echenique, with whom she had nine children. Among her descendants would be General Juan Martín Echenique y Tristán, the banker and writer Alfredo Bryce Echenique. She was the owner of vast estates located in what is now the Park of the Exhibition in the district of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Lady Of Peru
The First lady or Gentleman of Peru (Spanish: ''Primera Dama o Primer caballero del Perú'') is the title held by the spouse or Keiko Fujimori, designated female family member of the president of Peru. The role usually fulfills functions of social work and accompanying the president. There have been a number of first ladies that have been foreign to Peru. History The first pioneer of political leadership in Peru was :es:María Delgado Romero, María Delgado de Odría, wife of President Manuel A. Odría, who developed extensive social work throughout the country aimed at those who needed it most. In September 1919, :es:Julia Swayne y Mariátegui, Julia Josefa Swayne y Mariátegui, wife of Augusto B. Leguía (who had assumed the presidency in July of that year), died in London, unable to accompany her husband during the eleven years that he ruled. In 1956, President Manuel Prado Ugarteche asked the Roman Rota to annul his marriage to :es:Enriqueta Garland Higginson, Enriqueta Gar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pontifical Catholic University Of Peru
Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (, PUCP) is a private university in Lima, Peru. It was founded in 1917 with the support and approval of the Catholic church, being the oldest private institution of higher learning in the country. The Peruvian historian and politician José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma would become his main benefactor by leaving him most of his assets as an inheritance, as it was then a more religious educational institution and linked to the Catholic Church; in contrast to his alma mater and original destination of his inheritance, the National University of San Marcos, where Riva-Agüero considered that liberal ideas and atheism predominated here. In July 2012, after an apostolic visitation, begun earlier, in 2011, by Peter Erdo, Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest, Hungary, the Holy See withdrew from the university the right under canon law (Catholic Church), canon law to use the titles ''Catholic'' and ''Pontifical'' in its name. Archbishop of Lima, Juan Luis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1864 Deaths
Events January * January 13 – American songwriter Stephen Foster (" Oh! Susanna", " Old Folks at Home") dies aged 37 in New York City, leaving a scrap of paper reading "Dear friends and gentle hearts". His parlor song " Beautiful Dreamer" is published in March. * January 16 – Denmark rejects an Austrian-Prussian ultimatum to repeal the Danish Constitution, which says that Schleswig-Holstein is part of Denmark. * January 21 – New Zealand Wars: The Tauranga campaign begins. February * February – John Wisden publishes '' The Cricketer's Almanack for the year 1864'' in England; it will go on to become the major annual cricket reference publication. * February 1 – Danish-Prussian War ( Second Schleswig War): 57,000 Austrian and Prussian troops cross the Eider River into Denmark. * February 15 – Heineken Brewery is founded in the Netherlands. *American Civil War: ** February 17 – The tiny Confederate hand-propelled subma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1823 Births
Events January–March * January 22 – By secret treaty signed at the Congress of Verona#Spanish Question, Congress of Verona, the Quintuple Alliance gives France a mandate to invade Spain for the purpose of restoring Ferdinand VII of Spain, Ferdinand VII (who has been captured by armed revolutionary liberals) as absolute monarch of the country. * January 23 – In Paviland Cave on the Gower Peninsula of Wales, William Buckland inspects the "Red Lady of Paviland", the first identification of a prehistoric (male) human burial (although Buckland dates it as Roman). * February 3 ** Jackson Male Academy, precursor of Union University, opens in Tennessee. ** Gioachino Rossini's opera ''Semiramide'' is first performed, at ''La Fenice'' in Venice. * February 10 – The first worldwide carnival parade takes place in Cologne, Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia. * February 11 – Carnival tragedy of 1823: About 110 boys are killed during a stampede at the Franciscan Church of St Mary of Je ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peruvian Women
Women in Peru represent a minority in both numbers and legal rights. Although historically somewhat equal to men, after the Spanish conquest the culture in what is now Peru became increasingly patriarchal. The patriarchal culture is still noticeable. Contraceptive Birth control, also known as contraception, anticonception, and fertility control, is the use of methods or devices to prevent pregnancy. Birth control has been used since ancient times, but effective and safe methods of birth control only be ... availability is not enough for the demand, and over a third of pregnancies end in abortion. Maternal death rates are also some of the highest in South America. The Government of Peru, Peruvian Government has begun efforts to combat the high maternal mortality rate and lack of female political representation, as well as violence against women. However, the efforts have not yet borne fruit. History Andean civilizations, Andean civilization is traditionally somewhat egalit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flora Tristan
Flore Célestine Thérèse Henriette Tristán y Moscoso (7 April 1803 – 14 November 1844), better known as Flora Tristan, was a French-Peruvian writer and socialist activist. She made important contributions to early feminist theory, and argued that the progress of women's rights was directly related with the progress of the working class. She wrote several works, the best known of which are ''Peregrinations of a Pariah'' (1838), ''Promenades in London'' (1840), and ''The Workers' Union'' (1843). Tristan was the grandmother of the painter Paul Gauguin. Early life Tristan's full name was Flore Célestine Thérèse Henriette Tristán y Moscoso. Her father, Mariano Eusebio Antonio Tristán y Moscoso, was a colonel of the Spanish Navy, born in Arequipa, a city in Peru. His family was one of the most powerful families in the south of the country; his brother Pío de Tristán became viceroy of Peru. Tristan's mother, Anne-Pierre Laisnay, was French; the couple met in Bilbao, Sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domingo Tristán
Domingo Pantaleón Tristan y Moscoso was a Peruvian general and politician. Biography Tristán was born in Arequipa on 27 July 1768. His parents were José Joaquín Tristán del Pozo y Carassa and María Mercedes Moscoso Pérez Oblitas, members of the Arequipa Creole high society. Among his brothers were Pío de Tristán, last viceroy of Peru. He studied in the city of Cuzco, he was later sent by his parents to Spain where he served for a time as a Midshipman in the Royal Navy, in 1791 he returned to Peru after being appointed colonel of the Majes Valley militias. In 1809 he was part of the army under the command of his cousin, General José Manuel de Goyeneche, against the Juntistas of Upper Peru. He repressed the Yungay uprising, defeating in Irupana the caudillo Manuel Victorio García Lanza who, together with Gabriel Antonio Castro, he pursued until the Indians under his command managed to capture them and cut off their heads, which were exhibited by Tristán in November 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congress Of Peru
The Congress of the Republic of Peru () is the unicameral body that assumes legislative power in Peru. Due to broadly interpreted impeachment wording in the Constitution of Peru, the President of Peru can be removed by Congress without cause, effectively making the legislature more powerful than the executive branch. Following a ruling in February 2023 by the Constitutional Court of Peru, the body tasked with interpreting the Constitution of Peru and whose members are directly chosen by Congress, judicial oversight of the legislative body was also removed by the court, essentially giving Congress absolute control of Peru's government. Since the 2021 Peruvian general election, right wing parties held a majority in the legislature. * * * * The largest represented leftist party in Congress, Free Peru, has subsequently aligned itself with conservative and Fujimorists parties within Congress due to their institutional power. Congress's composition is established by Chapter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cementerio Presbítero Matías Maestro
Presbyter Matías Maestro Cemetery (), formerly the General Cemetery of Lima (), is a cemetery, museum and historical monument located in the Barrios Altos neighbourhood of Lima District, in Lima, Peru. Inaugurated on May 31, 1808, it was the first pantheon in the city since burials were previously held in the city's churches. It was named in honour of its designer, Spanish priest . Its 766 mausoleums and 92 historical monuments of the most refined architecture of the 19th and 20th centuries keep the remains of several important political, military and literary figures of Peru, as well as the Crypt of Heroes () monument, a mausoleum erected in honor of the heroes of the War of the Pacific. History The General Cemetery of Lima was the first civil cemetery in America. It was initially faced with the opposition of the population that was accustomed to burying their dead in the atrium or under the churches and convents in crypts or catacombs. Its inauguration in 1808 was headed by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonio Gutiérrez De La Fuente
Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente (8 September 1796 – 14 March 1878) was a Peruvian politician who also served in the Peruvian military. He briefly served as President of Peru from June 7 to September 1, 1829. Gutiérrez de la Fuente was born in the silver-mining town of Huantajaya, Tarapacá, Peru (now Chile), in 1796. He was an officer in the Spanish forces, before joining the rebellion for independence. Strong partisan of Simón Bolívar they supported the 1823 coup. De la Fuente and Agustín Gamarra were made governors of southern States after Peruvian independence, with de la Fuente in charge of Arequipa. In 1826 they considered separating from Peru, but instead lead the movement to overthrow the government of José de La Mar with de la Fuente being named Vice President of Peru and taking the position of the President of the Republic until the General Agustín Gamarra succeeded him. Gutiérrez de la Fuente served as the Vice President of Peru from 1 September 1829 to 16 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberal Revolution Of 1854
The Liberal Revolution of 1854 (), also known as the Arequipa Revolution of 1854 (), was a popular insurrection that emerged in Peru during the government of José Rufino Echenique due to accusations of corruption. It was led by Domingo Elías, and Ramón Castilla. In the aftermath of the revolution, a new constitution was written. Background At the end of 1853, Domingo Elías had accused President Echenique of being "too generous" in paying the amount of the Consolidation debt for damages to individuals for damages of the War of Independence. Echenique then ordered the imprisonment of Elías and deported him. However, he then entered Tumbes from Ecuador, where he attempted a failed coup. Avoiding surveillance, he arrived in Ica and organized a group of militiamen to harass the government. Echenique commanded his troops and they fight in the surroundings of Cerro Saraja in a rather bloody battle on 7 January 1854, where about 150 supporters of Elías are killed. At the beg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peruvian Traditions
''Peruvian Traditions'' () is a compendium of some of the writings of the Peruvian writer Ricardo Palma. Introduction The writings, which are collectively known as the ''Tradiciones'', started appearing in 1863 in newspapers and magazines. They are short stories of historical fiction that relate events based on historical fact and that are descriptive of the way people lived in different moments in the Peruvian history. Their value as historical sources is limited, but their literary value is great. Some of the ''Tradiciones peruanas'' have been translated into English under the title ''The Knights of the Cape and Thirty-seven Other Selections from the Tradiciones Peruanas of Ricardo Palma'' (ed. Harriet de Onís, 1945) and more recently under the title ''Peruvian Traditions'' (ed. Christopher Conway and trans. Helen Lane, Oxford University Press, 2004). Characteristics Some of the key characteristics of the ''Traditions'' are: *Use of popular language full of proverbs, sayings, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
