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Verzetsherdenkingskruis
The Resistance Memorial Cross or Resistance Commemorative Cross () is a medal awarded in the Netherlands to members of the Dutch resistance during the Second World War. The medal was instituted by Royal Decree (No. 104) on 29 December 1980, after the 35th anniversary of the liberation of the Netherlands. It is worn after the War Memorial Cross and before the Medal for Order and Peace. The cross is only awarded at the request of a person eligible to receive it. Approximately 15,000 have been awarded, recorded in the ''Gedenkenboek verzetsherdenkingskruis''. In 1982, the following US Army Divisions were awarded the Resistance Memorial Cross for their actions in the Second World War.: * 2nd Armored Division * 7th Armored Division *82nd Airborne Division *101st Airborne Division * 30th Infantry Division * 104th Infantry Division Criteria The Resistance Memorial Cross may be awarded to: *Members of resistance groups recognised in the Royal Decree dated 5 September 1944 or to any resi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hendrika Gerritsen
Hendrika Jacoba "Kiky" Gerritsen-Heinsius (12 April 1921 – 27 December 1990) was recognized by Yad Vashem as Righteous Among the Nations on 15 September 1989, and was also awarded the Verzetsherdenkingskruis (Resistance Memorial Cross) by the Dutch government. A member of the Dutch Resistance who actively helped Dutch men and women escape Nazi persecution, she survived imprisonment at three Nazi concentration camps – Herzogenbusch (Vught) in the Netherlands and Ravensbrück and Dachau in Germany, as well as the harsh working conditions of the Munich-Giesing satellite camp known as Agfa-Commando, becoming one of those liberated from Dachau at the end of April, 1945. She was known to family and friends as "Kiky". Formative years Born in Amsterdam, Netherlands on 12 April 1921, her birth name was Hendrika Jacoba Heinsius. Following her marriage to Piet Gerritsen, she became Hendrika Jacoba Gerritsen-Heinsius. World War II Residing alone in Amsterdam and employed at tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verzetsherdenkingskruis 1940-1945
The Resistance Memorial Cross or Resistance Commemorative Cross () is a medal awarded in the Netherlands to members of the Dutch resistance during the Second World War. The medal was instituted by Royal Decree (No. 104) on 29 December 1980, after the 35th anniversary of the liberation of the Netherlands. It is worn after the War Memorial Cross and before the Medal for Order and Peace. The cross is only awarded at the request of a person eligible to receive it. Approximately 15,000 have been awarded, recorded in the ''Gedenkenboek verzetsherdenkingskruis''. In 1982, the following US Army Divisions were awarded the Resistance Memorial Cross for their actions in the Second World War.: *2nd Armored Division (United States), 2nd Armored Division *7th Armored Division (United States), 7th Armored Division *82nd Infantry Division (United States), 82nd Airborne Division *101st Infantry Division (United States), 101st Airborne Division *30th Infantry Division (United States), 30th Infantry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ina Boekbinder
Catharina Aaltjen Boekbinder (September 5, 1915 – December 13, 1987) was a member of the Dutch Resistance during World War II. Known to family and friends as "Ina Boekbinder," she used the alias, "Catharina Weesing," during her resistance work. In 1981, she was awarded the Verzetsherdenkingskruis (Resistance Memorial Cross) by the Dutch government for her work as a freedom fighter and for her efforts to protect Jewish men, women and children in the Netherlands from persecution and deportation by Nazi officials. Formative years Born on 5 September 1915 in Assen, in the province of Drenthe, Netherlands, Ina Boekbinder was the youngest daughter of Rosina (Levie) Boekbinder (1884–1969), a native of Leek, and Lambertus Lodewijk Boekbinder (1884–1937), a native of Borger who operated a textile firm from in Assen. She and her sister, Betje Catharina (1912-1991) grew up in Assen. During the 1920s, they were enrolled at School 1 in Assen (later known as Noordersingelschool). Ina Bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cornelis Pieter Van Den Hoek
Cornelis Pieter "Piet" van den Hoek (7 June 1921 – 12 February 2015) was a Dutch resistance fighter during World War II. Van den Hoek was one of the few knights of the Dutch Military William Order. Resistance fighter In 1942 Van den Hoek was arrested by the Germans and brought to a labor camp in Cologne. During his leave in November 1943 he went into hiding. He found a place to hide on a houseboat in De Biesbosch, where already three others were hiding. They were supplied by the Onderduikersdienst, a service for people that were in hiding. While in hiding he joined the resistance and joined the group 'De Partizanen van de Biesbosch'. He became one of 21 so called line-crossers and, in the words of the royal order: distinguished himself in battle by committing excellent acts of bravery, planning and loyalty during the end of 1944 and the beginning of 1945, on behalf of the Bureau of Information of the Dutch Government, maintaining a secret connection between occupied and libe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dutch Resistance
The Dutch resistance () to the History of the Netherlands (1939–1945), German occupation of the Netherlands during World War II can be mainly characterized as non-violent. The primary organizers were the Communist Party of the Netherlands, Communist Party, churches, and independent groups. Over 300,000 people were hidden from German authorities in the autumn of 1944 by 60,000 to 200,000 illegal landlords and caretakers. These activities were tolerated knowingly by some one million people, including a few individuals among German occupiers and military.L. de Jong: Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog. The Dutch resistance developed relatively slowly, but the February strike of 1941 (which involved random police harassment and the deportation of over 400 Jews) greatly stimulated resistance. The first to organize themselves were the Dutch communists, who set up a cell-system immediately. Some other very amateurish groups also emerged, notably, De Geuzen, set ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaap Burger
Jacobus Albertus Wilhelmus "Jaap" Burger (20 August 1904 – 19 August 1986) was a Dutch politician of the Social Democratic Workers' Party (Netherlands), Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP) and later co-founder of the Labour Party (Netherlands), Labour Party (PvdA) and jurist. He was granted the honorary title of Minister of State (Netherlands), Minister of State on 4 January 1975. Early life and education Burger attended a Gymnasium (school), gymnasium in Rotterdam from April 1917 until May 1923 and applied at the University of Amsterdam in July 1923 majoring in Law and obtaining a Bachelor of Laws degree in June 1925 before graduating with a Master of Laws degree in July 1929. Burger worked as a lawyer in Dordrecht from October 1929 until December 1942. On 10 May 1940 Nazi Germany Battle of the Netherlands, invaded the Netherlands and the Dutch government-in-exile, government fled to London to escape the Netherlands in World War II, German occupation. Burger joined the Du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coosje Ayal
Costavina Aya "Coosje" Ayal (15 April 1926 – 28 March 2015) was a resistance fighter in Western New Guinea during World War II. She gained fame as the sole female survivor of the only guerrilla group in the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) that held out during the Japanese occupation. Biography Coosje Ayal was born in the village of Titawaai on the island of Nusa Laut in the Moluccas. When Ayal was six years old, she was adopted by her aunt Tina and uncle Seth Nahuway and moved to Manokwari, Western New Guinea. Because her uncle was a civil servant of the Dutch colonial government, she went to a Dutch school, where she learned the Dutch language. During the Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies, Ayal's uncle was called upon by the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (, KNIL) to hide weapons, food and ammunition in the jungle. When the Japanese fleet entered Dore Bay on 12 April 1942, an armed militia of 62 persons–of which sixteen-year-old Coosje Ayal was a mem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema
Siebren Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema (3 April 1917 – 26 September 2007) was a Dutch writer who became a resistance fighter and RAF pilot during the Second World War. Near the end of the war he was adjudant (assistant) to Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, Queen Wilhelmina. He was made Knight 4th class of the Military William Order. He is perhaps best known for his book (Soldier of Orange) which described his experiences in the war. His book was later made into a film. The book and the film about it eventually were made into the most successful Dutch Soldier of Orange (musical), musical ever, premiering 30 October 2010. Early life Roelfzema was born in the former Netherlands East Indies, Dutch East Indies in Surabaya, on Java, when it was under colonial rule. He was from a patrician family, which is listed in the . He was the second child of Siebren Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema and his wife Cornelia Vreede. His older sister, Ellen, had been born two years before. His father managed rubbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bert Haanstra
Albert Haanstra (; 31 May 1916 – 23 October 1997) was a Dutch director of films and documentaries. His documentary ''Glass'' (1958) won the Academy Award for Documentary Short Subject in 1959. His feature film '' Fanfare'' (1958) was the most visited Dutch film at the time, and has since only been surpassed by '' Turkish Delight'' (1973). Early life Albert Haanstra was born on 31 May 1916 in Espelo, a small village near Holten, in the Netherlands. His father was Folkert Haanstra, a schoolteacher, and his mother Jansje Schuiveling. Haanstra grew up in the village of Goor. Because he lived during the poverty of the 1920s, Haanstra grew up with the mindset that to get the most out of life, he would need to work hard and live below his means to survive. Haanstra's father retired early as a schoolteacher and started his lifelong dream of becoming a painter. Haanstra himself, after realizing teaching didn't interest him, became a painter himself and started experimenting w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Gröger
Karl Gröger (; 7 February 1918 - 1 July 1943) was a member of a Dutch resistance group executed in 1943. In collaboration with a Dutch resistance group, he destroyed the registration of address office of Amsterdam, thereby destroying file cards of Dutch people which would have faced forced labour and deportation to concentration camps. In 1943 the SS and police court sentenced him to death in The Hague. He was given the title "Righteous Among the Nations" in 1986 by Yad Vashem. Family Karl Gröger was born 7 February 1918 in Vienna, Austria, to Frieda Neuhauser Groeger and Karl Groeger. His mother, Frieda (9/03/1887 Vinkovcze,(?)Croatia. d. 1975, Chicago, Il. U S A.),was the child of two Jewish parents, Josef Neuhauser and Karolina Neuhauser nee Spitzer. Frieda had herself baptized as Roman Catholic in order to further her budding career as an opera singer. She appeared as a Valkyrie in Wagner's most famous opera at the Stadtsopera in Vienna in 1914. His father was Karl G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sietje Gravendaal-Tammens
Sietje Gravendeel-Tammens (29 July 1914 – 27 September 2014) was a Dutch resistance leader and teacher. In 1944, she was sentenced to death, but survived because the sentence needed approval from Berlin. Biography Sietje Tammens was born on a farm near Kloosterburen as the oldest of eight children. At first she wanted to become a Dutch Reformed pastor despite not being raised religiously. Ultimately she chose to study at a training college to become a teacher. In 1939, she left for Groningen as a private teacher for a mentally handicapped son of a professor. During this period, she specialized in speech-language pathology. World War II In late 1941, Tammens became a teacher at a BLO school, special education for boys with learning difficulties. She found refuge for a Jewish boy from her school and his brother at a farm, which marked her first act of resistance. Her activities increased, and soon her house was used as a temporary shelter for refugees, and storage for stolen rati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joke Folmer
Johanna Maria "Joke" Folmer (9 July 1923 – 11 December 2022) was a Dutch resistance member during World War II. Life Shortly after her birth, Folmer moved with her parents to the Dutch East Indies where she lived until the age of 16. At the time of the 1940 German invasion of the Netherlands she was seventeen years old and attended the lyceum in Zeist. By delivering homework to a Jewish friend, she came into contact with the Dutch resistance. She became a courier for the ''Fiat Libertas'' group. She smuggled over three hundred people across the border, including 120 Allied pilots. In September 1943 the group was betrayed. Folmer was sentenced to death and imprisoned in, among others, the Oranjehotel, the prison in Utrecht and Herzogenbusch concentration camp. Her execution was prevented by the evacuation of the camp on Dolle Dinsdag. As a Nacht und Nebel prisoner, she went to multiple German prisons. Because she was moved so often, her death sentence papers were never at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
