|
Vertical Resistance
The term vertical resistance, used commonly in the context of plant selection, was first used in 1963 by James Edward Van der Plank to describe single-gene resistance. This contrasted with the term Horizontal Resistance, horizontal resistance which was used to describe many-gene resistance. In 1976, Raoul A Robinson, Raoul A. Robinson adapted the original definition of vertical resistance and argued that in vertical resistance there were individual genes for resistance in the host plant and also individual genes for parasitic ability in the parasite. This phenomenon is known as the gene-for-gene relationship, and it was the defining character of vertical resistance. References Phytopathology Molecular biology {{genetics-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Edward Van Der Plank
James may refer to: People * James (given name) * James (surname) * James (musician), aka Faruq Mahfuz Anam James, (born 1964), Bollywood musician * James, brother of Jesus * King James (other), various kings named James * Prince James (other) * Saint James (other) Places Canada * James Bay, a large body of water * James, Ontario United Kingdom * James College, York, James College, a college of the University of York United States * James, Georgia, an unincorporated community * James, Iowa, an unincorporated community * James City, North Carolina * James City County, Virginia ** James City (Virginia Company) ** James City Shire * James City, Pennsylvania * St. James City, Florida Film and television * James (2005 film), ''James'' (2005 film), a Bollywood film * James (2008 film), ''James'' (2008 film), an Irish short film * James (2022 film), ''James'' (2022 film), an Indian Kannada-language film * "James", a television Adventure Time (season 5)#ep42, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raoul A Robinson
Raoul A. Robinson (September 25, 1928 in Saint Helier, Jersey - 25 July 2014) was a Canadian/British plant scientist with more than forty years of wide-ranging global experience in crop improvement for both commercial and subsistence agriculture. He is best known for his application of system theory to crop pathosystems and the elucidation of the concepts of horizontal and vertical resistance and their implication on breeding for durable resistance. Education He was educated at Victoria College, Jersey,Victoria College Register 1929-56 and graduated from the University of Reading The University of Reading is a public research university in Reading, Berkshire, England. It was founded in 1892 as the University Extension College, Reading, an extension college of Christchurch College, Oxford, and became University College, ... in 1951. Career Over the course of his adventurous and productive career, Robinson concentrated most intensively on maize, potatoes, beans, and coffe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene-for-gene Relationship
The gene-for-gene relationship is a concept in plant pathology that plants and their diseases each have single genes that interact with each other during an infection. It was proposed by Harold Henry Flor who was working with rust (''Melampsora lini'') of flax ('' Linum usitatissimum''). Flor showed that the inheritance of both resistance in the host and parasite ability to cause disease is controlled by pairs of matching genes. One is a plant gene called the resistance (''R'') gene. The other is a parasite gene called the avirulence (''Avr'') gene. Plants producing a specific R gene product are resistant towards a pathogen that produces the corresponding ''Avr'' gene product. Gene-for-gene relationships are a widespread and very important aspect of plant disease resistance. Another example can be seen with '' Lactuca serriola'' versus '' Bremia lactucae''. Clayton Oscar Person was the first scientist to study plant pathosystem ratios rather than genetics ratios in host-paras ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phytopathology
Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Plant pathology involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases. Plant pathogenicity Plant pathogens, organisms that cause infectious plant diseases, include fungus, fungi, oomycetes, bacterium, bacteria, plant virus, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. In most plant pathosystems, virulence depends on hydrolases and enzymes that degrade the cell wall. The vast majority of these act on pectins (for example, pectinesterase, pectate lyase, and pectinases). For microbes, the cell wall polysaccharides are both a food source and a barrier to be over ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
