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Vermilacinia
''Vermilacinia'', a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Ramalinaceae, is a yellow-green fruticose type of lichen with about 30 species that grow on rocks, trees, and soil within the fog zone along the Pacific Coast of North America and South America.Spjut, R. W. ''Niebla'' and ''Vermilacinia'' (Ramalinaceae) from California and Baja California. Sida Miscellany 14 The genus name refers to the thallus being divided into narrow worm-like (vermis) branches (lacinia);the latter part of the name (lacinia) generally applied in descriptions and taxonomic keys such as exemplified in a key to Sonoran Desert species of ''Ramalina''. The species of ''Vermilacinia'' are classified in two subgenera: subgenus ''Cylindricaria'' and subgenus ''Vermilacinia''. Subgenus ''Cylindricaria'', which includes 10+ species (type: ''Vermilacinia corrugata'' Spjut) that grow mostly on shrubs, is distinguished by a thin membranous pliable cortex (an outer skin-like layer composed of gelatinized hyphal c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niebla (lichen)
''Niebla'' is a genus of yellow-green fruticose lichens that grow on rocks, trees, and shrubs within the fog zone of coastal North America,Brodo, I. M., S. D. Sharnoff, and S. Sharnoff. 2001. Lichens of North America. Yale University Press: New Haven. or more narrowly defined to occur on rocks and soil along the Pacific Coast from Mendocino County in California south to Baja California Sur.Spjut, R. W. 1996. ''Niebla'' and ''Vermilacinia'' (Ramalinaceae) from California and Baja California. Sida Miscellany 14, pp. 1-208. Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Inc., Fort Worth. Taxonomy The genus name is a substitute nameRundel, P.W. and P.A. Bowler, 1978. ''Niebla'', a new generic name for ''Desmazieria'' (Ramalinaceae). Mycotaxon 6: 497–499 for ''Desmazieria'', a homonym created by Camille Montagne in 1852 who recognized only one species in the genus (''D. homalea''); however, the name ''Desmazeria'', although not spelled exactly the same but nevertheless considered to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramalina
''Ramalina'' is a genus of greenish fruticose lichens that grow in the form of flattened, strap-like branches. Members of the genus are commonly called strap lichensField Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, or cartilage lichens. Apothecia are lecanorine. Lichen spot tests on the cortex are K−, C−, KC+ dark yellow, and P−. It is in the Ramalinaceae and in the suborder Lecanorineae. Distribution The genus has a widespread distribution. A 2008 estimate placed more than 240 species in ''Ramalina''. Species *'' R. ailaoshanensis'' – China *'' R. alisiosae'' – Canary Islands *'' R. americana'' – North America *'' R. andina'' – Venezuela *'' R. arabum'' *'' R. arsenii'' – Europe *'' R. azorica'' – Azores *'' R. australiensis'' *'' R. banzarensis'' *'' R. breviuscula'' *'' R. caespitella'' – Australia *'' R. calcarata'' – East Africa *'' R. calicaris'' *'' R. canalicularis'' *'' R. canariensis'' *'' R. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramalinaceae
The Ramalinaceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the order Lecanorales. The family name is synonymous with the name ''Bacidiaceae''. Species of this family have a widespread distribution. Genera *'' Aciculopsora'' *''Adelolecia'' *'' Arthrosporum'' *'' Bacidia'' *''Bacidina'' *'' Bacidiopsora'' *''Badimia'' *'' Bibbya'' *'' Biatora'' *'' Bilimbia'' *'' Catinaria'' *''Cenozosia'' *'' Cliostomum'' *'' Compsocladium'' *'' Coppinsidea'' *'' Crocynia'' *'' Echidnocymbium'' *'' Frutidella'' *''Heppsora'' *''Herteliana'' *''Japewia'' *'' Jarmania'' *''Krogia'' *'' Lecania'' *'' Lopezaria'' *'' Lueckingia'' *''Myelorrhiza'' *'' Phyllopsora'' *''Physcidia'' *''Ramalina'' *'' Ramalinopsis'' *''Rolfidium'' *'' Schadonia'' *''Scutula'' *'' Stirtoniella'' *'' Thamnolecania'' *'' Tibellia'' *'' Toninia'' *''Toniniopsis'' *''Triclinum ''Triclinum'' is a genus of lichenized fungi A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemotype
A chemotype (sometimes chemovar) is a chemically distinct entity in a plant or microorganism, with differences in the composition of the secondary metabolites. Minor genetic and epigenetic changes with little or no effect on morphology or anatomy may produce large changes in the chemical phenotype. Chemotypes are often defined by the most abundant chemical produced by that individual and the concept has been useful in work done by chemical ecologists and natural product chemists. With respect to plant biology, the term "chemotype" was first coined by Rolf Santesson and his son Johan in 1968, defined as, "...chemically characterized parts of a population of morphologically indistinguishable individuals."Keefover-Ring K, Thompson JD, and Linhart YB. 2009. Beyond six scents: defining a seventh ''Thymus vulgaris'' chemotype new to southern France by ethanol extraction. ''Flavour and Fragrance Journal'', 24(3): 117-122. doi:10.1002/ffj.1921 In microbiology, the term "chemoform" or "che ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mildew
Mildew is a form of fungus. It is distinguished from its closely related counterpart, mould, largely by its colour: moulds appear in shades of black, blue, red, and green, whereas mildew is white. It appears as a thin, superficial growth consisting of minute hyphae ( fungal filaments) produced especially on living plants or organic matter such as wood, paper or leather. Both mould and mildew produce distinct offensive odours, and both have been identified as the cause of certain human ailments. In horticulture, mildew is either species of fungus in the order Erysiphales, or fungus-like organisms in the family '' Peronosporaceae''. It is also used more generally to mean mould growth. In Old English, mildew meant honeydew (a substance secreted by aphids on leaves, formerly thought to distill from the air like dew), and later came to mean mould or fungus. Mildew grows on damp cloth, leather, or on plants, and growing on leaves can damage the plant. Household varieties The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbarium
A herbarium (plural: herbaria) is a collection of preserved plant specimens and associated data used for scientific study. The specimens may be whole plants or plant parts; these will usually be in dried form mounted on a sheet of paper (called '' exsiccatum'', plur. ''exsiccata'') but, depending upon the material, may also be stored in boxes or kept in alcohol or other preservative. The specimens in a herbarium are often used as reference material in describing plant taxa; some specimens may be types, some may be specimens distributed in series called exsiccatae. The same term is often used in mycology to describe an equivalent collection of preserved fungi, otherwise known as a fungarium. A xylarium is a herbarium specialising in specimens of wood. The term hortorium (as in the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium) has occasionally been applied to a herbarium specialising in preserving material of horticultural origin. History The making of herbaria is an ancient phenome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soredium
Soredia are common reproductive structures of lichens. Lichens reproduce asexually by employing simple fragmentation and production of soredia and isidia. Soredia are powdery propagules composed of fungal hyphae wrapped around cyanobacteria or green algae. These can be either scattered diffusely across the surface of the lichen's thallus Thallus (plural: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or " twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. Many of these organisms ..., or produced in localized structures called soralia. Fungal hyphae make up the basic body structure of lichen. The soredia are released through openings in the upper cortex of the lichen structure. After their release, the soredia disperse to establish the lichen in a new location. References Fungal morphology and anatomy Lichenology {{lichen-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Efflorescence
In chemistry, efflorescence (which means "to flower out" in French) is the migration of a salt to the surface of a porous material, where it forms a coating. The essential process involves the dissolving of an internally held salt in water, or occasionally in another solvent. The water, with the salt now held in solution, migrates to the surface, then evaporates, leaving a coating of the salt. In what has been described as "primary efflorescence", the water is the invader and the salt was already present internally, and a reverse process, where the salt is originally present externally and is then carried inside in solution, is referred to as "secondary efflorescence". Efflorescences can occur in natural and built environments. On porous construction materials it may present a cosmetic outer problem only (primary efflorescence causing staining), but can sometimes indicate internal structural weakness (migration/degradation of component materials). Efflorescence may clog the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mason Ellsworth Hale
Mason Ellsworth Hale, Jr. (September 23, 1929 – April 23, 1990) was one of the most prolific lichenologists of the 20th century. Many of his scholarly articles focused on the taxonomy of the family Parmeliaceae. Hale was one of the first lichen experts to incorporate secondary chemistry and technology such as computers and scanning electron microscopy into taxonomic work. Mason Hale published approximately two hundred articles and books on various aspects of lichen biology including taxonomy, anatomy, chemistry, and ecology. Hale also wrote several books aimed at education and increasing accessibility to lichens. Early life and education Mason Hale Jr. grew up on a farm outside of Winsted, Connecticut. He had an affinity towards biology from experiences from living on his family's farm. As an undergraduate, Hale wanted to be a linguist, but was not able to take specialized classes. Instead, he earned an undergraduate degree studying biology at Yale University, where he studied ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zeorin
Zeorin is a triterpene with the molecular formula C30H52O2 which occurs in many lichens A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Lichen products Pentacyclic compounds Alcohols Zeorin {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baja California
Baja California (; 'Lower California'), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Baja California ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Baja California), is a state in Mexico. It is the northernmost and westernmost of the 32 federal entities of Mexico. Before becoming a state in 1952, the area was known as the North Territory of Baja California (). It has an area of (3.57% of the land mass of Mexico) and comprises the northern half of the Baja California Peninsula, north of the 28th parallel, plus oceanic Guadalupe Island. The mainland portion of the state is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean; on the east by Sonora, the U.S. state of Arizona, and the Gulf of California; on the north by the U.S. state of California; and on the south by Baja California Sur. The state has an estimated population of 3,769,020 as of 2020, significantly higher than the sparsely populated Baja California Sur to the south, and similar to San Diego County, California, to its north. Over 75% of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stictic Acid
Stictic acid is an aromatic organic compound, a product of secondary metabolism in some species of lichens. Stictic acid is the subject of preliminary biomedical research. Stictic acid has cytotoxic and apoptotic effects ''in vitro''. Computational studies suggest stictic acid may also stimulate p53 p53, also known as Tumor protein P53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory protein that is often mutated in human cancers. The p53 proteins (originally thought to be, and often s ... reactivation. References Phenolic acids Phenol ethers Oxygen heterocycles Lactones Lichen products {{aromatic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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