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Vedic Learning In Mithila
Sanskrit and Vedic learning, also called Vedic studies, started in Mithila with the expansion of Vedic and Brahmanic culture eastwards along the Ganges plain. From the 12th/13th to 15th century CE, Mithila was an important centre of Nyaya Shastra and logical sciences. History The Ramayana refers to the court of King Janaka in Mithila, attracting scholars and philosophers. In the text Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, there is reference of the famous scholarly Yajna known as Bahudakshina Yajna, in which Brahmin scholars from different parts of the Indian subcontinent participated for Shastrartha at the court of King Janaka. During the Gupta period Mithila was a center for disputes between Buddhists, Jains and Brahmins, with prominent Mimamsa authors writing defenses of Vedic ritual. Education took place through "Tols, Pathshāla and Chatušpathi or Chaupari,"Pritam Kumar GuptaIdeology, Identity and Pragmatism: Formation of the Medieval Mithila Int. J. Ad. Social Sciences. 2017; 5(4 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanskrit And Vedic Learning
Sanskrit learning, also called Brahminic learning, Sanskrit education, and Sanskrit culture, is the traditional study and transmission of Indian religious and secular knowledge preserved in Sanskrit texts. Vedic learning (''svādhyāya'') is specifically the tradition of oral transmission and learning by heart of the Vedic mantras as preserved in the Vedas and the post-Vedic smriti and shastra, and auxiliary traditions (''vedanga'') which concern the proper understanding and interpretation of Sanskrit, and the proper execution of the Vedic rituals. Etymology and context "Sanskrit learning" is a broad category, referring to the study and transmission of religious and secular knowledge preserved in Sanskrit texts. "Vedic learning" (''svādhyāya'') concerns the correct recitation, and the understanding of their sacred meaning, of the Vedic mantras, liturgical hymns of the Vedic people. These were composed in the early Vedic period (ca. 1500–900 BCE) by the Vedic people, and expa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nyāya Sūtras
The ''Nyāya Sūtras'' is an ancient Indian Sanskrit text composed by , and the foundational text of the Nyaya school of Hindu philosophy. The date when the text was composed, and the biography of its author is unknown, but variously estimated between 6th-century BCE and 2nd-century CE.Jeaneane Fowler (2002), Perspectives of Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Hinduism, Sussex Academic Press, , page 129 The text may have been composed by more than one author, over a period of time. The text consists of five books, with two chapters in each book, with a cumulative total of 528 aphoristic sutras, about rules of reason, logic, epistemology and metaphysics.Jeaneane Fowler (2002), Perspectives of Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Hinduism, Sussex Academic Press, , pages 127–136 The Nyāya Sūtras is a Hindu text, notable for focusing on knowledge and logic, and making no mention of Vedic rituals. The first book is structured as a general introduction a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaṅgeśa
Gaṅgeśa ( sa, गंगेश उपाध्याय, ''Gaṅgeśa Upādhyāya'') (first half of the 14th century) was an Indian philosopher, logician and mathematician from the kingdom of Mithila. He established the Navya-Nyāya ("New Logic") school. His '' Tattvachintāmaṇi'' (The Jewel of Thought on the Nature of Things), also known as ''Pramāṇacintāmaṇi'' (The Jewel of Thought on the Means of Valid Knowledge), is the basic text for all later developments. The logicians of this school were primarily interested in defining their terms and concepts related to non-binary logical categories. Life Gangesa was born at Karion village on the banks of the Kamala River, 19 km south-east of Darbhanga in a Brahmin family. According to tradition, he was illiterate in his early years but later he acquired the knowledge of logic as a boon from the goddess Kali. There is a story that he was an idiot from birth, his in-laws always gave him bones of fish when eating. One ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Navya-Nyāya
The Navya-Nyāya or Neo-Logical ''darśana'' (view, system, or school) of Indian logic and Indian philosophy was founded in the 13th century CE by the philosopher Gangeśa Upādhyāya of Mithila and continued by Raghunatha Siromani of Nabadwipa in Bengal. It was a development of the classical Nyāya ''darśana''. Other influences on Navya-Nyāya were the work of earlier philosophers Vācaspati Miśra (900–980 CE) and Udayana (late 10th century). It remained active in India through to the 18th century. Gangeśa's book ''Tattvacintāmaṇi'' ("Thought-Jewel of Reality") was written partly in response to Śrīharśa's ''Khandanakhandakhādya'', a defence of Advaita Vedānta, which had offered a set of thorough criticisms of Nyāya theories of thought and language. In his book, Gangeśa both addressed some of those criticisms and – more important – critically examined the Nyāya ''darśana'' itself. He held that, while Śrīharśa had failed to successfull ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samastipur District
Samastipur is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar in India. The district headquarters are located at Samastipur. The district occupies an area of 2904 km² and has a population of 4,261,566. History Samastipur became a district in 1972 when it was split from Darbhanga district. Samastipur consists of four sub-divisions :- # Rosera # Samastipur # Dalsinghsarai, Dalshinghsarai # Shahpur Patory Geography Samastipur district occupies an area of , comparatively equivalent to Indonesia's Muna Island. Samastipur is bounded on the north by the Bagmati River which forms part of the border with Darbhanga district. On the west it is bordered by Vaishali district, Vaishali and Muzaffarpur district, Muzaffarpur districts, on the south by the Ganga, which forms the border with Patna district, while on its southeast are Begusarai district, Begusarai and Khagaria district, Khagaria districts. The district headquarters is located at Samastipur. The district is largely agricultu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Udayanacharya Dih
Udayanacharya Dih is the site related to the Indian philosopher Udayana. The place is located at Kariyan village of Samastipur district in Mithila region of Bihar. There are ruins of Udayanacharya Dih. Udayana wrote his famous treatise Nyayakusumanjali Nyayakusumanjali ('' A Handful of Flowers of Logic'') is a treatise in Sanskrit composed by 10th century CE Indian logician and philosopher Udayana. The work has been described as codification of the Hindu arguments for the existence of God. It ... at this place. Udayanacharya defeated the Buddhists scholars many times in debates during 10th century. Excavation There is a mound that is 20 feet high above the surrounding ground level and is spread over an area of 96 acres. After excavation, some antiquities of the 2nd century BC have been unearthed. Similarly, objects dating from the 6th century AD to after 1200 AD have been also found at the site. References Geography of Bihar Mithila {{Bihar-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaisheshika
Vaisheshika or Vaiśeṣika ( sa, वैशेषिक) is one of the six schools of Indian philosophy (Vedic systems) from ancient India. In its early stages, the Vaiśeṣika was an independent philosophy with its own metaphysics, epistemology, logic, ethics, and soteriology. Over time, the Vaiśeṣika system became similar in its philosophical procedures, ethical conclusions and soteriology to the Nyāya school of Hinduism, but retained its difference in epistemology and metaphysics. The epistemology of the Vaiśeṣika school of Hinduism, like Buddhism, accepted only two reliable means to knowledge: direct observation and inference. the Vaiśeṣika school and Buddhism both consider their respective scriptures as indisputable and valid means to knowledge, the difference being that the scriptures held to be a valid and reliable source by Vaiśeṣikas were the Vedas. The Vaisheshika school is known for its insights in naturalism.Kak, S. 'Matter and Mind: The Vaisheshika ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nyayakusumanjali
Nyayakusumanjali ('' A Handful of Flowers of Logic'') is a treatise in Sanskrit composed by 10th century CE Indian logician and philosopher Udayana. The work has been described as codification of the Hindu arguments for the existence of God. It has been noted that this treatise is the most elaborate and the most fundamental work of the Nyaya-Vaiseshika school on the Isvara doctrine. An outline of Nyaya-kusumanjali In Indian philosophical writings a ''prakarana'' refers to a genre of work that may be considered as roughly equivalent to the Western concept of a monograph. Nyayakusumanjali is a treatise belonging to this genre. Since the work consists of verses (known as ''karika''s) interspersed with prose, it can be considered as a work of the genre Misra-prakarana (meaning "mixed-''prakarana''"). There are seventy-three verses in Nyayakusumanjali. These verses are distributed unevenly in five chapters (called ''Stabaka''s, that is, "cluster of blossoms" or "bunch of flowers" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Udayana
Udayana, (Devanagari: उदयन) also known as Udayanācārya (Udyanacharya, or Master Udayana), (circa 975 - 1050 CE) was an Indian philosopher and logician of the tenth century of the Nyaya school who attempted to devise a rational theology to prove the existence of God using logic and counter the attack on the existence of God at the hands of Buddhist philosophers such as Dharmakīrti, Jñānaśrī and against the Indian school of materialism (Chārvaka). He is considered to be the most important philosopher of the Nyāya tradition. He worked to reconcile the views held by the two major schools of logic (Nyaya and Vaisheshika). This became the root of the Navya-Nyāya ("New Nyāya") school of the thirteenth century, established by the Gangesha Upadhyaya school of "right" reasoning, which is still recognized and followed in some regions of India today. He lived in Kariyan village in Mithila, near present-day Darbhanga, Bihar state, India. Udayana wrote a sub-glo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madhubani District
Madhubani district is one of the thirty-eight List of districts of Bihar, districts of Bihar, India, and is a part of Darbhanga division. Its administrative headquarters are located in Madhubani, India, Madhubani. The district has an area of and has a population of 4,487,379 (as of 2011). History Madhubani became a district in 1972 when it was split from Darbhanga district. It is believed that Baliraajgadh, an archaeological site which lies in modern-day Madhubani district was the capital of the ancient Mithila Kingdom. Culture Madhubani art or Mithila painting was traditionally created by the women of various communities in Mithila region of India and Nepal. It originated from Madhubani district of Mithila region of Bihar, and, it is popularly called Mithila painting or Madhubani art. Madhubani is also a major export centre of these paintings. This painting as a form of wall art was practiced widely throughout the region; the more recent development of painting on paper an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vachaspati Mishra Dih
Vachaspati Mishra Dih ( Maithili: ''वाचस्पति मिश्र डीह'' ) is a historical site and the birthplace of the Indian philosopher Vachaspati Mishra at ''Thadi'' village of Madhubani district in the Mithila region of Bihar, India. Background Vachaspati Mishra was an Indian philosopher and commentator of the six schools of Indian Philosophy during 9th-10th century. His commentary is known as ''Bhamati''. He wrote eight books including the world famous Bhamati commentary on Nyaya Vedanta, Sankhya, Yoga and Mimansa. His main treatise is '' Tattavabindu''. He was born in Thadi village of Andhratharhi block in Madhubani district of the Mithila region in Bihar, India. Story of his commentary 'Bhamati' According to legend, it is said that he was married in his childhood. After completing his studies he came to home and asked permission with his mother to write commentary on the Indian philosophy. After that he became absorbed in writing the commentary an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Advaita Vedanta
''Advaita Vedanta'' (; sa, अद्वैत वेदान्त, ) is a Hindu sādhanā, a path of spiritual discipline and experience, and the oldest extant tradition of the orthodox Hindu school Vedānta. The term ''Advaita'' (literally "non-secondness", but usually rendered as "nondualism", and often equated with monism) refers to the idea that '' Brahman'' alone is ultimately real, while the transient phenomenal world is an illusory appearance ('' maya'') of Brahman. In this view, (''jiv) Ātman'', the experiencing self, and ''Ātman-Brahman'', the highest Self and Absolute Reality, is non-different. The ''jivatman'' or individual self is a mere reflection or limitation of singular ''Ātman'' in a multitude of apparent individual bodies. In the Advaita tradition, '' moksha'' (liberation from suffering and rebirth) is attained through recognizing this illusoriness of the phenomenal world and disidentification from the body-mind complex and the notion of 'd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
