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Vatuka
The Vaduga or Vadugar comprise three distinct Telugu caste-based communities found in present-day Tamil Nadu, India. Their caste identities are as Kammavars, Balijas, and Kambalathars. They rose to prominence within the Vijayanagara imperial court and migrated southward following the defeat of the Vijayanagara Empire by Muslim forces in 1556. References to the Vadugar date back to the Sangam period, during which the Tamils knew the Andhras under the name Vadugar and their language as Vadugu. Similarly, the Telugu people referred to the Tamils by the name Aravar and their language Aravam. The term Vadagar is considered a variant of Vadugar, both signifying "northerner." A Sangam-era poem mentions a chieftain named Erumai, described as a "Vadugar chief in whose land flowed the river Ayiri." This river is believed to correspond to the Agiri River, which flows into the Tungabhadra. Historical figures such as Veerapandiya Kattabomman, Tirumala Nayaka Tirumala Nayaka (rei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telugu People
Telugu people (), also called Āndhras, are an Ethnolinguistic group, ethno-linguistic group who speak the Telugu language, Telugu language and are native to the India, Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Yanam district of Puducherry (union territory), Puducherry. They are the most populous of the four major Dravidian peoples, Dravidian linguistic groups. Telugu is the Languages of India, fourth most spoken language in India and the List of languages by number of native speakers, 14th most spoken native language in the world.Statistics in A significant number of Telugus also reside in the Indian states of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, Orissa, and Maharashtra. Members of the Telugu diaspora are spread across countries like Telugu Americans, United States, Indian Australians, Australia, Malaysian Telugu, Malaysia, Mauritius, United ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andhras
The Āndhras were an ancient non-Aryan tribe of south-central Indian subcontinent, whose existence is attested during the Iron Age. Andhras were mentioned in the ancient Hindu scriptures such as the '' Aitareya Brahmana, Ramayana, Mahabharata'' and ''Puranas''. The Eastern Deccan region originally inhabited by Andhras was called Andhradesa. The modern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, derives its name from this historic tribe and region. Andhras were mentioned in Aitareya Brahmana of the Rigveda () as descendants of Sage Vishvamitra. In the Mahabharata the infantry of Satyaki was composed of a tribe called Andhras, known for their long hair, tall stature, sweet language, and mighty prowess. They lived along the banks of the Godavari river. Andhra communities were also mentioned in the Bhagavata Vayu, Skanda, Markandeya and Matsya Purana. Buddhist references to Andhras are also found. Greek historian Megasthenes reported in his ''Indica'' () that Andhras were living i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Castes
The caste system in India is the paradigmatic ethnographic instance of social classification based on castes. It has its origins in Outline of ancient India, ancient India, and was transformed by various ruling elites in medieval India, medieval, early-modern, and modern India, especially in the aftermath of the collapse of the Mughal Empire and the establishment of the British Raj. Beginning in ancient India, the caste system was originally centered around ''Varna (Hinduism), varna'', with ''Brahmin, Brahmins'' (priests) and, to a lesser extent, Kshatriya, ''Kshatriyas'' (rulers and warriors) serving as the elite classes, followed by ''Vaishya, Vaishyas'' (traders, merchants, and farmers) and finally ''Shudra, Shudras'' (labourers). Outside of this system are the oppressed, marginalised, and persecuted ''Dalit, Dalits'' (also known as "Untouchability, Untouchables") and ''Adivasi, Adivasis'' (tribals). Over time, the system became increasingly rigid, and the emergence of ''J� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Groups Of Tamil Nadu
Social organisms, including human(s), live collectively in interacting populations. This interaction is considered social whether they are aware of it or not, and whether the exchange is voluntary or not. Etymology The word "social" derives from the Latin word ''socii'' ("allies"). It is particularly derived from the Italian ''Socii'' states, historical allies of the Roman Republic (although they rebelled against Rome in the Social War of 91–87 BC). Social theorists In the view of Karl Marx,Morrison, Ken. ''Marx, Durkheim, Weber. Formations of modern social thought'' human beings are intrinsically, necessarily and by definition social beings who, beyond being "gregarious creatures", cannot survive and meet their needs other than through social co-operation and association. Their social characteristics are therefore to a large extent an objectively given fact, stamped on them from birth and affirmed by socialization processes; and, according to Marx, in producing and reproduci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madurai Nayak Dynasty
The Madurai Nayakas were a Telugu people, Telugu dynasty * * * * * who ruled most of modern-day Tamil Nadu, India, with Madurai as their capital. The Madurai Nayaks had their origins in the Balija warrior clans of present-day Andhra Pradesh. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The Nayak reign which lasted for over two centuries from around 1529 to 1736 was noted for its achievements in arts, cultural and administrative reforms, revitalization of temples previously ransacked by the Delhi Sultanate, Delhi Sultans, and the inauguration of a unique architectural style. It was founded by Viswanatha Nayak, Vishwanatha Nayaka. The dynasty consisted of 13 rulers, of whom nine were kings, two were queens, and two were joint-kings. The most notable among them were king Tirumala Nayaka and queen Mangammal, Rani Mangammal. Foreign trade was conducted mainly with the Netherlands, Dutch and the Portugal, Portuguese, as the British and the French had not yet made inroads into t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mangammal
Rani Mangammal (''Mangamma;'' died 1705) was a queen regent of the Madurai Nayak kingdom (in present-day Madurai, India) during the minority of her grandson Vijaya Ranga Chokkanatha in 1689—1704. She was a popular administrator and is still widely remembered as a maker of roads and avenues, and a builder of temples, tanks and choultries with many of her public works still in use. She is also known for her diplomatic and political skills and successful military campaigns. The capital of Madurai Kingdom during her times was Tiruchy. Life Mangammal was the daughter of Tupakula Lingama Nayaka, and was the wife of a general of Madurai ruler Chokkanatha Nayak (1659–1682). She married Chokkanatha Nayak and became the mother of Rangakrishna Muthu Virappa Nayak (1682—1689). When her husband died in 1682, he was succeeded by her son Rangakrishna Muthu Virappa Nayak. Upon the death of her son in 1689, her son's widow was pregnant. Her son was succeeded by her grandson in 1689. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tirumala Nayaka
Tirumala Nayaka (reigned 1623–16 February 1659) was the ruler of Madurai Nayak Dynasty in the 17th century. He ruled Madurai between 1623 and 1659. His contributions are found in the many splendid buildings and temples of Madurai. He belongs to Balija caste. His kingdom was under constant threat from the armies of Bijapur Sultanate and the other neighbouring Muslim kingdoms, which he managed to repulse successfully. His territories comprised much of the old Pandya territories which included Coimbatore, Tirunelveli, Madurai districts, Aragalur in southern Tamil Nadu and some territories of the Travancore kingdom. Tirumala Nayaka was a great patron of art and architecture and the Dravidian architecture evolved into the ''Madurai style''. He rebuilt and renovated a number of old temples of the Pandya dynasty, Pandya period. His palace, known as the Thirumalai Nayak Palace, Tirumala Nayaka Palace, is a notable architectural masterpiece. Wars with Mysore In the early years of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Veerapandiya Kattabomman
Veerapandiya Kattabomman was an 18th-century Palayakarrar and king of Panchalankurichi in present-day Tamil Nadu, India. He fought the British East India Company and was captured by the British with the help of the ruler of the kingdom of Pudukottai, Vijaya Raghunatha Tondaiman, and at the age of 39 he was hanged at Kayathar on 16 October 1799. He belongs to the Thokalavar sub-sect of the Rajakambala Nayakkar community. Early life Veerapandiya Kattabomman was born to Jagaveera Kattabomman Nayakar and Arumugathammal in a Telugu origin family. His father was the polygar (head) of Panchalankurichi. He belonged to the Bommu and Aathi Kattabomman clans of Panchalankurichi. He inherited his father's position as the polygar of Panchalankurichi when he turned 30, becoming the 47th polygar of the village. Rebellion against the British Background Veerapandiya as a polygar retained the right to collect taxes and recruit soldiers in his domain, the British viewed the polygars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tungabhadra River
The Tungabhadra River () starts and flows through the state of Karnataka, India, for most of its course, then through Andhra Pradesh where it ultimately joins the Krishna River near Murvakonda. The Tungabhadra derives its name from two streams, the Tunga, about long, and the Bhadra, about long, which rise in the Western Ghats(Sahyadri mountains). The river after the confluence of the two streams in Koodali near Shimoga runs for about till it joins the river Krishna at Sangamaleshwaram in Andhra Pradesh. It runs for in Karnataka, forms the boundary between Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh for and further runs for the next in Andhra Pradesh. The total catchment area of the river is up to its confluence with the Krishna and it is up to Tungabhadra Dam. It is influenced chiefly by the South-West monsoon. It is a perennial river, but the summer flows dwindle to as low as 2.83 to 1.42 cumec (100 to 50 cusec). Etymology A compound of its 2 main tributaries from the Sanskrit wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamils
The Tamils ( ), also known by their endonym Tamilar, are a Dravidian peoples, Dravidian ethnic group who natively speak the Tamil language and trace their ancestry mainly to the southern part of the Indian subcontinent. The Tamil language is one of the longest-surviving classical languages, with over two thousand years of Tamil literature, written history, dating back to the Sangam period (between 300 BCE and 300 CE). Tamils constitute about 5.7% of the Indian population and form the majority in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry (union territory), Puducherry. They also form significant proportions of the populations in Sri Lankan Tamils, Sri Lanka (15.3%), Tamil Malaysians, Malaysia (7%) and Indian Singaporeans, Singapore (5%). Tamils have migrated world-wide since the 19th century CE and a significant population exists in South Africa, Mauritius, Fiji, as well as other regions such as the Southeast Asia, Middle East, Caribbean and parts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caste System In India
The caste system in India is the paradigmatic ethnographic instance of social classification based on castes. It has its origins in ancient India, and was transformed by various ruling elites in medieval, early-modern, and modern India, especially in the aftermath of the collapse of the Mughal Empire and the establishment of the British Raj. Beginning in ancient India, the caste system was originally centered around '' varna'', with ''Brahmins'' (priests) and, to a lesser extent, ''Kshatriyas'' (rulers and warriors) serving as the elite classes, followed by '' Vaishyas'' (traders, merchants, and farmers) and finally '' Shudras'' (labourers). Outside of this system are the oppressed, marginalised, and persecuted '' Dalits'' (also known as " Untouchables") and '' Adivasis'' (tribals). Over time, the system became increasingly rigid, and the emergence of '' jati'' led to further entrenchment, introducing thousands of new castes and sub-castes. With the arrival of Islamic rule, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sangam Period
The Sangam literature ( Tamil: சங்க இலக்கியம், ''caṅka ilakkiyam''), historically known as 'the poetry of the noble ones' ( Tamil: சான்றோர் செய்யுள், ''Cāṉṟōr ceyyuḷ''), connotes the early classical Tamil literature and is the earliest known literature of South India. The Tamil tradition links it to legendary literary gatherings around Madurai in the ancient Pandya kingdom. It is generally accepted by most scholars that the historical Sangam literature era, also known as the Sangam period, spanned from 100 BCE to 250 CE, on the basis of linguistic, epigraphic, archaeological, numismatic and historical data; though some scholars give a broader range of 300 BCE to 300 CE. The Eighteen Greater Texts (Patiṉeṇmēlkaṇakku), along with the Tamil grammar work Tolkappiyam, are collectively considered as Sangam literature. These texts are classified into the Ettuttokai (Eight Anthologies) and Pattupattu (T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
