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Vasile Stroescu
Vasile Vasilievici Stroescu (, ''Vasily Vasilyevich Stroesko''; November 11, 1845 – April 13, 1926), also known as Vasile de Stroesco,"Vasile de Stroesco" and ""Scrisoarea dlui V. de Stroesco, in ''Unirea'', Issue 14/1910, pp. 1–2Bucin, p. 13 Ion Preasca in ''Adevărul Moldova'', November 30, 2013 Basile Stroesco,"Communiqués", in ''Le Figaro'', September 2, 1918, p. 2 or Vasile Stroiescu, was a Bessarabian and Romanian politician, landowner, and philanthropist. One of the proponents and sponsors of Romanian nationalism in Russia's Bessarabia Governorate, as well as among the Romanian communities of Austria-Hungary, he was also a champion of self-help and of cooperative farming. He inherited or purchased large estates, progressively dividing them among local peasants, while setting up local schools and churches for their use. An erudite and traveler, he abandoned his career in law to focus on his agricultural projects and cultural activism. For the latter work, he became an ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamber Of Deputies Of Romania
The Chamber of Deputies () is the lower house in Romania's bicameral parliament. It has 312 regular seats to which deputies are elected by direct popular vote using party-list proportional representation to serve four-year terms. Additionally, the organisation of each national ethnic minority is entitled to a seat in the Chamber (under the limitation that a national minority is to be represented by one organisation only). As of the 2024 election, there are 19 such additional seats. Leadership and structure Standing Bureau The () is the body elected by the deputies that rules the Chamber. Its president is the President of the Chamber, who is elected for a whole legislature (usually four years). All the other members are elected at the beginning of each parliamentary session. The Chamber of Deputies in Romania is chosen through a democratic process, where all citizens have an equal opportunity to vote freely and privately. It serves as a forum for the exchange of diver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bessarabia
Bessarabia () is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west. About two thirds of Bessarabia lies within modern-day Moldova, with the Budjak region covering the southern coastal region and part of the Ukrainian Chernivtsi Oblast covering a small area in the north. In the late 14th century, the newly established Principality of Moldavia encompassed what later became known as Bessarabia. Afterward, this territory was directly or indirectly, partly or wholly controlled by: the Ottoman Empire (as suzerain of Moldavia, with direct rule only in Budjak and Khotyn), the Russian Empire, Romania, the USSR. In the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812), and the ensuing Treaty of Bucharest (1812), Peace of Bucharest, the eastern parts of the Moldavia, Principality of Moldavia, an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman vassal state, vassal, along with some areas formerly under direct Ottoman rule, were ceded to Imperial Russ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moldavian Democratic Republic
The Moldavian Democratic Republic (MDR; , ), also known as the Moldavian Republic or Moldavian People's Republic, was a state proclaimed on by the ''Sfatul Țării'' (National Council) of Bessarabia, elected in October–November 1917 following the February Revolution and the start of the disintegration of the Russian Empire. The ''Sfatul Țării'' was its legislative body, while the "Council of Directors General", renamed the "Council of Ministers" after the Declaration of Independence, was its government. The Republic was proclaimed on 2/15 December 1917, as a result of the Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia. The anthem of the country was ''Deșteaptă-te, române!''. History Summarized The brief history of the 1917–1918 Moldavian Democratic Republic can be divided into three periods: the period of autonomy within Russia, the period of independence, and the period of federation with Romania. On 2/15 December, Moldavia proclaimed itself a constituen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sfatul Țării
''Sfatul Țării'' ("Council of the Country"; ) was a council of political, public, cultural, and professional organizations in the guberniya, Governorate of Bessarabia in Russian Empire, Tsarist Russia. This became a legislative body which established the Moldavian Democratic Republic as part of the Russian Democratic Federative Republic, Russian Federative Republic in December 1917. and then Union of Bessarabia with Romania, union with Romania in . Prelude and organization Russian participation in World War I In August 1914, the First World War started, and 300,000 Bessarabian Bulgarians, Bessarabians were mobilized and enrolled in the army of the Russian Empire, the majority in the immediate wake of Russian defeat. By March 1917, the military actions on the Eastern Front came to a stalemate. Conferences of soldiers in the rear of the front line dominated. Many called for a Republic; the Tsar had abdicated in March 1917, but the Russian Provisional Government that took his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Herța
Vladimir or Wladimir Herța, also known as Hertza or de Hertza (; 14 May 1868 – 3 August 1924), was a Bessarabian-born politician, entrepreneur, jurist, and amateur singer. He was initially active in the Bessarabia Governorate of the Russian Empire, where his family owned large estates that became his main source of revenue. He claimed descent from boyardom, and as such both Romanian ethnicity and inclusion within Russian nobility, but his account was disputed. Herța also trained as a lawyer and established a legal practice in Kishinev (Chișinău), where he built himself a Baroque Revival villa, used for political gatherings during and after the Russian Revolution of 1905. In that context, he was a liberal-conservative member of the ''zemstvo'', who embraced some tenets of Romanian nationalism while criticizing its separatist aspirations in Bessarabia. Especially after the revolutionary events, he established himself in the Kingdom of Romania, alternating between Iași and B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
February Revolution
The February Revolution (), known in Soviet historiography as the February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution and sometimes as the March Revolution or February Coup was the first of Russian Revolution, two revolutions which took place in Russia in 1917. The main events of the revolution took place in and near Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg), the then-capital of Russia, where long-standing discontent with the monarchy erupted into mass protests against food rationing on 23 February Old Style and New Style dates, Old Style (8 March Old Style and New Style dates, New Style). Revolutionary activity lasted about eight days, involving mass demonstrations and violent armed clashes with police and Special Corps of Gendarmes, gendarmes, the last loyal forces of the Russian monarchy. On 27 February O.S. (12 March N.S.), most of the forces of the capital's garrison sided with the revolutionaries. In the same day, the Russian Provisional Government, made up by left-leaning State Duma (Russ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gentry Assembly
Assembly of the Nobility () was a self-governing body of the sosloviye (estate) of the Russian nobility in Imperial Russia from 1766 to 1917. Their official status was defined by the Charter to the Gentry in 1785. The Nobility Assemblies were at the guberniya and uyezd levels. Sometimes it is also translated as Gentry Assembly. The chair of an Assembly of Nobility was called Gubernia (Uyezd) Marshal of Nobility. These Assemblies governed both the dvoryanstvo itself and took part in the governing of local affairs of the whole society, such as the election of the persons to the posts in local administration and police. After the Emancipation reform of 1861 in Russia and subsequent reforms, their purpose became mostly affairs of the nobility. This institution ceased to exist in Russia after the October Revolution. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, in 1990 the descendants of Russian nobility founded the Russian Assembly of Nobility, a public non-political organization. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zemstva
A zemstvo (, , , ''zemstva'') was an institution of local government set up in consequence of the emancipation reform of 1861 of Imperial Russia by Emperor Alexander II of Russia. Nikolay Milyutin elaborated the idea of the zemstvo, and the first zemstvo laws went into effect in 1864. After the October Revolution of 1917 the zemstvo system was shut down by the Bolsheviks and replaced with a multilevel system of workers' and peasants' councils ("soviets"). History Zemstvos were created as part of the larger Great Reforms with the specific goal of creating organs of elected, local self-government. The existing system of local self-government in the Russian Empire was represented at the lowest level by the mir and at the regional level by the volost. These institutions continued during the zemstvo period; however, they were seen as insufficient, due to their lack of independent authority. In 1864, the first law on zemstvos was enacted by the Emperor, a law that outlined the pow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuvânt Moldovenesc (newspaper)
''Cuvînt moldovenesc'' () was a Bessarabian newspaper. History The first edition was printed on January 1, 1914 and last on January 7, 1919. The first editor in chief was Nicolae Alexandri, replaced on April 2, 1917 by Pan Halippa. Among the authors were Simion Murafa, Ion Pelivan, Daniel Ciugureanu, M. Ciachir, Gh. Stîrcea, and T. Inculeţ. It was written with the Romanian Cyrillic alphabet The Romanian Cyrillic alphabet is the Cyrillic alphabet that was used to write the Romanian language and Church Slavonic until the 1830s, when it began to be gradually replaced by a Latin-based Romanian alphabet.Cyrillic remained in occasion ... . On March 21, 1943, ''Cuvînt moldovenesc'' reappeared under the leadership of Leon Boga and Iorgu Tudor. Bibliography * Georgeta Răduică, Dicţionarul presei româneşti (1731–1918), Editura Ştiinţifică, București, External links *Cuvânt Moldovenesc*PRESA BASARABEANĂ de la începuturi pînă în anul 1957 Footnot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basarabia (newspaper)
''Basarabia'' was the first Romanian language newspaper to be published in Bessarabia in the Russian Empire, Bessarabian guberniya of the Russian Empire in 1906–1907. History It was written with the Romanian Cyrillic alphabet and published twice weekly. Labeling itself a "national-democratic gazette", the newspaper asked within its articles for land reform, autonomy and self-government for Bessarabia and the usage of Moldovan in schools and administration. It published articles by Constantin Stere, Ion Inculeţ, Ion Pelivan, Alexei Mateevici, and Pan Halippa.*Charles King, ''The Moldovans: Romania, Russia, and the Politics of Culture'', 2000, Hoover Institution Press. , p.29 On March 1, 1907, the newspaper published the Romanian patriotic song "Deşteaptă-te, române!" ("Awaken thee, Romanian!"), which prompted the governor, Alexei Kharuzin, to order its closure. The Russian noble families and the Russian Orthodox Church began a campaign of purging Romanian nationalists from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Academy
The Romanian Academy ( ) is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866. It covers the scientific, artistic and literary domains. The academy has 181 active members who are elected for life. According to its bylaws, the academy's main goals are the cultivation of Romanian language and Romanian literature, the study of the national history of Romania and research into major scientific domains. Some of the academy's fundamental projects are the Romanian language dictionary ('' Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române''), the dictionary of Romanian literature, and the treatise on the history of the Romanian people. History On the initiative of C. A. Rosetti, the Academy was founded on April 1, 1866, as ''Societatea Literară Română''. The founding members were illustrious members of the Romanian society of the age. The name changed to ''Societatea Academică Romînă'' in 1867, and finally to ''Academia Română'' in 1879, during the reign of Carol I. The foun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cooperative Farming
An agricultural cooperative, also known as a farmers' co-op, is a producer cooperative in which farmers pool their resources in certain areas of activities. A broad typology of agricultural cooperatives distinguishes between agricultural service cooperatives, which provide various services to their individually-farming members, and agricultural production cooperatives in which production resources (land, machinery) are pooled and members farm jointly.Cobia, David, editor, ''Cooperatives in Agriculture'', Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1989), p. 50. Agricultural production cooperatives are relatively rare in the world. They include collective farms in former socialist countries, the kibbutzim in Israel, collectively-governed community shared agriculture, Longo Maï co-operatives in Costa Rica, France, and some other countries, CPAs in Cuba, and Nicaraguan production cooperatives. The default meaning of "agricultural cooperative" in English is usually an agricultural ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
