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Vanderstock V Victoria
Vanderstock v Victoria is a High Court of Australia case concerning excise. A charge imposed by the state of Victoria on zero and low emission vehicles (ZLEVs) was ruled invalid on the grounds that it imposed a duty of excise as defined by Section 90 of the Constitution. It overruled '' Dickenson's Arcade Pty Ltd v Tasmania'', and imposed a broad view of an excise as defined by Section 90. Facts The ''Zero and Low Emission Vehicle Distance-based Charge Act 2021'', which came into effect on 1 July 2021, imposed a charge on the use of electric, hydrogen, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (collectively referred to as ZLEVs) on Victorian roads. The charge was 2.5 cents per kilometre for electric and hydrogen vehicles, and 2.0 cents per kilometre for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The charge was introduced to ensure ZLEV owners paid for the maintenance of the road network, as ZLEVs would not be subject to the fuel excise. In September of 2021, Melbourne ZLEV drivers Chris Vand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High Court Of Australia
The High Court of Australia is the apex court of the Australian legal system. It exercises original and appellate jurisdiction on matters specified in the Constitution of Australia and supplementary legislation. The High Court was established following the passage of the ''Judiciary Act 1903'' (Cth). Its authority derives from chapter III of the Australian Constitution, which vests it (and other courts the Parliament creates) with the judicial power of the Commonwealth. Its internal processes are governed by the ''High Court of Australia Act 1979'' (Cth). The court consists of seven justices, including a chief justice, currently Stephen Gageler. Justices of the High Court are appointed by the governor-general on the formal advice of the attorney-general following the approval of the prime minister and Cabinet. They are appointed permanently until their mandatory retirement at age 70, unless they retire earlier. Typically, the court operates by receiving applicati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Guardian
''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in Manchester in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'' and changed its name in 1959, followed by a move to London. Along with its sister paper, ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Guardian Media Group, owned by the Scott Trust Limited. The trust was created in 1936 to "secure the financial and editorial independence of ''The Guardian'' in perpetuity and to safeguard the journalistic freedom and liberal values of ''The Guardian'' free from commercial or political interference". The trust was converted into a limited company in 2008, with a constitution written so as to maintain for ''The Guardian'' the same protections as were built into the structure of the Scott Trust by its creators. Profits are reinvested in its journalism rather than distributed to owners or shareholders. It is considered a newspaper of record in the UK. The editor-in-chief Katharine Viner succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian Constitutional Law
Australian constitutional law is the area of the law of Australia relating to the interpretation and application of the Constitution of Australia. Legal cases regarding Australian constitutional law are often handled by the High Court of Australia, the highest court in the Australian judicial system. Several major doctrines of Australian constitutional law have developed. Background Constitutional law in the Commonwealth of Australia consists mostly of that body of doctrine which interprets the Commonwealth Constitution. The Constitution itself is embodied in clause 9 of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, which was passed by the British Parliament in 1900 after its text had been negotiated in Australian Constitutional Conventions in the 1890s and approved by the voters in each of the Australian colonies. The British government did, however, insist on one change to the text, to allow a greater range of appeals to the Privy Council in London. It came into force ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian Dollar
The Australian dollar (currency sign, sign: $; ISO 4217, code: AUD; also abbreviated A$ or sometimes AU$ to distinguish it from other dollar, dollar-denominated currencies; and also referred to as the dollar or Aussie dollar) is the official currency and Legal tender#Australia, legal tender of Australia, including States and territories of Australia, all of its external territories, and three independent sovereign Pacific Islands, Pacific Island states: Kiribati, Nauru, and Tuvalu. * ThMoney Trackersite allows users to track Australian banknotes as they circulate around Australia. Images of historic and modern Australian bank notes* [https://www.rba.gov.au/statistics/historical-data.html?v=2022-09-25-02-11-35#exchange-rates Reserve Bank of Australia – historical data of AUD since 1969 (various .xls files)] The banknotes of Australia {{Authority control 1966 establishments in Australia Articles containing video clips Circulating currencies Currencies int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chris Minns
Christopher John Minns (born 17 September 1979) is an Australian politician serving as the 47th and current premier of New South Wales since March 2023. He has been the leader of the New South Wales branch of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) since 2021 and a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly (MLA) for the district of Kogarah since 2015. He was previously the deputy mayor of Hurstville from 2007 to 2008. Minns was first elected at the 2015 New South Wales state election, and was elected unopposed as leader of the Labor Party in the leadership election of June 2021, following the resignation of Jodi McKay. He led the party to victory at the 2023 state election. Early and personal life Minns was raised in the St George region of Sydney in the suburb of Penshurst. He studied at Marist College Kogarah. He holds a Bachelor of Arts from the University of New England in Armidale and attended Princeton University in the United States where he was awarded a Master ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Age
''The Age'' is a daily newspaper in Melbourne, Australia, that has been published since 1854. Owned and published by Nine Entertainment, ''The Age'' primarily serves Victoria (Australia), Victoria, but copies also sell in Tasmania, the Australian Capital Territory and border regions of South Australia and southern New South Wales. It is delivered both in print and digital formats. The newspaper shares some articles with its sister paper ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. ''The Age'' is considered a newspaper of record for Australia, and has variously been known for its investigative reporting, with its journalists having won dozens of Walkley Awards, Australia's most prestigious journalism prize. , ''The Age'' had a monthly readership of 5.4 million. , this had fallen to 4.55 million. History Foundation ''The Age'' was founded by three Melbourne businessmen: brothers John and Henry Cooke (who had arrived from New Zealand in the 1840s) and Walter Powell. The first editi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tim Pallas
Timothy Hugh Pallas (born 7 January 1960) is an Australian former politician. He was a Labor Party member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 2006 to 2025, representing the electorate of Tarneit until 2014 and then Werribee from 2014 to 2025. He has served as Treasurer of Victoria in all three of the Andrew Ministries from December 2014 to December 2024, and in the Allan Ministry from 2023 to 2024. Pallas previously served as Minister for Roads and Ports and Minister for Major Projects in the Brumby Ministry until 2010. Early career Prior to entering parliament, Pallas worked as a trade union official with the National Union of Workers, Assistant Secretary of the ACTU and as Chief of Staff to Premier of Victoria Steve Bracks. Political career He first contested the open preselection for the federal seat of Melbourne Ports in 1998, but was defeated by Michael Danby. In 2005, Pallas challenged incumbent backbencher Mary Gillett for preselection in the safe s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Australia
Western Australia (WA) is the westernmost state of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Australia is Australia's largest state, with a land area of , and is also the List of country subdivisions by area, second-largest subdivision of any country on Earth. Western Australia has a diverse range of climates, including tropical conditions in the Kimberley (Western Australia), Kimberley, deserts in the interior (including the Great Sandy Desert, Little Sandy Desert, Gibson Desert, and Great Victoria Desert) and a Mediterranean climate on the south-west and southern coastal areas. the state has 2.965 million inhabitants—10.9 percent of the national total. Over 90 percent of the state's population live in the South-West Land Division, south-west corner and around 80 percent live in the state capital Perth, leaving the remainder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New South Wales
New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW) is a States and territories of Australia, state on the Eastern states of Australia, east coast of :Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria (state), Victoria to the south, and South Australia to the west. Its coast borders the Coral Sea, Coral and Tasman Seas to the east. The Australian Capital Territory and Jervis Bay Territory are Enclave and exclave, enclaves within the state. New South Wales' state capital is Sydney, which is also Australia's most populous city. , the population of New South Wales was over 8.3 million, making it Australia's most populous state. Almost two-thirds of the state's population, 5.3 million, live in the Greater Sydney area. The Colony of New South Wales was founded as a British penal colony in 1788. It originally comprised more than half of the Australian mainland with its Western Australia border, western boundary set at 129th meridian east in 1825. The colony then also includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fiscal Imbalance In Australia
The fiscal imbalance in Australia is the disparity between the revenue generation ability of the three levels of governments in Australia relative to their spending obligations; but in Australia the term is commonly used to refer more specifically to the vertical fiscal imbalance, the discrepancy between the federal government's extensive capacity to raise revenue and the responsibility of the States to provide most public services, such as physical infrastructure, health care, education etc., despite having only limited capacity to raise their own revenue. In Australia, vertical fiscal imbalance is addressed by the transfer of funds as grants from the federal government to the states and territories. Vertical fiscal imbalance Vertical fiscal imbalance in Australia is largely the product of the Commonwealth's takeover of income taxes in 1942, during World War II, and rulings of the High Court of Australia that made various state taxes unconstitutional under the Australian Consti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brad Rowswell
Brad Rowswell (born 1986) is an Australian politician and the Shadow Treasurer of Victoria, Australia. He has been a Liberal Party member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly since November 2018, representing the seat of Sandringham. He was for a time the Shadow Assistant Minister to the Leader of the Opposition and Secretary to the Shadow Cabinet; he was removed from this role on Matthew Guy's return to the Liberal Party leadership in September 2021. Rowswell was Shadow Treasurer from December 2022 to January 2025 and was appointed Shadow Environment Minister. Early life and career Rowswell was born at the Sandringham Hospital and grew up in the suburb of Beaumaris. He was educated at St Bede's College in Mentone. Rowswell once studied to be a Catholic priest. Prior to his election to parliament, Rowswell worked as a political advisor and a communications manager for the defense contractor Raytheon. Rowswell is brother of Brendan Rowswell a drink driver offended https://ww ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shadow Ministry Of John Pesutto
The shadow ministry of John Pesutto was the shadow cabinet of Victoria from 8 December 2022 to 27 December 2024, serving in opposition to the government led by Daniel Andrews and Jacinta Allan of the Australian Labor Party. The shadow ministry was the Opposition's alternative to the Third Andrews ministry and Allan Ministry. The shadow ministry was appointed by John Pesutto following his election as Leader of the Liberal Party and Leader of the Opposition on 8 December 2022. The first arrangement of the shadow cabinet was announced on 18 December 2022, and Ryan Smith and previous party leader Matthew Guy were not included. The second iteration of the shadow cabinet was announced on 2 October 2023 in light of Jacinta Allan's new ministry following Daniel Andrews' resignation. The shadow cabinet was dissolved following the 2024 Victorian Liberal Party leadership spill where Pesutto's leadership was vacated and the subsequent election of Brad Battin as the new leader of the Vic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
