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Valonia (alga)
''Valonia'' (C. Agardh, 1823) is a genus of green algae in the Valoniaceae family. The genus ''Ventricaria'' is now regarded as a synonym of ''Valonia''. Taxonomy and nomenclature The genus ''Valonia'' belongs to the order Cladophorales and family Valoniaceae. It comprises several taxonomically acceptable species based from available data and literatures. Below is a list of common species of ''Valonia'' found throughout the tropics: *''Valonia fastigiata'' Harvey ex J. Agardh 1823 *'' Valonia ventricosa'' J.Agardh 1887 *''Valonia utricularis'' (Roth) Agardh 1823 *''Valonia aegagropila'' C. Agardh 1823 *''Valonia macrophysa'' Kützing 1843 *''Valonia ovalis'' C.Agardh 1822 *''Valonia chlorocladus'' Hauck 1886 *''Valonia cespitula'' Zanardini ex Kützing *''Valonia pachynema'' (G. Martens) Børgesen *''Valonia barbadensis'' W.R.Taylor, 1969 *''Valonia nutrix'' (Kraft & A.J.K.Millar) Kraft, 2007 *''Valonia oblongata'' J.Agardh, 1887 *''Valonia trabeculata'' Egerod, 1952 Gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. Phylogeneti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Green Algae
The green algae (: green alga) are a group of chlorophyll-containing autotrophic eukaryotes consisting of the phylum Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister group that contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/ Streptophyta. The land plants ( Embryophytes) have emerged deep within the charophytes as a sister of the Zygnematophyceae. Since the realization that the Embryophytes emerged within the green algae, some authors are starting to include them. The completed clade that includes both green algae and embryophytes is monophyletic and is referred to as the clade Viridiplantae and as the kingdom Plantae. The green algae include unicellular and colonial flagellates, most with two flagella per cell, as well as various colonial, coccoid (spherical), and filamentous forms, and macroscopic, multicellular seaweeds. There are about 22,000 species of green algae, many of which live most of their lives as single cells, while other species form coenobia (colonies), long filaments ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valoniaceae
Valoniaceae is a family of green algae in the order Cladophorales.See the NCBI The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States. The NCBI is loca ...br>webpage on Valoniaceae Data extracted from the References Ulvophyceae families Cladophorales {{Ulvophyceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valonia Ventricosa
''Valonia ventricosa'', also known as bubble algae, sea grape, or sailor's eyeballs, is a species of algae found in oceans throughout the world in tropical and subtropical regions, within the phylum Chlorophyta. It is one of the largest known unicellular organisms. Characteristics ''Valonia ventricosa'' has a coenocytic structure with multiple nuclei and chloroplasts. This organism possesses a large central vacuole that is multilobular in structure (lobules radiating from a central spheroid region). The entire cell contains several cytoplasmic domains, with each domain having a nucleus and a few chloroplasts. Cytoplasmic domains are interconnected by cytoplasmic "bridges" that are supported by microtubules. The peripheral cytoplasm (whose membrane is overlaid by the cell wall) is only about 40 nm thick. ''Valonia ventricosa'' typically grow individually, but in rare cases they can grow in groups. Environment They appear in tidal zones of tropical and subtropical areas, like ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valonia Fastigiata
Valonia may refer to: * ''Valonia'' (alga), an algae genus in the family Valoniaceae * ''Valonia'' (spider), a spider genus in the family Sparassidae * Valonia oak (''Quercus macrolepis''), a tree species used in tanning * Valonia (fly), a signal fly, described by David McAlpine, 2001 in the family Platystomatidae (Diptera) See also * Vallonia ''Vallonia'' is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, Terrestrial mollusc, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Valloniidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2023). MolluscaBase. Vallonia Risso, 1826. Accessed through: World Register ... {{Disambig Genus disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Levulinic Acid
Levulinic acid, or 4-oxopentanoic acid, is an organic compound with the chemical formula, formula CH3C(O)CH2CH2CO2H. It is classified as a keto acid. This white crystalline solid is soluble in water and polar organic solvents. It is derived from degradation of cellulose and is a potential precursor to biofuels, such as ethyl levulinate. Synthesis Levulinic acid was first prepared in 1840 by Dutch chemist Gerardus Johannes Mulder by heating fructose with hydrochloric acid. The first commercial production of levulinic acid began as a batchwise process in an autoclave by starch manufacturer A. E. Staley in the 1940s. In 1953 Quaker Oats developed a continuous process for the production of levulinic acid. In 1956 it was identified as a platform chemical with high potential. and in 2004 the US Department of Energy (U.S. DoE) identified levulinic acid as one of the 12 potential platform chemicals in the biorefinery concept. The synthesis of levulinic acid from hexoses (glucose, fructo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amino Acid
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. Although over 500 amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the 22 α-amino acids incorporated into proteins. Only these 22 appear in the genetic code of life. Amino acids can be classified according to the locations of the core structural functional groups ( alpha- , beta- , gamma- amino acids, etc.); other categories relate to polarity, ionization, and side-chain group type ( aliphatic, acyclic, aromatic, polar, etc.). In the form of proteins, amino-acid '' residues'' form the second-largest component (water being the largest) of human muscles and other tissues. Beyond their role as residues in proteins, amino acids participate in a number of processes such as neurotransmitter transport and biosynthesis. It is thought that they played a key role in enabling life on Earth and its emergence. Amino acids are formally named by the IUPAC- IUBMB Joint Commi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Algae
Red algae, or Rhodophyta (, ; ), make up one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae. The Rhodophyta comprises one of the largest Phylum, phyla of algae, containing over 7,000 recognized species within over 900 Genus, genera amidst ongoing taxonomic revisions. The majority of species (6,793) are Florideophyceae, and mostly consist of multicellular, ocean, marine algae, including many notable seaweeds. Red algae are abundant in marine habitats. Approximately 5% of red algae species occur in freshwater environments, with greater concentrations in warmer areas. Except for two coastal cave dwelling species in the asexual class Cyanidiophyceae, no terrestrial species exist, which may be due to an evolutionary bottleneck in which the last common ancestor lost about 25% of its core genes and much of its evolutionary plasticity. Red algae form a distinct group characterized by eukaryotic cells without flagella and centrioles, chloroplasts without external endoplasmic reticulum or unstack ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brown Algae
Brown algae (: alga) are a large group of multicellular algae comprising the class (biology), class Phaeophyceae. They include many seaweeds located in colder waters of the Northern Hemisphere. Brown algae are the major seaweeds of the temperate and polar regions. Many brown algae, such as members of the order Fucales, commonly grow along rocky seashores. Most brown algae live in marine environments, where they play an important role both as food and as a potential habitat. For instance, ''Macrocystis'', a kelp of the order Laminariales, may reach in length and forms prominent underwater kelp forests that contain a high level of biodiversity. Another example is ''Sargassum'', which creates unique floating mats of seaweed in the tropical waters of the Sargasso Sea that serve as the habitats for many species. Some members of the class, such as kelps, are used by humans as food. Between 1,500 and 2,000 species of brown algae are known worldwide. Some species, such as ''Ascophyllum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Center For Biotechnology Information
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States. The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland, and was founded in 1988 through legislation sponsored by US Congressman Claude Pepper. The NCBI houses a series of databases relevant to biotechnology and biomedicine and is an important resource for bioinformatics tools and services. Major databases include GenBank for DNA sequences and PubMed, a bibliographic database for biomedical literature. Other databases include the NCBI Epigenomics database. All these databases are available online through the Entrez search engine. NCBI was directed by David Lipman, one of the original authors of the BLAST sequence alignment program and a widely respected figure in bioinformatics. GenBank NCBI had responsibility for making available the GenBank DNA seque ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladophorales
Cladophorales are an order of green algae, in the class Ulvophyceae. The earliest known representative is ''Proterocladus antiquus'' from the Mesoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic boundary in North China. The order Cladophorales consists of filamentous macroalgae attached to a surface. The filaments are uniseriate (one cell thick) with multinucleate cells, and are unbranched or profusely branched. In some taxa, the filaments are modified into giant single cells, three-dimensional networks of branches, or pseudoparenchymatic clusters. Currently, Cladophorales has an expanded circumscription that includes Siphonocladales. Classification has been difficult, because the simple morphology has led to convergent evolution Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods or epochs in time. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar form or function but were not present in the last comm .... The current hypothes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
