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VPS28
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VPS28 gene. Function This gene encodes a protein involved in endosomal sorting of cell surface receptors via a multivesicular body/late endosome pathway. The encoded protein is one of the three subunits of the ESCRT-I complex (endosomal complexes required for transport) involved in the sorting of ubiquitinated protein. The two other subunits of ESCRT-I are vacuolar protein sorting 23 (VPS23), also known as tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101), and vacuolar protein sorting 37 (VPS37). Two alternative transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described. Additional alternative transcripts may exist but the proteins encoded by these transcripts have not been verified experimentally. Interactions VPS28 has been shown to interact with TSG101 Tumor susceptibility gene 101, also known as TSG101, is a human gene that encodes for a cellular protein of the same name. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TSG101
Tumor susceptibility gene 101, also known as TSG101, is a human gene that encodes for a cellular protein of the same name. Function The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a group of apparently inactive homologs of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. The gene product contains a coiled-coil domain that interacts with stathmin, a cytosolic phosphoprotein implicated in tumorigenesis. The protein may play a role in cell growth and differentiation and act as a negative growth regulator. In vitro steady-state expression of this tumor susceptibility gene appears to be important for maintenance of genomic stability and cell cycle regulation. Mutations and alternative splicing in this gene occur in high frequency in breast cancer and suggest that defects occur during breast cancer tumorigenesis and/or progression. The main role of TSG101 is to participate in ESCRT pathway. This pathway facilitates reverse topology budding and formation of multivesicular bodies (MVB) which delivers cargo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ESCRT-I
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) proteins are part of a group of machines inside cells that help sort and move other proteins. One of their main jobs is to form structures called multivesicular bodies (MVBs) which help sending of certain proteins, especially ones tagged for removal to compartments in the cell called lysosomes where they get broken down. The ESCRT system is made up of five separate cytosolic protein complexes, known as ESCRT-0, ESCRT-I, ESCRT-II, ESCRT-III and Vps4. and each one has specific job. Together with a number of accessory proteins, these ESCRT complexes enable a unique mode of membrane remodeling that results in membranes bending/budding away from the cytoplasm. These ESCRT components have been isolated and studied in a number of organisms including yeast and humans. The ESCRT machinery plays a vital role in a number of cellular processes including multivesicular body (MVB) biogenesis and Cytokinetic abscission. Multivesicula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, Cell signaling, responding to stimuli, providing Cytoskeleton, structure to cells and Fibrous protein, organisms, and Intracellular transport, transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the Nucleic acid sequence, nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific Protein structure, 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called pep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and non-coding genes. During gene expression (the synthesis of Gene product, RNA or protein from a gene), DNA is first transcription (biology), copied into RNA. RNA can be non-coding RNA, directly functional or be the intermediate protein biosynthesis, template for the synthesis of a protein. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring, is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits from one generation to the next. These genes make up different DNA sequences, together called a genotype, that is specific to every given individual, within the gene pool of the population (biology), population of a given species. The genotype, along with environmental and developmental factors, ultimately determines the phenotype ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ubiquitin
Ubiquitin is a small (8.6 kDa) regulatory protein found in most tissues of eukaryotic organisms, i.e., it is found ''ubiquitously''. It was discovered in 1975 by Gideon Goldstein and further characterized throughout the late 1970s and 1980s. Four genes in the human genome code for ubiquitin: UBB, UBC, UBA52 and RPS27A. The addition of ubiquitin to a substrate protein is called ubiquitylation (or ubiquitination or ubiquitinylation). Ubiquitylation affects proteins in many ways: it can mark them for degradation via the 26S proteasome, alter their cellular location, affect their activity, and promote or prevent protein interactions. Ubiquitylation involves three main steps: activation, conjugation, and ligation, performed by ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s), and ubiquitin ligases (E3s), respectively. The result of this sequential cascade is to bind ubiquitin to lysine residues on the protein substrate via an isopeptide bond, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VPS37A
Vacuolar protein sorting 37 homolog A (S. cerevisiae) is a protein in humans that is encoded by the VPS37A gene. It is a member of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) proteins are part of a group of machines inside cells that help sort and move other proteins. One of their main jobs is to form structures called multivesicular bodies (MVBs) which help ...) system. Clinical significance A missense mutation (K382N) in VPS37A protein has been shown to cause complex hereditary spastic paraparesis (cHSP). References Further reading * * * * * * * {{gene-8-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
