VAMP8
Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''VAMP8'' gene. Synaptobrevins/VAMPs, syntaxins, and the 25-kD synaptosomal-associated protein SNAP25 are the main components of a protein complex involved in the docking and/or fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)/synaptobrevin family. It is associated with the perinuclear vesicular structures of the early endocytic compartment. It has been found that VAMP8 interacts specifically with the soluble NSF-attachment protein (alpha-SNAP), most likely through an VAMP8-containing SNARE complex. Phosphorylation of VAMP8 inside the conserved SNARE-domain can suppress vesicle fusion. Interactions Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 has been shown to interact with STX4, SNAP23, STX1A, STX8 and STX7 Syntaxin-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STX7'' gene In biology, th ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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STX1A
Syntaxin-1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STX1A'' gene. Function Synaptic vesicles store neurotransmitters that are released during calcium-regulated exocytosis. The specificity of neurotransmitter release requires the localization of both synaptic vesicles and calcium channels to the chemical synapse, presynaptic active zone. Syntaxins function in this vesicle fusion process. Syntaxin-1A is a member of the syntaxin superfamily. Syntaxins are nervous system-specific proteins implicated in the docking of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane. Syntaxins possess a single C-terminus, C-terminal transmembrane domain, a SNARE (protein), SNARE [Soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein)-Attachment protein REceptor] domain (known as H3), and an N-terminus, N-terminal regulatory domain (Habc). Syntaxins bind synaptotagmin in a calcium-dependent fashion and interact with voltage dependent calcium and potassium channels via the C-terminal H3 ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, Cell signaling, responding to stimuli, providing Cytoskeleton, structure to cells and Fibrous protein, organisms, and Intracellular transport, transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the Nucleic acid sequence, nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific Protein structure, 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called pep ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and non-coding genes. During gene expression (the synthesis of Gene product, RNA or protein from a gene), DNA is first transcription (biology), copied into RNA. RNA can be non-coding RNA, directly functional or be the intermediate protein biosynthesis, template for the synthesis of a protein. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring, is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits from one generation to the next. These genes make up different DNA sequences, together called a genotype, that is specific to every given individual, within the gene pool of the population (biology), population of a given species. The genotype, along with environmental and developmental factors, ultimately determines the phenotype ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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STX4
Syntaxin-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STX4'' gene. Interactions STX4 has been shown to Protein-protein interaction, interact with: * Gelsolin, * NAPA (gene), NAPA, * RAB4A, * SNAP-25, * SNAP23, * STXBP1, * STXBP5, * Syntaxin binding protein 3, * TXLNB, * VAMP2, * VAMP3, and * Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * {{Vesicular transport proteins ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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SNAP23
Synaptosomal-associated protein 23 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SNAP23'' gene. Two alternative transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. Function Specificity of vesicular transport is regulated, in part, by the interaction of a vesicle-associated membrane protein termed synaptobrevin/VAMP with a target compartment membrane protein termed syntaxin. These proteins, together with SNAP25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa), form a complex which serves as a binding site for the general membrane fusion machinery. Synaptobrevin/VAMP and syntaxin are believed to be involved in vesicular transport in most, if not all cells, while SNAP25 is present almost exclusively in the brain, suggesting that a ubiquitously expressed homolog of SNAP25 exists to facilitate transport vesicle/target membrane fusion in other tissues. SNAP23 is structurally and functionally similar to SNAP25 and binds tightly to multiple syntaxins ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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STX8
Syntaxin-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STX8'' gene. Syntaxin 8 directly interacts with HECTd3 and has similar subcellular localization. The protein has been shown to form the SNARE complex with syntaxin 7, vti1b and endobrevin. These function as the machinery for the homotypic fusion of late endosomes. Interactions STX8 has been shown to interact with Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8, VTI1B and STX7 Syntaxin-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STX7'' gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{Vesicular transport proteins Genes mutated in mice ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |