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Ush Zhuz
Üsh Zhüz () was a Kazakh socialist political party. Founded in the wake of the Central Asian revolt of 1916 and the Russian Revolution of 1917, the party supported Pan-Turkism, federal republicanism and land reform. It was opposed to the Alash party, which aligned with the White movement, while Üsh Zhüz itself aligned with the Bolsheviks and eventually merged into the Communist Party of Turkestan. Some of its leading members, including Turar Ryskulov, became prominent figures within the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (TASSR). History During the Central Asian revolt of 1916, the Kazakh activist established the newspaper ''Alash'' in order to publicise support for the proposal of Alash Autonomy. It ceased publication during the Russian Revolution of 1917, by which point Aitpenov had dropped support for the Alash party and moved to establish a new political party. Üsh Zhüz was established in Omsk in November 1917, and later moved its headquarters to Tashk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alash (party)
Alash (, ; ) was a political party and liberation movement in the Russian Republic and Soviet Russia, and the ruling party of Alash Autonomy on the territory of present-day Kazakhstan and Russia. They advocated for equal treatment between Kazakhs and Russians and the cessation of Russian settlement on the Kazakh lands. It was notably the first modern organized political Kazakh and Kyrgyz elite group. Alash party attempted to reinforce Kazakh identity rather than embracing Russian identities. Western secularism and ties to the Muslim world were the major dividing issues among the party intelligentsia and the Kazakh elites, through the Russian Civil War. Chairman of the party and president of the Alash Autonomy was Alikhan Bokeikhanov. Prior to the formation of Alash party, he and other notable members of the party were members of the liberal Constitutional Democratic Party, which they maintained some relations with. Alash party ceased to exist on 26 August 1920, after the Bols ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Movement
The White movement,. The old spelling was retained by the Whites to differentiate from the Reds. also known as the Whites, was one of the main factions of the Russian Civil War of 1917–1922. It was led mainly by the Right-wing politics, right-leaning and Conservatism, conservative officers of the Russian Empire, while the Bolsheviks who led the October Revolution in Russia, also known as the ''Reds'', and their supporters, were regarded as the main enemies of the Whites. It operated as a loose system of governments and administrations and military formations collectively referred to as the White Army, or the White Guard. Although the White movement included a variety of political opinions in Russia opposed to the Bolsheviks, from the republican-minded liberals through monarchists to the ultra-nationalist Black Hundreds, and did not have a universally-accepted leader or doctrine, the main force behind the movement were the conservative officers, and the resulting movement shared ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberal Democracy
Liberal democracy, also called Western-style democracy, or substantive democracy, is a form of government that combines the organization of a democracy with ideas of liberalism, liberal political philosophy. Common elements within a liberal democracy are: elections between or among Pluralism (political philosophy), multiple distinct political parties; a separation of powers into different branches of government; the rule of law in everyday life as part of an open society; a market economy with private property; universal suffrage; and the equal protection of human rights, civil rights, civil liberties, and political freedoms for all citizens. Substantive democracy refers to substantive rights and substantive laws, which can include substantive equality, the equality of outcome for subgroups in society."What is substantive equality?". Equal Opportunity Commission, Government of Western Australia. November 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2018 Liberal democracy emphasizes the separation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amankeldı İmanov
Amankeldı Üderbaiūly İmanov (; – 20 April or 18 May 1919), often referred to mononymously as Amankeldı or Amangeldy, was a Kazakh revolutionary who was leader of the Central Asian revolt of 1916 in Kazakhstan. Later fighting alongside the Red Army, he was killed under unclear circumstances in April 1919. He has since emerged as a Kazakh folk hero for his leadership of the revolt. Early life Amankeldı Üderbaiūly İmanov was born on 3 April 1873 into a family of poor nomads in the Turgaysky Uyezd of the Turgay Oblast (Russian Empire), Turgay Oblast (now the Amangeldi District in Kostanay Region). His grandfather was , a Kazakh rebel commander during the Rebellion of Kenesary Kasymov. When Amankeldı was young, he was sent to an aul mullah, where he spent three years before another four-year stint at a madrasa. In this time, he learned Arabic, Persian language, Persian, and Turkish language, Turkish. İmanov's early political beliefs were influenced by those of Ybyra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
