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Upper Chehalis Language
Upper Chehalis ( ; ) is a Tsamosan language historically spoken by the Satsop and Upper Chehalis people in western Washington state. Classification Upper Chehalis is within the Tsamosan branch of the Salishan language family. Within the Tsamosan languages, Upper Chehalis is within the Inland branch, alongside Cowlitz. Despite its name, it is more closely related to Cowlitz than Lower Chehalis, which is within the Maritime branch alongside Quinault. The Proto-Salish language likely originated north on the Salish Sea, near the mouth of the Fraser River. The ancestors of the speakers of the Tsamosan branch likely branched off around the same time as the Interior Salishan languages branched off, settling south of Puget Sound, eventually occupying as far as the Pacific Coast. These speakers were the ancestors of the Tsamosan languages today. Before they reached the coast, another branch headed further south and became the ancestors of the Tillamook language on the Oregon C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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United States
The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguous states border Canada to the north and Mexico to the south, with the semi-exclave of Alaska in the northwest and the archipelago of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The United States asserts sovereignty over five Territories of the United States, major island territories and United States Minor Outlying Islands, various uninhabited islands in Oceania and the Caribbean. It is a megadiverse country, with the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest land area and List of countries and dependencies by population, third-largest population, exceeding 340 million. Its three Metropolitan statistical areas by population, largest metropolitan areas are New York metropolitan area, New York, Greater Los Angeles, Los Angel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Tillamook Language
Tillamook is an extinct Salishan language, formerly spoken by the Tillamook people in northwestern Oregon, United States. The last fluent speaker was Minnie Scovell who died in 1972. In an effort to prevent the language from being lost, a group of researchers from the University of Hawaii interviewed the few remaining Tillamook speakers and created a 120-page dictionary. Phonology Vowels Consonants Internal rounding The so-called "rounded" consonants (traditionally marked with the diacritic , but here indicated with ), including rounded vowels and (), are not actually labialized. The acoustic effect of labialization is created entirely inside the mouth by cupping the tongue (sulcalization). Uvulars with this distinctive internal rounding have "a kind of timbre" while "rounded" front velars have coloring. These contrast and oppose otherwise very similar segments having or coloring—the "unrounded" consonants. is also formed with this internal rounding instead ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Moribund Language
An endangered language or moribund language is a language that is at risk of disappearing as its speakers die out or shift to speaking other languages. Language loss occurs when the language has no more native speakers and becomes a " dead language". If no one can speak the language at all, it becomes an "extinct language". A dead language may still be studied through recordings or writings, but it is still dead or extinct unless there are fluent speakers left. Although languages have always become extinct throughout human history, endangered languages are currently dying at an accelerated rate because of globalization, mass migration, cultural replacement, imperialism, neocolonialism and linguicide (language killing). Language shift most commonly occurs when speakers switch to a language associated with social or economic power or one spoken more widely, leading to the gradual decline and eventual death of the endangered language. The process of language shift is often influen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Boistfort, Washington
Boistfort () is an unincorporated community in the northwest United States, in Lewis County, Washington, about southwest of Chehalis. Boistfort established, in 1853, the first public school and school district in Lewis County and the Territory of Washington. The community was originally chosen for the site of the University of Washington. Etymology The town began in a valley and prairie known as the Baw Faw Prairie. The community intentionally adopted the French name Boisfort, which was pronounced as "Baw Faw", and was fitting for the area as the word has been translated as "heart of the forest", "strong wood or heavy forest" or "small valley surrounded by green hills". The spelling was officially changed to Boistfort. The Boistfort name has no connection to a fort or the pioneer Borst family. History The first non-indigenous settlers to the Boistfort prairie was the family of Charles and Elizabeth White who migrated from Peoria, Illinois beginning in April 1851. Traveling n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Pe Ell, Washington
Pe Ell () is a town in Lewis County, Washington, United States. The population was 642 at the 2020 census. Etymology The community was almost named Mauermanna, named after one of the first non-indigenous settlers in the area, Joe Mauermann, who objected to the honor. The name Pe Ell was chosen and there are several versions of the backstory of the moniker, none of which can be authenticated. The more accepted version is that the name comes from the attempts of the local Indians to pronounce the first name of an early French-Canadian settler, Pierre Charles, who was an ex- Hudson's Bay employee. The account has it that the Indians could not pronounce Pierre, and their attempts turned it into Pe Ell. Another rendition is that P and L were the first initials for Pierre Charles and his Indian wife. Two words were made from the initials: "Pe Ell". A differing, distinct account is that Charlie Pershell, a Frenchman, settled in the area and married an Indian woman. The Indians found i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Chehalis, Washington
Chehalis ( ) is a city in and the county seat of Lewis County, Washington, United States. The population was 7,439 at the time of the 2020 census. The city is located in the Chehalis valley and is split by Interstate 5 (I-5) and State Route 6. It is twinned with the bordering city of Centralia. The communities of Napavine and Newaukum lie directly south, with the town of Adna to the west. Due to the community's location on the Chehalis River, and the nearby confluences of the Newaukum and Skookumchuck rivers, the city has experienced several historic flooding events during its history. Incorporated in 1883, Chehalis was primarily a logging and railroad town, with a shift towards farming in the mid-20th century. The city has bolstered its economy in the 21st century with a focus in manufacturing and warehousing. Chehalis is home to the historic neighborhood of Claquato, the Chehalis–Centralia Airport, and the Southwest Washington Fairgrounds. The city has several disti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Tenino, Washington
Tenino () is a city in Thurston County, Washington, United States. The population was 1,870 at the 2020 census. Incorporated in 1906, the city sits upon land first established as a food-source prairie for Native Americans living in the area. The town grew around an economy of stone quarrying, with local sandstone being used in several government and university buildings in the Pacific Northwest. With a decrease in demand for stone, the town converted one abandoned quarry into a community pool. Its downtown district is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Tenino gained notoriety during the Great Depression for the use of wooden money as public currency for its residents, a practice briefly revived during the COVID-19 pandemic. The city was named for a steamboat used during a railroad committee expedition. Etymology The origin of the name Tenino, used by the Northern Pacific Railroad for their station when it was completed on October 8, 1872, has been debated for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Oakville, Washington
Oakville is a city in Grays Harbor County, Washington, United States. It was incorporated in 1905, with booming lumber, railway, and farming industries creating the early foundation of the community. The population was 715 at the 2020 census. History In 1818, the United States and Great Britain agreed to a treaty of joint occupancy in the Oregon Country, which included the land that would eventually become Oakville, Washington. Over the next several decades, citizens of the United States began to settle in the area. As traveling by boat was easier than moving through the dense forests, many used the river system, entering from the port of Grays Harbor and canoeing inland via the Chehalis River. The British government gave full ownership of the area to the United States in 1846. In 1850, the land in the area was mainly open prairie, maintained by yearly fires started deliberately by local tribes, which kept the forest from encroaching and which encouraged the bloom of camas, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Black River (Chehalis River Tributary)
The Black River is a river in Thurston County, Washington, Thurston County in the U.S. state of Washington (state), Washington. It is approximately long with a drainage basin of about . History The fur trader John Work was the first to describe the Black River in 1824: "The Black River so named from the colour of its water ... A great many dead salmon are in the river, and many that are just alive and barely able to move through the water." Course The Black River's source is Black Lake, located about west of Tumwater, Washington, Tumwater. The river flows generally south, through Littlerock, Washington, Littlerock, near the Mima Mounds Natural Area Preserve, then southwest, passing through the Black River Habitat Management Area and the town of Rochester, Washington, Rochester, before meandering west through the community of Gate, Washington, Gate and entering Grays Harbor County, Washington, Grays Harbor County, where it empties into the Chehalis River (Washington), Chehalis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Satsop River
The Satsop River is a stream in the U.S. state of Washington. It has three main tributary forks, the East Fork, West Fork, and Middle Fork Satsop Rivers. The main stem Satsop River is formed by the confluence of the West and East Forks. The Middle Fork is a tributary of the East Fork. The three forks are much longer than the main stem Satsop itself, which flows south from the confluence only a few miles to join the Chehalis River near Satsop, Washington. Other significant tributaries include the Canyon River and Little River, both tributaries of the West Fork Satsop, and Decker Creek, a tributary of the East Fork Satsop River. The Satsop River's major tributaries originate in the Olympic Mountains and its southern foothills, the Satsop Hills, within Grays Harbor and Mason counties. Most of the Satsop River's watershed consists of heavily wooded hill lands. The upper tributaries extend into Olympic National Forest, approaching but not quite reaching Olympic National Park. The S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Mud Bay, Thurston County, Washington
Mud Bay is the southernmost reach of Puget Sound, at Eld Inlet just outside the city limits of Olympia, Washington. The name Eld Inlet was officially bestowed after a member of the U.S. Navy's Wilkes Expedition, but "Mud Bay" is a local, informal adoption. It was once a highly productive ground for the Olympia Oyster. The first Indian Shaker Church building was constructed above the bay c. 1890, Mud Bay being the home of the founder Sam "Mud Bay Sam" Yowaluch, the first Bishop of the church. The Mud Bay Logging Company ran a railroad to the bay where they had a log dump. Landmarks and attractions A roadside attraction was placed at the bay near U.S. Route 101 in 2002: a set of larger-than-life metal sculptures of cows and a bull created by Western Washington sculptor Gary Vig. The bull is long and weighs 3 tons. An interpretive sign about the landing of Peter Puget at Mud Bay was placed by the county's historical commission along Mud Bay Road. The William Cannon Footpath ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Rainbow Falls State Park
Rainbow Falls State Park is a public recreation area on the Chehalis River (Washington), Chehalis River. It is situated off Washington State Route 6, State Route 6 and is approximately east of Dryad, Washington. The state park's rests on grounds originally part of an inland sea. Geological features include of shoreline of basalt rock formed 17 million years ago and the waterfall for which the park is named. Surviving Old growth forest, old-growth trees, some of the last standing in the Chehalis Valley, occupy the site. The park was built by the Civilian Conservation Corps, completed in 1935. Flooding of the Chehalis River has led to several damages at the park, including the loss of some waterfall features and a popular footbridge after the Great Coastal Gale of 2007. Amenities include campgrounds, miles of trails, and can be accessed by a short spur route of the Willapa Hills Trail. Rainbow Falls State Park is the end point of the annual Pe Ell, Washington, Pe Ell River R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |