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Unterleutnant
Unterleutnant (NPA-original abbreviation ''Ultn.''; en: translation "Under-lieutenant" or "sub-lieutenant") was an officer rank of the armies of East Germany and other nations. The rank was first introduced in 1662–74 by France and was also adopted by some other countries' armed forces. In the East German National People's Army from 1956 to 1990, ''Unterleutnant'' was the lowest commissioned officer rank. It belonged to the rank group of lieutenants or subaltern officers. The equivalent rank of the Volksmarine was Unterleutnant zur See (en: "sub-lieutenant at sea"). Germany Empire, Weimar Republic, Third Reich, Federal Republic In a number of German armed forces of the 19th century before German unification in 1871 there was the following graduation: Oberleutnant (''Premierlieutenant'') and Leutnant (''Secondelieutenant''); without the rank ''Unterleutnant''. However, until 1898 there was the rank ''Unterleutnant zur See'' in the Imperial German Navy. This rank was equ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unterleutnant Zur See
Unterleutnant (NPA-original abbreviation ''Ultn.''; English language, en: translation "Under-lieutenant" or "sub-lieutenant") was an officer rank of the armies of East Germany and other nations. The rank was first introduced in 1662–74 by France and was also adopted by some other countries' armed forces. In the East German National People's Army from 1956 to 1990, ''Unterleutnant'' was the lowest commissioned officer rank. It belonged to the rank group of lieutenants or subaltern officers. The equivalent rank of the Volksmarine was Unterleutnant zur See (en: "sub-lieutenant at sea"). Germany Empire, Weimar Republic, Third Reich, Federal Republic In a number of German armed forces of the 19th century before German unification in 1871 there was the following graduation: Oberleutnant (''Premierlieutenant'') and Leutnant (''Secondelieutenant''); without the rank ''Unterleutnant''. However, until 1898 there was the rank ''Unterleutnant zur See'' in the Imperial German Navy. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ranks Of The National People's Army
The Ranks of the National People's Army were the military insignia used by the National People's Army, the army of the German Democratic Republic, from 1956 to 1990. Design The design of the rank insignias followed the tradition of the German Army () with some modifications. For example, the cuff titles (chevron insignias) of the were replaced by Soviet-styled shoulder straps with cross-stripes. Shoulder strap rank insignias Commissioned officer ranks up to featured four-pointed golden stars in increasing number according to seniority, and arranged following the Soviet pattern. Junior officer (lieutenant and captain ranks) shoulder straps were made of silver satin string (). had a single golden star, two side-by-side stars, and three stars in a triangle. rank had a fourth star above the triangular formation. Senior officer shoulder straps were twisted silver cords, had a single star, two stars, and three stars, again arranged following the Soviet example. Generals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fähnrich (NPA)
Fähnrich () is an officer candidate rank in the Austrian Bundesheer and German Bundeswehr. The word comes from an older German military title, (flag bearer), and first became a distinct military rank in Germany on 1 January 1899. However, ranks are often incorrectly compared with the rank of ensign, which shares a similar etymology but is a full-fledged (albeit junior) commissioned officer rank. In the German Landsknecht armies, recorded from ca. 1480, the equivalent rank of a Cornet existed. The cornet carried the troop standard, also known as a "cornet". The rank also exists in a few other European military organizations, often with historical ties to the German system. Examples are the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland (see Fänrik). The French Army has a similar position called an ''Aspirant''. In the Finnish Army and Air Force, () is the lowest commissioned officer rank, which is granted to the soldiers in the national service that have completed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leutnant
() is the lowest junior officer rank in the armed forces of Germany ( Bundeswehr), the Austrian Armed Forces, and the military of Switzerland. History The German noun (with the meaning "" (in English "deputy") from Middle High German «locum tenens» (in English "place holder") was derived from the French word about 1500. In most German-speaking armies it is the lowest officer rank (in German-speaking navies (English "Lieutenant at sea")). In the German Bundeswehr the ranks and belong to the rank group. In some other armed forces (such as the former National People's Army) there is the lower grade of Unterleutnant. From about 1500 until the middle of the 17th century the designation of was commonly used for any deputy to a commanding officer. So at the army level there was the appointment of (English "lieutenant-general"), at the regimental level there was that of (English "lieutenant-colonel"), and at the company level the was deputy to a (English "captain"). Wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Underlöjtnant
''Underlöjtnant'' (from the German word '' Unterleutnant'') was the lowest officer rank in the Swedish Army from 1835 to 1937 instead of the previous ranks of ''fänrik'' and cornet. was reintroduced in 1914 with the same position as , from 1926 with lower position. History was introduced as a military rank in Sweden in 1835 instead of ''fänrik''. '' Fanjunkare'', who served with distinction, was often promoted after leaving active service to in the Swedish Army. With the 1914 Army Order, Naval Plan and Plan for the Fixed Coastal Defence Organization (), the rank of was reintroduced as a name for a newly commissioned officer, who completed two years of probationary service. The would have s position and salary benefits but be appointed by Warrant of Appointment. The Minister of Defence proposed (Bill 1924:20) that certain should receive a rank above the rank of - with the position of '' löjtnant''. They would be called '' sekundlöjtnanter'' ("second lieutenants"). wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volkspolizei
The (DVP, German for "German People's Police"), commonly known as the or VoPo, was the national uniformed police force of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) from 1945 to 1990. The Volkspolizei was a highly- centralized agency responsible for most civilian law enforcement in East Germany, maintaining roughly 257,500 personnel at its peak. It worked closely along with the Stasi to maintain public order and identify threats to the government. History The was effectively founded in June 1945 when the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SVAG) established central police forces in the regions of Nazi Germany it occupied following after World War II. The SVAG approved the arming of community-level police forces on 31 October 1945, but remained a non-militarised force, and by 1946 the comprised some 22,000 personnel. The police force experienced several challenges at this time: the proportion of non-trained personnel between 65 and 95% undermined its profes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of East Germany
The first flag of East Germany, officially the East Germany, German Democratic Republic, was a tricolour of black, red and gold, identical to the flags of the Weimar Republic, West Germany, and Federal Republic of Germany, present-day Germany. From 1959 until the unification of Germany in 1990, it was charged with the National emblem of East Germany, national emblem, consisting of a hammer and compass inside a wreath of wheat, centered on a red background. The second flag's design and symbolism were derived from the flag of the Weimar Republic and communist symbolism. The flag was outlawed as an unconstitutional and criminal symbol in West Germany and West Berlin, where it was referred to as the ('secessionist flag') until the late 1960s. Symbolism and design With relations deteriorating between the Soviet Union and the United States, the three Western Allies met in March 1948 to merge their zones of occupation and allow the formation of what became the Federal Republic of Ger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Justice
Military justice (or military law) is the body of laws and procedures governing members of the armed forces. Many nation-states have separate and distinct bodies of law that govern the conduct of members of their armed forces. Some states use special judicial and other arrangements to enforce those laws, while others use civilian judicial systems. Legal issues unique to military justice include the preservation of good order and discipline, the legality of orders, and appropriate conduct for members of the military. Some states enable their military justice systems to deal with civil offenses committed by their armed forces in some circumstances. Military justice is distinct from martial law, which is the imposition of military authority on a civilian population as a substitute for civil authority, and is often declared in times of emergency, war, or civil unrest. Most countries restrict when and in what manner martial law may be declared and enforced. Canada All Comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hauptmann (officer)
() is an officer rank in the armies of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. It is usually translated as ''captain''. Background While in contemporary German means 'main', it also has, and originally had, the meaning of 'head', i.e. ' literally translates to 'head-man', which is also the etymological root of ''captain'' (from Latin , 'head'). This rank is equivalent to the rank of captain in the British and US Armies, and is rated OF-2 in NATO. : Currently, there is no female form within the German military (such as ''Hauptfrau''): the correct form of address is "''Frau Hauptmann''." More generally, a Hauptmann can be the head of any hierarchically structured group of people, often as a compound word. For example, a is the captain of a fire brigade, while refers to the leader of a gang of robbers. Official Austrian and German titles incorporating the word include , , , and . In Saxony during the Weimar Republic, the titles of , and were held by senior civil servants. ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abitur
''Abitur'' (), often shortened colloquially to ''Abi'', is a qualification granted at the end of secondary education in Germany. It is conferred on students who pass their final exams at the end of ISCED 3, usually after twelve or thirteen years of schooling (see also, for Germany, ''Abitur'' after twelve years). In German, the term has roots in the older word meaning "Leave (Graduation) exam/diploma", which in turn was derived from the Latin (future active participle of , thus "someone who is going to leave"). As a matriculation examination, ''Abitur'' can be compared to A levels, the '' Matura'' or the International Baccalaureate Diploma, which are all ranked as level 4 in the European Qualifications Framework. In Germany Overview The ("certificate of general qualification for university entrance"), often referred to as ("''Abitur'' certificate"), issued after candidates have passed their final exams and have had appropriate grades in both the last and second last s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coat Of Arms Of NVA (East Germany)
A coat is typically an outer garment for the upper body, worn by any gender for warmth or fashion. Coats typically have long sleeves and are open down the front, and closing by means of buttons, zippers, hook-and-loop fasteners (AKA velcro), toggles, a belt, or a combination of some of these. Other possible features include collars, shoulder straps, and hoods. Etymology ''Coat'' is one of the earliest clothing category words in English, attested as far back as the early Middle Ages. (''See also'' Clothing terminology.) The Oxford English Dictionary traces ''coat'' in its modern meaning to , when it was written ''cote'' or ''cotte''. The word coat stems from Old French and then -4; we might wonder whether there's a point at which it's appropriate to talk of the beginnings of French, that is, when it wa ... and then Latin ''cottus.'' It originates from the Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European word for woolen clothes. An early use of ''coat'' in English is Mail ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stabsfeldwebel
''Stabsfeldwebel '' (StFw or SF; ) is the second highest Non-commissioned officer (NCO) rank in German Army and German Air Force. It is grouped as OR-8 in NATO, equivalent to a First Sergeant in the United States Army, and to Warrant Officer Class 2 in the British Army. Promotion to the rank requires at least twelve years total active duty, of which at least eleven years have elapsed since promotion to ''unteroffizier'', with at least ten years since promotion to ''stabsunteroffizier'', and nine years since promotion to '' feldwebel''. In army/ air force context NCOs of this rank were formally addressed as ''Herr Stabsfeldwebel'' also informally / short ''Staber''. History Austria-Hungary The ranks ''Stabsfeldwebel'', ''Stabsoberjäger'', ''Stabsfeuerwerker'' and ''Stabswachtmeister'' were introduced to the Austro-Hungarian Army in 1913. Germany The rank was introduced in 1938 by the German Army as the highest NCO rank, and was equivalent to the ''Kriegsmarines ''Stabsob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
