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Union Of Democratic Control
The Union of Democratic Control was a British advocacy group, pressure group formed in 1914 to press for a more responsive foreign policy. While not a pacifism, pacifist organisation, it was opposed to military influence in government. World War I The impetus for the formation of the UDC was the outbreak of the First World War, which its founders saw as having resulted from largely secret international understandings which were not subject to democratic overview. The principal founders were Charles Philips Trevelyan, Charles P. Trevelyan, a Liberal Party (UK), Liberal government minister who had resigned his post in opposition to the declaration of war, and Ramsay MacDonald who resigned as Chairman of the Labour Party (UK), Labour Party when it supported the government's war budget. Also taking a key role in setting up the Union were politician Arthur Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede, Arthur Ponsonby, author Norman Angell and journalist E. D. Morel. Following an initial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Advocacy Group
Advocacy groups, also known as lobby groups, interest groups, special interest groups, pressure groups, or public associations, use various forms of advocacy or lobbying to influence public opinion and ultimately public policy. They play an important role in the development of political and social systems. Motives for action may be based on Politics, political, Economy, economic, religious, morality, moral, commerce, commercial or common good-based positions. Groups Methods used by advocacy groups, use varied methods to try to achieve their aims, including lobbying, media campaigns, consciousness raising, awareness raising publicity stunts, Opinion poll, polls, research, and policy briefings. Some groups are supported or backed by powerful business or political interests and exert considerable influence on the political process, while others have few or no such resources. Some have developed into important social, and political institutions or social movements. Some powerful advo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Thomas John
Edward Thomas John (14 March 1857 – 16 February 1931), known as E.T. John, was a radical Welsh Liberal Party politician who later joined the Labour Party. Background He was born in Pontypridd on 15 March 1857, the son of John John and Margaret Morgan. He married in 1881, Margaret Rees of Caerwiga Pendoylan, Glamorgan. They had three sons and two daughters.Who Was Who Career He was a Welsh Nationalist and Pacifist. He served as Liberal Member of Parliament for East Denbighshire from 1910–18. His Welsh Nationalism dominated his early profile in parliament and he wrote a number of publications; ''Wales, its notable Sons and Daughters; St. David's Day Addresses Delivered Before the Cleveland and Durham Welsh National Society, 1905–1910 911 Home Rule for Wales; Addresses to "young Wales" 912 Cymru a'r Gymraeg. 916and Wales, its Politics and Economics.'' He made contributions to Welsh Monthlies and Quarterlies; ''y Beirniad'', ''y Genedl'', ''Wales'', '' The Welsh Outlook'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tom Johnston (Scottish Politician)
Thomas Johnston (2 November 1881 – 5 September 1965) was a prominent Scottish socialist journalist who became a politician of the early 20th century, a member of the Labour Party, a member of parliament (MP) and government minister – usually with Cabinet responsibility for Scottish affairs. He was also a notable figure in the Friendly society movement in Scotland. Red Clydesider Johnston was the son of David Johnston, a grocer, and his wife, Mary Blackwood. He was born in Kirkintilloch in 1881 and educated at Kirkintilloch Board School then at Lenzie Academy. Studying Moral Philosophy and Political Economy at the University of Glasgow, he failed to graduate, but helped launch the left-wing journal, '' Forward'', in 1906, and in the same city later became associated with the 'Red Clydesiders', a socialist grouping that included James Maxton and Manny Shinwell. In 1909 he published a book, ''Our Scots Noble Families'', which aimed to discredit the landed aristocracy. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence
Frederick William Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence, PC (né Lawrence; 28 December 1871 – 10 September 1961) was a British Labour politician who, among other things, campaigned for women's suffrage. Background and education Born in London as Frederick William Lawrence, he was the son of wealthy Unitarians who were members of the Liberal Party. Three of his father's brothers, William, James, and Edwin, were politically active in various roles, including as Lord Mayor of London and as members of parliament. Frederick was educated at Wixenford, Eton, and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was a member of Cambridge University Liberal Club. He then became a barrister. Political career Lawrence met and fell in love with Emmeline Pethick, an active socialist and campaigner for women's votes. They finally married in 1901 after Lawrence converted to socialism. They kept separate bank accounts and they both took the surname 'Pethick Lawrence' (later Pethick-La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Crawford Anderson
William Crawford Anderson (13 February 1877 – 25 February 1919) was a British socialist politician. Born in 1877 at Findon, Aberdeenshire, the name Crawford in fact does not appear on his birth certificate. His father Francis Anderson was a blacksmith, who married in 1868, Barbara Cruickshank, an ardent radical; she being responsible for Anderson's education, she was an intelligent and widely read woman of strong, Political radicalism, radical, Presbyterianism, Presbyterian views who encouraged William to read extensively. At the age of sixteen he was apprenticed in Aberdeen as a manufacturing chemist and began to attend meetings of the local Social Democratic Federation (SDF), at this time he also followed Tom Mann’s campaign for the by-election in 1896. After listening to an eloquent speech by Carrie Martyn at an SDF meeting, he became intent on improving himself and began to read rigorously; he read everything from Dickens, Ruskin, Thackeray and Hardy, to name but a few ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden
Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden, Privy Council of the United Kingdom, PC (; 18 July 1864 – 15 May 1937) was a British politician. A strong speaker, he became popular in trade union circles for his denunciation of capitalism as unethical and his promise of a socialist utopia. He was the first Labour Party (UK), Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer, a position he held in 1924 and again between 1929 and 1931. He broke with Labour policy in 1931, and was expelled from the party and excoriated as a turncoat, as the party was overwhelmingly crushed that year by the National Government (1931), National Government coalition that Snowden supported. He was succeeded as Chancellor by Neville Chamberlain. Early life: 1864–1906 Snowden was born on 18 July 1864 in Cowling, Craven, Cowling in the West Riding of Yorkshire. His father John Snowden had been a weaver and a supporter of Chartism, and later a Gladstonian liberal. Snowden later wrote in his autobiography: "I was brought up i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick William Jowett
Frederick William Jowett (31 January 1864 – 1 February 1944) was a British Labour Party (UK), Labour politician, who served as First Commissioner of Works in the first Labour government, and therefore in the First MacDonald ministry, Cabinet of Ramsay MacDonald. Early life Jowett was born in Bradford, West Yorkshire, on 31 January 1864. He received little formal education and at the age of eight was working half-time at the local textile mill, moving to full-time work at the age of 13.J.A. Jowitt, "Frederick William Jowett," in A. Thomas Lane, ''Biographical Dictionary of European Labor Leaders: A-L.'' Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1995; pg. 464. In 1886, he was promoted to overlooker and after attending evening classes in weaving and design at Bradford Technical College (now the University of Bradford), was employed as a manager at the mill. As a young man Jowett read the works of William Morris and in 1887 he joined the Socialist League (UK, 1885), Socialist League. This ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sophia Sturge
Sophia Sturge (1849–1936) was a British Quaker suffragist, social reformer and peace campaigner who carried out activities in opposition to World War I. Life Sturge was born in Edgbaston, Birmingham, England on 5 January 1849. She was the first daughter of the Quaker abolitionist Joseph Sturge and his second wife Hannah Sturge born Dickinson. Her aunt of the same name was Joseph’s sister, and was, like Joseph, an important member of the anti-slavery movement. After an education at home, Sophia Sturge devoted her life to philanthropy and to attempts at reform. She was a pacifist who emphasised peace-making by women, worked with the Neutrality League to oppose WWI, initiated a programme to help enemy aliens in WWI and contributed to post-war relief for German children. Sturge was a president of Young British Women's Temperance Association and a member of the Women's Liberal Social Council. She was a strong supporter of suffragism. As a supporter of the Irish Home Rule mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bertrand Russell
Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, and public intellectual. He had influence on mathematics, logic, set theory, and various areas of analytic philosophy.Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy"Bertrand Russell", 1 May 2003. He was one of the early 20th century's prominent logicians and a founder of analytic philosophy, along with his predecessor Gottlob Frege, his friend and colleague G. E. Moore, and his student and protégé Ludwig Wittgenstein. Russell with Moore led the British "revolt against British idealism, idealism". Together with his former teacher Alfred North Whitehead, A. N. Whitehead, Russell wrote ''Principia Mathematica'', a milestone in the development of classical logic and a major attempt to reduce the whole of mathematics to logic (see logicism). Russell's article "On Denoting" has been considered a "paradigm of philosophy". Russell was a Pacifism, pacifist who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konni Zilliacus
Konni Zilliacus (13 September 1894 – 6 July 1967) was a British politician, diplomat and writer who was the Member of Parliament for Gateshead from 1945 until 1950, and for Manchester Gorton from 1955 until his death. He was a left-wing Labour Party politician. Zilliacus spoke nine languages fluently and international issues absorbed much of his energy, both as an official of the League of Nations between the wars, and as a member of the House of Commons in the post-war period. He was widely considered to have had communist sympathies. Having come into conflict with the Labour Party leadership, he was expelled from the party in 1949. In 1950 he lost his seat in parliament, was re-admitted by Labour in 1952, and returned to the Commons in 1955. Zilliacus campaigned for less spending on weapons. He was a founder member of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and opposed the Vietnam War. His father was Konrad Viktor Zilliacus, a Finnish independence activist. Early l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Cadbury
George Cadbury (19 September 1839 – 24 October 1922) was an English Quakers, Quaker businessman and social reformer who expanded his father's Cadbury, Cadbury's cocoa and chocolate company in Britain. Background George Cadbury was the son of John Cadbury, a tea and coffee dealer, and his wife Candia. The Cadburys were members of the Quakers, Society of Friends or Quakers. He worked at a school for adults on Sundays with no pay, despite only going to the school himself till he was fifteen. At sixteen, he was apprenticed to Joseph Rowntree, in York, to learn the grocery trade. Cadbury Brothers Limited When his family firm was in trouble, due to his father’s declining health after his mother’s death from tuberculosis in 1855, he moved back to Birmingham without having completed his apprenticeship. His older brother Richard Cadbury, Richard was already working in their father’s business, and the two brothers took over the chocolate producer Cadbury, Cadbury Brothers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lady Ottoline Morrell
Lady Ottoline Violet Anne Morrell (née Cavendish-Bentinck; 16 June 1873 – 21 April 1938) was an English Aristocracy (class), aristocrat and society hostess. Her patronage was influential in artistic and intellectual circles, where she befriended writers including Aldous Huxley, Siegfried Sassoon, T. S. Eliot and D. H. Lawrence, and artists including Mark Gertler (artist), Mark Gertler, Dora Carrington and Gilbert Spencer. Early life Born Ottoline Violet Anne Cavendish-Bentinck, she was the daughter of Lieutenant-General Arthur Cavendish-Bentinck (son of Lord Charles Bentinck, Lord and Lady Charles Bentinck) and his second wife, the former Augusta Browne, later created Baron Bolsover, Baroness Bolsover. Lady Ottoline's great-great-uncle (through her paternal grandmother, Lady Charles Bentinck) was Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, the 1st Duke of Wellington. Through her father, Arthur, she was a first cousin once removed of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother, and thu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
