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Uncas (brig)
''Uncas'' was one of three brigs used as slave ships that were owned by the American slave-trading firm Franklin & Armfield. ''Uncas'' was built in Connecticut in 1833 and weighed 155 tons. The two-masted brig cost . She was a packet-style coastwise transport between Alexandria, Virginia and New Orleans, Louisiana. Her sisters were ''Isaac Franklin'' and ''Tribune''. Rice Ballard owned one-third of ''Uncas.'' As of approximately 1836, the master of ''Uncas'' was Nathaniel Boush. Around 1837 she was sold to slave trader William H. Williams, owner of the Yellow House ''The Yellow House'' ( nl, Het gele huis), alternatively named ''The Street'' ( nl, De straat), is an 1888 oil painting by the 19th-century Dutch Post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh. The house was the right wing of 2 Place Lamartine, Ar ... in Washington, D.C. While owned by Williams, she was used to ship 27 enslaved convicts from Virginia who had been condemned to death but were sold to Rudolph Littlejo ...
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Franklin & Armfield
The Franklin and Armfield Office, which houses the Freedom House Museum, is a historic commercial building in Alexandria, Virginia ( until 1846, the District of Columbia). Built c. 1810–20, it was first used as a private residence before being converted to the offices of the largest slave trading firm in the United States, started in 1828 by Isaac Franklin and John Armfield. "As many as million people are thought to have passed through between 1828 and 1861, on their way to bondage in Mississippi and Louisiana". Another source, using ship manifests (lists of slaves) in the National Archives, gives the number as "at least 5,000". The former Franklin & Armfield Office building is located just west of Alexandria's Old Town, on the north side of Duke Street between South West and South Payne streets. It is a three-story brick building, topped by a mansard roof and resting on a brick foundation. Its front facade is laid in Flemish bond, while the sides and rear are laid in commo ...
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Packet Boat
Packet boats were medium-sized boats designed for domestic mail, passenger, and freight transportation in European countries and in North American rivers and canals, some of them steam driven. They were used extensively during the 18th and 19th centuries and featured regularly scheduled service. When such ships were put into use in the 18th century on the Atlantic Ocean between Great Britain and its colonies, the services were called the packet trade. Steam driven packets were used extensively in the United States in the 19th century on the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, supplying and bringing personnel to forts and trading posts. History Packet craft were used extensively in European coastal mail services since the 17th century, and gradually added cramped passenger accommodation. Passenger accommodations were minimal: transportation, "firing" (i.e. a place to cook), drinking water (often tasting of indigo or tobacco, which the water casks had previously held), and a place ...
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Coastwise Slave Trade
The coastwise slave trade existed along the eastern coastal areas of the United States in the antebellum years prior to 1861. Shiploads and boatloads of slaves in the domestic trade were transported from place to place on the waterways. Hundreds of vessels of various sizes and capacities were used to transport the slaves, generally from markets of the Upper South, where there was a surplus of slaves, to the Deep South, where the development of new cotton plantations created high demand for labor. International tensions developed when ships were forced by weather or incident into ports in Bermuda and the British West Indies, as the British freed the slaves as part of the banned trade on the high seas, even before its abolition of slavery in its territories in 1834. There were several cases: ''Comet'' (1830), ''Encomium'' (1833), ''Enterprise'' (1835), '' Hermosa'' (1840) and, most notably, the ''Creole'' case of 1841, the result of a ship slave revolt that forced the vessel into N ...
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Alexandria, Virginia
Alexandria is an independent city in the northern region of the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately south of downtown Washington, D.C. In 2020, the population was 159,467. The city's estimated population has grown by 1% annually since 2010 on average. Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, modern Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the federal government. One of Alexandria's largest employers is the U.S. Department of Defense. Another is the Institute for Defense Analyses. In 2005, the United States Patent and Trademark Office moved to Alexandria, and in 2017, so did the headquarters of the National Science Foundation. The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town A ...
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New Orleans, Louisiana
New Orleans ( , ,New Orleans
.
; french: La Nouvelle-Orléans , es, Nueva Orleans) is a consolidated city-parish located along the in the southeastern region of the U.S. state of . With a population of 383,997 accord ...
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Isaac Franklin (brig)
The ''Isaac Franklin'' was an American Coastwise slave trade, coastwise slave ship operated in the 1830s that was initially owned by and named for slave trader Isaac Franklin. ''Isaac Franklin'' was a steam-powered brig with one deck, two masts, and a square stern, measuring 189 8/95 tons. She was described in one advertisement as "coppered [and] copper-fastened." A manifest from 1837, held at the New-York Historical Society, lists Lawrence Millaudon, a sugar planter, and George Lane, as the consignees of a shipment of 73 enslaved people sailing from Alexandria, District of Columbia, to New Orleans on the brig ''Isaac Franklin''. ''Isaac Franklin'' was sold to slave trader George Kephart of Alexandria around 1837; her sister ships ''Uncas (brig), Uncas'' and ''Tribune (brig), Tribune'' were sold to slave trader William H. Williams (slave trader), William H. Williams of Washington City, District of Columbia. One of the later owners of ''Uncas'' was Brazilian slave trader Manoel Pi ...
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Tribune (brig)
''Tribune'' was one of three brigs used as slave ships that were owned by the American slave-trading firm Franklin & Armfield. ''Tribune'' was 161 tons and was built by the shipbuilder Hezekiah Childs in Connecticut in approximately 1831. ''Tribune'' was initially used as a packet-style coastwise transport between Alexandria, Virginia and New Orleans, Louisiana. Her sisters were ''Isaac Franklin'' and ''Uncas''. As of approximately 1836, the master of ''Tribune'' was Samuel Bush. According to a report of the ''Albany Evening Journal'' that same year, "The after-hold will carry about 80 women, and the other about 100 men...On either side were two platforms running the whole length, one raised a few inches, and the other about half way up to the deck...They were about or 6 feet deep. On them they lie as close as they can stow away." Around 1837 she was sold to slave trader William H. Williams, owner of the Yellow House ''The Yellow House'' ( nl, Het gele huis), alternatively nam ...
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Rice C
Rice is the seed of the grass species ''Oryza sativa'' (Asian rice) or less commonly ''Oryza glaberrima'' (African rice). The name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera ''Zizania'' and ''Porteresia'', both wild and domesticated, although the term may also be used for primitive or uncultivated varieties of ''Oryza''. As a cereal grain, domesticated rice is the most widely consumed staple food for over half of the world's human population,Abstract, "Rice feeds more than half the world's population." especially in Asia and Africa. It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize. Since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important food crop with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans. There are many varieties of rice and culinary preferences tend to vary ...
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Nathaniel Boush
{{Infobox given name , name = Nathaniel , image = , image_size = , caption = , pronunciation = {{IPAc-en, n, ə, ˈ, θ, æ, n, i, əl , gender = Masculine , language = English , meaning = ''see Nathanael'' , region = , origin = Hebrew , related names = {{Plainlist, * Jonathan * Nathan * Nathanael , nickname = {{Plainlist, * Nat * Nate , footnotes = Nathaniel is an English variant of the biblical Greek name Nathanael. People with the name Nathaniel * Nathaniel Archibald (1952–2018), American basketball player * Nate Archibald (born 1948), American basketball player * Nathaniel Ayers (born 1951), American musician who is the subject of the 2009 film ''The Soloist'' * Nathaniel Bacon (1647–1676), Virginia colonist who instigated Bacon's Rebellion * Nathaniel Prentice Banks (1816–1894), American politician and American Civil War General * Nat Bates (born 1931), two-term mayor of Richmon ...
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William H
William is a masculine given name of Norman French origin.Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'', Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, , p. 276. It became very popular in the English language after the Norman conquest of England in 1066,All Things William"Meaning & Origin of the Name"/ref> and remained so throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern era. It is sometimes abbreviated "Wm." Shortened familiar versions in English include Will, Wills, Willy, Willie, Liam, Bill, and Billy. A common Irish form is Liam. Scottish diminutives include Wull, Willie or Wullie (as in Oor Wullie or the play ''Douglas''). Female forms are Willa, Willemina, Wilma and Wilhelmina. Etymology William is related to the German given name ''Wilhelm''. Both ultimately descend from Proto-Germanic ''*Wiljahelmaz'', with a direct cognate also in the Old Norse name ''Vilhjalmr'' and a West Germanic borrowing into Medieval Latin ''Willelmus''. The Proto-Germa ...
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The Yellow House (Washington, D
''The Yellow House'' ( nl, Het gele huis), alternatively named ''The Street'' ( nl, De straat), is an 1888 oil painting by the 19th-century Dutch Post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh. The house was the right wing of 2 Place Lamartine, Arles, France, where, on May 1, 1888, van Gogh rented four rooms. He occupied two large ones on the ground floor to serve as an atelier (workshop) and kitchen, and on the first floor, two smaller ones facing Place Lamartine. The window on the first floor nearest the corner with both shutters open is that of van Gogh's guest room, where Paul Gauguin lived for nine weeks from late October 1888. Behind the next window, with shutters nearly closed, is van Gogh's bedroom. The two small rooms at the rear were rented by van Gogh at a later time. Van Gogh indicated that the restaurant where he used to have his meals was in the building painted pink, close to the left edge of the painting (28 Place Lamartine). It was run by Widow Venissac, who was al ...
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Manoel Pinto Da Fonseca (slave Trader)
Manoel Pinto da Fonseca (10 October 180420 October 1855) was a 19th-century businessman described as "the most notorious slave dealer in all Brazil". His business was a "highly organized mercantile house capable of operating on four continents" and may have had up to 50 employees. pages 13 (deported), 27 ("highly organized") Biography Da Fonseca was born in the Porto region of Portugal in 1804. He entered the business around 1837 in company with his brothers. According to a British report based on a declaration by Da Fonseca, his profits in 1844 were £150,000. He trafficked enslaved people from Angola and the coast near the Congo River. In 1844 or 1845, Da Fonseca bought the slaving brig Uncas (brig), ''Uncas'' from Cuban shippers who had in turn bought it from American slave trader William H. Williams (slave trader), William H. Williams of Washington, D.C. ''Porpoise (slave ship), Porpoise'' and Kentucky (ship), ''Kentucky'' were also Da Fonseca's ships. Da Fonseca's major ...
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