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Umpire Specialization Course
An umpire is an official in a variety of sports and competition, responsible for enforcing the rules of the sport, including sportsmanship decisions such as ejection. The term derives from the Old French , , and , : (as evidenced in cricket">-4; we might wonder whether there's a point at which it's appropriate to talk of the beginnings of French, that is, when it wa ... , , and , : (as evidenced in cricket, where dismissal decisions can only be made on appeal). shows up around 1350 before undergoing a linguistic shift known as false splitting. It was written in 1426–1427 as ; the ''n'' was lost with the ''a'' indefinite article becoming ''an''. The earliest version without the ''n'' shows up as , a variant spelling in Middle English, circa 1440. The leading ''n'' became permanently attached to the article, changing it to around 1475. The word was applied to the officials of many sports including baseball, association football (where it has been superseded by '' assist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assistant-referee
In association football, an assistant referee (also known as a linesman) is an official who assists the referee in administering the Laws of the Game during a match. Although assistants are not required under the Laws, at most organised levels of football the match officiating crew consists of the referee and at least two assistant referees. The responsibilities of the various assistant referees are listed in Law 6, "The Other Match Officials". In the current Laws the term "assistant referee" technically refers only to the two officials who generally patrol the touchlines, with the wider range of assistants to the referee given other titles. The assistant referees' duties generally consist of judging when the ball has left the field of play – including which team is entitled to return the ball to play, judging when an offside offence has occurred, and advising the referee when an infringement of the Laws has occurred out of his or her view. These two officials are typically p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regatta
Boat racing is a sport in which boats, or other types of watercraft, race on water. Boat racing powered by oars is recorded as having occurred in ancient Egypt, and it is likely that people have engaged in races involving boats and other water-borne craft for as long as such watercraft have existed. A regatta is a series of boat races. The term comes from the Venetian language, with ''regata'' meaning "contest, contention for mastery"(from ''regatare'' ("compete, haggle, sell at retail"), possibly from ''recatare'') and typically describes racing events of rowed or sailed water craft, although some powerboat race series are also called regattas. A regatta often includes social and promotional activities which surround the racing event, and except in the case of boat type (or "class") championships, is usually named for the town or venue where the event takes place; for example “valley field”. Although regattas are typically amateur competitions, they are usually for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timekeeper
A timekeeper is a person that measures the passage of time. They may have additional functions in sports and business. Description A timekeeper is a person who measures time with the assistance of a clock or a stopwatch. Functions Sports In addition, a timekeeper records time, time taken, or time remaining during events such as sports matches. Along with the game clock, a timekeeper may be needed to manage clocks other gameplay clocks, including play clocks, pitch clocks, and shot clocks. Business In business, a timekeeper tracks employee time, potentially using a time clock. Collecting such data gives employers insight into a workforce so that a business can then make operational decisions to increase productivity and reduce labor costs. See also * Atomic clock * Chess clock * History of timekeeping devices * Fully automatic time * Horology * Referee * Sense of time * Stopwatch * Time clock * Timegrapher * Timesheet * Time tracking software External links * A W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Netball
Netball is a ball sport played on a rectangular court by two teams of seven players. The primary objective is to shoot a ball through the defender's goal ring while preventing the opposing team from shooting through their own. It is one of a few sports created exclusively for women and girls, and it remains primarily played by them, on indoor and outdoor courts, especially in schools, and most popularly in the Commonwealth of Nations. According to World Netball, the sport is played by more than 20 million people in more than 80 countries. World Netball comprises more than 70 national teams organized into five global regions. Major domestic leagues in the sport include the Netball Superleague in Great Britain, Suncorp Super Netball in Australia, and the ANZ Premiership in New Zealand. Four major competitions take place internationally: the quadrennial World Netball Championships, the Commonwealth Games, and the yearly Quad Series and Fast5 Series. In 1995, the Interna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bowls
Bowls, also known as lawn bowls or lawn bowling, is a sport in which players try to roll their ball (called a bowl) closest to a smaller ball (known as a "jack" or sometimes a "kitty"). The bowls are shaped (biased), so that they follow a curved path when being rolled. The game is played either in teams or one against one. The game was first played in the 13th century. The game is played on grass, although other surfaces are sometimes used. Matches are held either until one player gets to a score, or when a number of ''ends'' are played. The game is mostly played on a bowling green, which can vary by the type of bowls being played. Whilst the game is often played outdoors, there are indoor bowling venues, and can also be played on rollable carpets. For outdoor games, this is usually on grass; however, it can also be played on cotula in New Zealand. History Bowls is a variant of the ''boules'' games (Italian: ''bocce''), which, in their general form, are of ancient or prehistor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AFL Goal Umpire
AFL may refer to: Education * Angel Foundation for Learning, a Canadian Roman Catholic charity * Ankara Science High School, a high school in Ankara, Turkey, natively referred to as ''Ankara Fen Liesi'' * Assessment for learning Military * Armed Forces of Liberia * Armée française de la Libération or French Liberation Army, the army of Free France from 1943 to 1945 * Army of Free Lebanon, a 1970s splinter faction of the Lebanese Armed Forces Organized labour * Alberta Federation of Labour, a provincial trade union centre chartered by the Canadian Labour Congress * American Federation of Labor, an 1886–1955 national trade union centre that merged into the AFL-CIO * Arbeidernes Faglige Landsorganisasjon or Workers' National Trade Union, former name of the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions, a national trade union centre Politics and social advocacy * Actresses' Franchise League, a primarily English women's suffrage organization * Anglicans for Life, an anti- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MLB Umpire
Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball league composed of 30 teams, divided equally between the National League (NL) and the American League (AL), with 29 in the United States and 1 in Canada. MLB is one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada and is considered the premier professional baseball league in the world. Each team plays 162 games per season, with Opening Day traditionally held during the first week of April. Six teams in each league then advance to a four-round postseason tournament in October, culminating in the World Series, a best-of-seven championship series between the two league champions first played in 1903. MLB is headquartered in Midtown Manhattan. Formed in 1876 and 1901, respectively, the NL and AL cemented their cooperation with the National Agreement in 1903, making MLB the oldest major professional sports league in the world. They remained legally separate entities until 2000, when they merged into a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ICC Cricket Code Of Conduct
The ICC Cricket Code of Conduct is a regulation regarding the conduct of professional players in the sport of cricket. Traditionally, cricket requires "gentlemanly" conduct from all players. The Code of Conduct is written and enforced by the International Cricket Council. Under the ICC regulations, players may be fined a percentage of their salary, banned for a number of matches, or even banned for a number of years or life. The ICC appoints a match referee for each Test match, One Day International One Day International (ODI) is a format of cricket, played between two teams with international status, in which each team faces a fixed number of fifty overs, with the game lasting up to 7 hours. The World Cup, generally held every four yea ... and Twenty20; the Referee has the power to set penalties for most offences, the exceptions being the more serious ones. The following are the general categories of serious offences, carrying the highest penalties: * Gambling on matche ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Match Referee
A match referee is an official appointed to oversee professional cricket matches. Match referees for Test matches and One Day Internationals are appointed by the International Cricket Council (ICC). Most matches below international level do not have a referee. The match referee's responsibility is to ensure that the ICC Cricket Code of Conduct is upheld during the game, to assess any breaches of the Code, and to hand out penalties for any breaches. Following every game, the match referee composes and submits a match report to the ICC, noting any events or actions by players or umpires that may be a concern in terms of the Code of Conduct or the Laws of Cricket, and giving ratings to the quality of the pitch. The match referee remains off the field of play at all times during the actual play of the game, observing events from a spectator area. The referee makes no decisions regarding play; such decisions are the sole responsibility of the appointed umpires. Match referees are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third Umpire
The third umpire (or TV Umpire) is an off- field umpire used in some cricket matches, particularly international matches. Their role is to make the final decision in questions referred to them by the two on-field umpires or the players. The third umpire is also there to act as an emergency on-field umpire if required. History The third umpire was the brainchild of Dr Ali Bacher, the former Managing Director of the United Cricket Board of South Africa and Mike Demaine, the senior cricket producer at the South African Broadcasting Television sports department. The idea was conceived in a meeting between Ali Bacher & Mike Demaine at the UCBSA offices in Johannesburg in 1991 & used for the first time in South African domestic cricket competitions that season (with the approval of the ICC). After the successful use of the technology in 1991 the ICC then agreed for the UCBSA and the SABC to use the technology in the television coverage of international matches in South Africa in 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umpire (cricket)
In cricket, an umpire (from the Old French meaning not a peer, i.e. not a member of one of the teams, impartial) is a person who has the authority to make decisions about events on the cricket field according to the ''Laws of Cricket''. Besides making decisions about legality of delivery, appeals for wickets and general conduct of the Game in a legal manner, the umpire also keeps a record of the deliveries and announces the completion of an over. The umpires in cricket are not to be confused with the referee who usually presides only over international matches and makes no decisions affecting the outcome of the game. Overview Traditionally, cricket matches have two umpires on the field, one standing at the end where the bowler delivers the ball (bowler's end), and one directly opposite the facing batsman (usually, but not always, at square leg). However, in the modern game, there may be more than two umpires; for example Test Matches have four: two on-field umpires, a thir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
