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Ultra-Ganges Missions
The Ultra-Ganges Missions were the London Missionary Society (LMS) outposts in Southeast Asia in the early 1800s. They were established as a way to develop missionary activities in China, before the Opium Wars permitted foreigners to enter the Chinese mainland. History The first Protestant missionary to China, Robert Morrison on the LMS in 1807, was only able to reach the edge of China in either the port of Canton or Macao. However, as China was closed to foreigners at the time, subsequent LMS missionaries established in the British and Dutch colonial region of the "Ultra Ganges" (literally, beyond the Ganges River), the Southeast Asian territories of Melaka (Malacca), Penang, Singapore, and Batavia (Jakarta). This created a complex situation, with competing centers of authority between the LMS directors in London and Morrison in Canton, as well as rivalries between missionaries and various colonial enterprises. William Milne established the Melaka station in 1815, which becam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
London Missionary Society
The London Missionary Society was an interdenominational evangelical missionary society formed in England in 1795 at the instigation of Welsh Congregationalist minister Edward Williams. It was largely Reformed tradition, Reformed in outlook, with Congregational church, Congregational missions in Oceania, Africa, and the Americas, although there were also Presbyterians (notable for their work in China), Methodists, Baptists, and various other Protestants involved. It now forms part of the Council for World Mission. Origins In 1793, Edward Williams (minister), Edward Williams, then minister at Carr's Lane, Birmingham, wrote a letter to the churches of the Midlands, expressing the need for interdenominational world evangelization and foreign missions.Wadsworth KW, ''Yorkshire United Independent College -Two Hundred Years of Training for Christian Ministry by the Congregational Churches of Yorkshire'' Independent Press, London, 1954 It was effective and Williams began to play an acti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malays (ethnic Group)
Malays ( ; , Jawi alphabet, Jawi: ) are an Austronesian peoples, Austronesian ethnoreligious group native to eastern Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula and coastal Borneo, as well as the smaller islands that lie between these locations. These locations are today part of the countries of Malaysia, Indonesia (eastern and southern Sumatra, Bangka Belitung Islands, West Kalimantan and Riau Islands), the southern part of Thailand (Pattani Province, Pattani, Satun Province, Satun, Songkhla Province, Songkhla, Yala Province, Yala and Narathiwat Province, Narathiwat), Singapore and Brunei Darussalam. There is considerable linguistic, cultural, artistic and social diversity among the many Malay subgroups, mainly due to hundreds of years of immigration and assimilation of various regional ethnicity and tribes within Maritime Southeast Asia. Historically, the Malay population is descended primarily from the earlier Malayic languages, Malayic-speaking Austronesians and Austroasiatic languages, Au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protestantism In Indonesia
Protestantism () is one of the six approved religions in Indonesia, the others being Islam in Indonesia, Islam, Roman Catholicism in Indonesia, Roman Catholicism, Hinduism in Indonesia, Hinduism, Buddhism in Indonesia, Buddhism, and Confucianism in Indonesia, Confucianism. Its followers comprise the majority of Christianity in Indonesia, Christians in Indonesia, who are the second largest religious group in the country after Muslims. According to CIA statistics, in 2000 5.7% of the population of Indonesia were Protestant. A nationwide census of 2018 noted that 7.6% (20,250,000) of the population considered themselves Protestant, the largest such community in Southeast Asia. Protestantism in Indonesia is largely a result of Calvinist (Continental Reformed, Reformed) and Lutheranism, Lutheran missionary efforts during the country's colonial period. The Dutch East India Company regulated the missionary work so it could serve its own interests and restricted it to the eastern part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protestantism In China
Protestant Christianity ( zh, t=基督敎新敎, p=Jīdūjiào xīnjiào, l=New teachings of Christianity, in comparison to earlier Roman Catholicism) entered China in the early 19th century, taking root in a significant way during the Qing dynasty. Some historians consider the Taiping Rebellion to have been influenced by Protestant teachings.Dr. G. Wright Doyle (2010). How Dangerous are Chinese House Churches'. A review of "Redeemed by Fire: The Rise of Popular Christianity in Modern China", a book of Lian Xi. Yale University Press, 2010. . Since the mid-20th century, there has been an increase in the number of Christian practitioners in China. According to a survey published in 2010 there are approximately 40 million Protestants in China.2010 Chinese Spiritual Life Survey conducted by Dr. Yang Fenggang, Purdue University’s Center on Religion and Chinese Society. Statistics published in: Katharina Wenzel-Teuber, David Strait. People’s Republic of China: Religions and Churche ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benjamin Keasberry
Benjamin Peach Keasberry (1811 - 6 September 1875) was a Protestant missionary, translator, publisher and educator. He established the Prinsep Street Presbyterian Church and a free Malay boarding school, and translated many works into Malay, including the New Testament, publishing them through his own printing press. Early life and education Keasberry was born in Hyderabad, India in 1811. His father was an officer in the British Indian Army who was appointed as British Resident in Tegal, Central Java by Sir Stamford Raffles in 1814. He was educated in Madras and Mauritius. Career He came to Singapore in the 1820s to do business, but was met with failure and went to Batavia to work as a clerk in a mercantile firm. Following the death of a close friend, he applied to be an assistant missionary with the London Missionary Society's Batavia station. From 1830 to 1834, he apprenticed under Walter Henry Medhurst, who taught him Bible translation, village preaching, hospital chaplaincy, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Stronach
John Stronach (1810-1888), younger brother of Alexander Stronach, was a Protestant Christian missionary who served with the London Missionary Society during the late Qing Dynasty China, working primarily at Xiamen moy Stronach participated in the translation of the Bible The Bible is a collection of religious texts that are central to Christianity and Judaism, and esteemed in other Abrahamic religions such as Islam. The Bible is an anthology (a compilation of texts of a variety of forms) originally writt ... into Chinese. Works authored or edited References * * Notes 1810 births 1888 deaths Protestant missionaries in China Protestant writers English Protestant missionaries British missionaries in China {{Christianity-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Nanking
The Treaty of Nanking was the peace treaty which ended the First Opium War (1839–1842) between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Great Britain and the Qing dynasty of China on 29 August 1842. It was the first of what the Chinese later termed the "unequal treaties". In the wake of China's military defeat, with British warships poised to attack Nanjing (then romanized as Nanking), British and Chinese officials negotiated on board HMS Cornwallis (1813), HMS ''Cornwallis'' anchored in the Yangtze at the city. On 29 August, British representative Sir Henry Pottinger and Qing representatives Keying (official), Keying, Yilibu, and signed the treaty, which consisted of thirteen articles. The treaty was ratified by the Daoguang Emperor on 27 October and Queen Victoria on 28 December. The exchange of ratification took place in British Hong Kong, Hong Kong on 26 June 1843. The treaty required the Chinese to pay an indemnity, to cede the Island of Hong Kong to the British ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Opium War
The First Opium War ( zh, t=第一次鴉片戰爭, p=Dìyīcì yāpiàn zhànzhēng), also known as the Anglo-Chinese War, was a series of military engagements fought between the British Empire and the Chinese Qing dynasty between 1839 and 1842. The immediate issue was the Chinese enforcement of their ban on the opium trade by seizing private opium stocks from mainly British merchants at Guangzhou (then named ''Canton'') and threatening to impose the death penalty for future offenders. Despite the opium ban, the British government supported the merchants' demand for compensation for seized goods, and insisted on the principles of free trade and equal diplomatic recognition with China. Opium was Britain's single most profitable commodity trade of the 19th century. After months of tensions between the two states, the Royal Navy launched an expedition in June 1840, which ultimately defeated the Chinese using technologically superior ships and weapons by August 1842. The British ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liang Fa
Liang Fa (1789–1855), also known by other names, was the second Chinese Protestant convert and the first Chinese Protestant minister and evangelist. He was ordained by Robert Morrison, the first Protestant missionary in the Qing Empire. His tract ''Good Words to Admonish the Age'' was influential on Hong Xiuquan, who went on to lead the Taiping Rebellion. Name Liang Fa is the pinyin romanization of Liang's usual Chinese name, which his father used. is the Jyutping romanization of the same name in Cantonese, the usual spoken dialect of Guangdong's natives. His personal name is the common Chinese verb for "to send" but in Chinese grammar can also be understood as its past participle, " e who issent". He is also known as ,. "", "Afa", "" or "". from the Southern Chinese habit of forming affectionate nicknames using the prefix ''Ā-'' (now , formerly ). was apparently his complete name, although it was used less often. It variously appears as "Leang Kung-fa", "Leang K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, southeastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and northwest of the Mainland Australia, Australian mainland, which is part of Oceania. Southeast Asia is bordered to the north by East Asia, to the west by South Asia and the Bay of Bengal, to the east by Oceania and the Pacific Ocean, and to the south by Australia (continent), Australia and the Indian Ocean. Apart from the British Indian Ocean Territory and two out of Atolls of the Maldives, 26 atolls of the Maldives in South Asia, Maritime Southeast Asia is the only other subregion of Asia that lies partly within the Southern Hemisphere. Mainland Southeast Asia is entirely in the Northern Hemisphere. Timor-Leste and the southern portion of Indonesia are the parts of Southeast Asia that lie south of the equator. The region lies near the intersection of Plate tectonics, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ying Wa College
Ying Wa College (YWC, ), formerly known as Anglo-Chinese College, is a direct subsidized boys' secondary school in Kowloon, Hong Kong, near Nam Cheong station. Established in 1818 in Malacca as the Anglo-Chinese College by Rev. Robert Morrison, the first Protestant missionary, to China. In 1843, the college was relocated to Hong Kong. With over 200 years of history, it is the oldest school in Hong Kong. The College Deed, signed in 1821, outlined the school's mission as the reciprocal cultivation of English and Chinese literature as well as the diffusion of Christianity (). In 2021, Didi Tang of ''The Times'' stated that Ying Wa College is a "well-known school" in Hong Kong. History Foundation Robert Morrison of the London Missionary Society arrived at China in 1807 to begin his work of evangelisation. He planned to establish a school that would allow Western missionaries to learn Oriental cultures and languages. He also hoped that the school would play a role on intr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Milne (missionary)
William Milne (April 1785 – 2 June 1822) was the second Protestant missionary sent by the London Missionary Society to China, after his colleague, Robert Morrison.Wylie (1867), p. 12-21 Milne served as pastor of Christ Church, Malacca, a member of Ultra-Ganges Missions, the first Principal of Anglo-Chinese College, and chief editor of two missionary magazines: Indo-Chinese Gleaner (English), and Chinese Monthly Magazine (). Due to Milne's distinguished role in his missionary field, the University of Glasgow granted him a Doctor of Divinity (D.D.) in 1820. Early life Milne was born in Braeside of Cults, a village few miles south to Huntly, in the rural parish of Kennethmont in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. His father died when he was only six years old (1791), and his mother taught him at home. While he was still very young, he worked on a farm for a period of time before being apprenticed to a carpenter under training of Adam Sievwright. While excelling at carpentry, he also w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
