The Roads To Freedom
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The Roads To Freedom
''The Roads to Freedom'' (french: Les chemins de la liberté) is a series of novels by French author Jean-Paul Sartre. Intended as a tetralogy, it was left incomplete, with only three of the planned four volumes published. The three published novels revolve around Mathieu, a Socialism, socialist teacher of philosophy, and a group of his friends. The trilogy includes: ''The Age of Reason (Sartre), L'âge de raison'' (''The Age of Reason''), ''The Reprieve, Le sursis'' (which is generally translated as ''The Reprieve'' but could cover a number of semantic fields from 'deferment' to 'amnesty'), and ''Troubled Sleep (Sartre), La mort dans l'âme'' (''Troubled Sleep'', originally translated by Gerard Hopkins as ''Iron in the Soul'', Hamish Hamilton, 1950). The trilogy was to be followed by a fourth novel, ''La dernière chance'' (i.e. ''The Last Chance''); however, Sartre would never finish it: two chapters were published in 1949 in Sartre's magazine ''Les Temps modernes'' under the tit ...
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Jean-Paul Sartre
Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (, ; ; 21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was one of the key figures in the philosophy of existentialism (and phenomenology), a French playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary critic, as well as a leading figure in 20th-century French philosophy and Marxism. His work has influenced sociology, critical theory, post-colonial theory, and literary studies, and continues to do so. He was awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature despite attempting to refuse it, saying that he always declined official honors and that "a writer should not allow himself to be turned into an institution." Sartre held an open relationship with prominent feminist and fellow existentialist philosopher Simone de Beauvoir. Together, Sartre and de Beauvoir challenged the cultural and social assumptions and expectations of their upbringings, which they considered bourgeois, in both lifestyles and thought. The conflict between oppressive, ...
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