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Twarikh Guru Khalsa
Twarikh Guru Khalsa () is a historical book of the Sikhs from their origin to the time when they lost the Punjab to the British. The author of the book is Giani Gian Singh. History It was first published in 1885, with the author having access to the works of Kavi Santokh Singh and Ratan Singh Bhangu. Structure The work is divided into five parts: *''Janam Sakhi Dasari Guruari'' presents biographies of Guru Gobind Singh. *''Shamsher Khalsa'' deals with the career of Banda Singh Bahadur. *''Raj Khalsa'' describes the rise of the twelve misls. *''Sardar Khalsa'' contained accounts of Sikh principalities. *''Panth Khalsa'' treats of Sikh sects, gurdwaras and preaching centres. Narratives The book contains an account of the purported heresies of Banda Singh Bahadur that caused a schism between him and Mata Sundari, the widow of Guru Gobind Singh. It also reports the myth of Mian Mir laying the first brick during the construction of the Golden Temple at Amritsar. See als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giani Gian Singh
Giani Gian Singh (15 April 1822 – 24 September 1921) was a 19th-century Sikh historian, literatus, hagiographer, martial artist, theologian, and scholar. He wrote the works ''Naveen'' ''Panth Prakash'' and ''Twarikh Guru Khalsa''. Biography He was born into a Jat family. He was sponsored by Maharaja Narinder Singh and assisted Pundit Tara Singh Narotam for his work in writing the ''Sri Guru Tirath Sangreh''. His work, ''Twarikh Guru Khalsa'', was meant to be a simplification of the '' Suraj Parkash'' by Kavi Santokh Singh, which had been written in Braj verse that was difficult to decode. He reintroduced novel understandings about the compilation of the primary Sikh scriptural canon, the Guru Granth Sahib, by suggesting it was compiled through the collecting of various works by the previous gurus held by various, distant Sikh congregations, a process that took years. Bibliography * ''Tawarikh Sri Amritsar'' - account on the history of the holy city of Sikhism, including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Sikhism
Guru Nanak founded the Sikh religion in the Punjab region of the northern part of the Indian subcontinent in the 15th century and opposed many traditional practices like fasting, Upanayana, idolatry, caste system, ascetism, azan, economic materialism, and gender discrimination. Guru Gobind Singh, tenth of the ten Sikh Gurus, founded the Khalsa panth in the Punjab region of the northern part of the Indian subcontinent in the end of seventeenth century. He baptised five Sikh people from different parts of India, with different social backgrounds, to form the Khalsa. Those five Beloved Ones, the Pañj Piārē, then baptised him into the Khalsa fold. This gives the order of Khalsa a history of around 500 years. Historical theory and analysis suggests that Sikhism came into existence during the early medieval period of the Bhakti movement and also after repeated invasions by Muslim rulers upon the Hindu community during Mughal rule, which lasted between (1526–1857 AD) especiall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punjab
Punjab (; ; also romanised as Panjāb or Panj-Āb) is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia. It is located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of modern-day eastern Pakistan and northwestern India. Pakistan's major cities in Punjab are Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Multan, Sialkot, and Bahawalpur, while India’s are Ludhiana, Amritsar, Chandigarh, Jalandhar, Patiala, Mohali, and Bathinda. Punjab grew out of the settlements along the five rivers, which served as an important route to the Near East as early as the ancient Indus Valley civilization, dating back to , followed by migrations of the Indo-Aryan peoples. Agriculture has been the chief economic feature of the Punjab and formed the foundation of Punjabi culture. The Punjab emerged as an important agricultural region, especially following the Green Revolution during the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, and has been described as the " breadbask ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Great Britain
Great Britain, also known as the Kingdom of Great Britain, was a sovereign state in Western Europe from 1707 to the end of 1800. The state was created by the 1706 Treaty of Union and ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, which united the Kingdom of England (including Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands, with the exception of the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. The unitary state was governed by a single Parliament of Great Britain, parliament at the Palace of Westminster, but distinct legal systems—English law and Scots law—remained in use, as did distinct educational systems and religious institutions, namely the Church of England and the Church of Scotland remaining as the national churches of England and Scotland respectively. The formerly separate kingdoms had been in personal union since the Union of the Crowns in 1603 when James VI of Scotland became King of England an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kavi Santokh Singh
Kavi Santokh Singh (8 October 178719 October 1843/1844) was a Sikh historian, poet and writer. He was such a prolific writer that the Sikh Reference Library at Darbar Sahib Amritsar was named after him, located within the Mahakavi Santokh Singh Hall. In addition to "Great Poet" (Mahākavī) Santokh Singh was also referred to as the Ferdowsi of Punjabi literature, Ferdowsi wrote ~50,000 verses while Santokh Singh's Suraj Prakash totals ~52,000. Other scholars have thought of Santokh Singh as akin to Vyasa. Gottlieb Wilhelm Leitner in 1883 wrote that, "Santokh Singh of Kantal in the Karnal District, has rendered his name immortal" through the production of his works. Biography Early life Santokh Singh was born into a poor yet educated family of cloth-printers on 8 October 1787 in Nurdin village (also known as Sarai Nurdin) near Tarn Taran to the northwest. His father was Deva Singh of the Karir subcaste of the Chhimba caste, and his mother was Mai Rajadi. He had an elder b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ratan Singh Bhangu
Ratan Singh Bhangu (ca.1785 – 10 February 1846) was a Sikh historian and Nihang who wrote about the Sikhs' struggles and rise to power in Punjab region, North India, in his book Prachin Panth Prakash. This work describes how the Sikh people came to dominate Punjab in the 1700s and remains one of the few historical accounts of the era. Life Rattan Singh was likely born in 1785 and passed in 1846.Mann, Gurinder Singh. 2016. 'Sri Guru Panth Prakash: Its text, Context and Significance'. In Journal of Sikh & Punjabi Studies. Volume 23, page 17. According to G. S. Mann, it is more likely that Rattan Singh was born " in the middle years of the third quarter of the eighteenth century". His grandfather, Mehtab Singh Bhangu, was a famous Sikh warrior who assassinated Massa Ranghar for defiling the Darbar Sahib (Golden Temple) in Amritsar. He began his work as a historian in 1809, and died in 1846 at the Battle of Sobraon. Rattan Singh's father, Rai Singh (d. 1810), had married the da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guru Gobind Singh
Guru Gobind Singh (; born Gobind Das; 22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708) was the tenth and last human Sikh gurus, Sikh Guru. He was a warrior, poet, and philosopher. In 1675, at the age of nine he was formally installed as the leader of the Sikhs after his father Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed by Emperor Aurangzeb. His father was the ninth Sikh Guru. His four biological sons died during his lifetime – two in battle and two executed by the Mughal Empire, Mughal governor Wazir Khan (Sirhind), Wazir Khan.; Among his notable contributions to Sikhism are founding the ''Sikh'' warrior community called ''Khalsa'' in 1699 and introducing ''the Five Ks'', the five articles of faith that Khalsa Sikhs wear at all times. Guru Gobind Singh is credited with the ''Dasam Granth'' whose hymns are a sacred part of Sikh prayers and Khalsa rituals. He is also credited as the one who finalized and enshrined the ''Guru Granth Sahib'' as Sikhism's primary holy religious scripture and the eternal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banda Singh Bahadur
Banda Singh Bahadur, born Lachman Dev (27 October 1670 – 9 June 1716), was a Sikh warrior and a Jathedar, general of the Khalsa Fauj, Khalsa Army. At age 15, he left home to become an Sannyasa, ascetic, and was given the name Madho Das Bairagi. He established a monastery at Nanded, Nānded, on the bank of the river Godavari, Godāvarī. In 1707, Guru Gobind Singh accepted an invitation to meet Mughal emperor, Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah I in southern India, he visited Banda Singh Bahadur in 1708. Banda became disciple of Guru Gobind Singh and was given a new name, Gurbaksh Singh ''(as written in Mahan Kosh)'', after the baptism ceremony. He is popularly known as Banda Singh Bahadur. He was given five arrows by the Guru as a blessing for the battles ahead. He came to Khanda, Sonipat and assembled a fighting force and led the struggle against the Mughal Empire. His first major action was the sacking of the Mughal provincial capital, Samana, Punjab, Samana, in November 1709. Aft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Misls
The Sikh Confederacy was a confederation of twelve Sovereign state, sovereign Sikh states (each known as a Misl, derived from the Arabic word مِثْل meaning 'equal'; sometimes spelt as Misal) which rose during the 18th century in the Punjab region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent. History In order to withstand the persecution of Shah Jahan and other Mughal emperors, several of the later Sikh Gurus established Akal Sena, military Khalsa Fauj, forces and fought the Mughal Empire and Hill States of India, Simla Hills' Kings in the Battles involving the Sikh Empire#Early Afghan-Sikh Battles, early and Sikh Empire, middle Mughal-Sikh Wars and the Hill States–Sikh wars. Banda Singh Bahadur continued Sikh resistance to the Mughal Empire until his defeat at the Battle of Gurdas Nangal. For several years Sikhs found refuge in the forests and the Sivalik Hills, Himalayan foothills until they organized themselves into guerilla bands known as ''jathas''. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mata Sundari
Mātā Sundarī (died 1747, ) was a wife of Guru Gobind Singh. Biography She was the daughter of Ram Sarana, a Punjabi Soni Kumarāv Khatri of Bijwara Soni - in present-day Hoshiārpur district. In 1704, when the family of Guru Gobind Singh was forced to break up during the Battle of Sarsa, Mata Sundari and Mata Sahib Kaur dressed like ordinary village women and headed toward Ambala, hoping to find shelter, Nand Lal escorted them to Delhi using his good connections with powerful nobles, he protected them from Wazir Khan, the Mughal governor of Sirhind. Mata Sundari adopted a boy and named him after her late son, Baba Ajit Singh. Later, he killed a Muslim beggar who had been receiving his generous alms every day. When the beggar persistently demanded an even greater gift, the situation became difficult, and Ajit Singh ended his life. He was arrested, tied to the tail of an elephant, and dragged through the streets of Delhi. At one sharp turn, the enraged elephant stepped on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mian Mir
Mian Mir or Miyan Mir (c. 1550 – 22 August 1635), was a famous Sufi Muslim saint who resided in Lahore, in the neighborhood now known as Dharampura. He was a direct descendant of Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab and belonged to the Qadiri order of Sufism. He is famous for being a spiritual instructor of Dara Shikoh, the eldest son of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. He is identified as the founder of the Mian Khel branch of the Qadiri order. His younger sister Bibi Jamal Khatun was a disciple of his and a notable Sufi saint in her own right. Mian Mir and Emperor Jahangir Mian Mir migrated to and settled in Lahore at the age of 25. He was a friend of God-loving people and he would shun worldly, selfish men, greedy Emirs and ambitious Nawabs who ran after faqirs to get their blessings. To stop such people from coming to see him, Mian Mir posted his ''mureeds'' (disciples) at the gate of his house. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Golden Temple
The Golden Temple is a gurdwara located in Amritsar, Punjab, India. It is the pre-eminent spiritual site of Sikhism. It is one of the Holy place, holiest sites in Sikhism, alongside the Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur in Kartarpur, Pakistan, Kartarpur, and Gurdwara Janam Asthan in Nankana Sahib. The Temple tank, ''sarovar'' (holy pool) on the site of the gurdwara was completed by the fourth Sikh Guru, Guru Ram Das, in 1577. In 1604, Guru Arjan Dev, Guru Arjan, the fifth Sikh Guru, placed a copy of the Adi Granth in the Golden Temple and was a prominent figure in its development. The gurdwara was repeatedly rebuilt by the Sikhs after it became a target of Persecution of Sikhs, persecution and was destroyed several times by the Mughal Empire, Mughal and invading Durrani Empire, Afghan armies. Maharaja Ranjit Singh, after founding the Sikh Empire, rebuilt it in marble and copper in 1809, and overlaid the sanctum with gold leaf in 1830. This has led to the name the Golden Temple. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
