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TurkStream
TurkStream ( or ''Türk Akımı'', ; former name: Turkish Stream) is a natural gas pipeline running from Russia to Natural gas in Turkey, Turkey. It starts from Russkaya compressor station near Anapa in Russia's Krasnodar Krai, Krasnodar Region, crossing the Black Sea to the receiving terminal at Kıyıköy. Most gas flows onwards to the European Union via the Malkoçlar pipeline to Bulgaria. History The first direct gas pipeline between Russia and Turkey under the Black Sea was Blue Stream, which was commissioned in 2005. In 2009, Russia′s prime minister Vladimir Putin proposed the Blue Stream II line parallel to the original pipeline. The Blue Stream II project never took off and the South Stream project took the lead, until it was abandoned in 2014. The TurkStream (then named Turkish Stream) project was announced by Russia′s president Vladimir Putin on 1 December 2014 during his state visit to Turkey, when a memorandum of understanding was signed between Gazprom and B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Stream
South Stream (; ; ; ; ; ) is a canceled pipeline project to transport natural gas of the Russian Federation through the Black Sea to Bulgaria and through Serbia, Hungary and Slovenia further to Austria. It was never finished. The project was found in non-compliance with the European Union's Third Energy Package legislation, which stipulates the separation of companies' generation and sale operations from their transmission networks. The Russian Government cancelled the project on 1 December 2014, seven years after the project was started. It was seen as rival to the Nabucco pipeline project, which was abandoned in favor of the Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP). Unlike South Stream, the TAP is fully compliant with EU legislation by way of having obtained EU Third Party Access Exemption. Construction of the Russian onshore facilities for the South Stream pipeline started in December 2012. The project was cancelled by Russia in December 2014 following obstacles from the Europea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Gas In Turkey
Natural gas supplies over a quarter of Turkey's energy. The country consumes 50 to 60 billion cubic metres of this natural gas each year, nearly all of which is imported. A large gas field in the Black Sea started production in 2023. After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine began, several European countries stopped buying Russian oil or gas, but Turkey's relations with Russia are good enough that it continues to buy both. Turkey receives almost half of its gas from Russia. wholesale gas is expensive and a large part of the import bill. Households buy the most gas, followed by industry and power stations. Over 80% of the population has access to gas, and it supplies half the country's heating requirements. As the state owned oil and gas wholesaler BOTAŞ has 80% of the gas market, the government can and does subsidize residential and industrial gas consumers. All industrial and commercial customers, and households using more than a certain amount of gas, can switc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pioneering Spirit (ship)
''Pioneering Spirit'' (formerly ''Pieter Schelte'') is a split hull crane vessel owned by the Switzerland-based Allseas Group designed for the single-lift installation and removal of large oil and gas platforms, and pipelines. The , vessel is the List of largest ships by gross tonnage, world's largest vessel by gross tonnage, the heaviest vehicle ever made and since September 2021 also the largest floating sheerleg in the world. It was built in South Korea by Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering (now Hanwha Ocean) in 2013 at a cost of €2.6 billion. It commenced offshore operations in August 2016. Development The initial concept, by Allseas technical director W.P. Kaldenbach, was of a vessel capable of lifting entire platforms, and in 1987 Allseas declared its intention to build it. The initial idea featured two rigidly connected, self-propelled supertankers, with a large slot at the bows enabling it to install platform topsides in one piece. Early designs featured a flot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blue Stream
Blue Stream is a major trans-Black Sea gas Pipeline transport, pipeline that carries Natural gas in Turkey, natural gas to Turkey from Natural gas in Russia, Russia. The pipeline has been constructed by the Blue Stream Pipeline B.V., the Netherlands based joint venture of Russian Gazprom and Italy, Italian Eni. The Blue Stream Pipeline B.V. is an owner of the subsea section of pipeline, including Beregovaya compressor station, while Gazprom owns and operates the Russian land section of the pipeline and the Turkish land section is owned and operated by the Turkish energy company BOTAŞ. According to Gazprom the pipeline was built with the intent of diversifying Russian gas delivery routes to Turkey and avoiding third countries. History Preparations of the pipeline project started in 1997. In 1997, Gazprom and BOTAŞ signed a 25-year gas sale contract. One of the political goals of the Blue Stream project was to block the path of rival countries aiming to use the territory of Tu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Sea
The Black Sea is a marginal sea, marginal Mediterranean sea (oceanography), mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia (country), Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. The Black Sea is Inflow (hydrology), supplied by major rivers, principally the Danube, Dnieper and Dniester. Consequently, while six countries have a coastline on the sea, its drainage basin includes parts of 24 countries in Europe. The Black Sea, not including the Sea of Azov, covers , has a maximum depth of , and a volume of . Most of its coasts ascend rapidly. These rises are the Pontic Mountains to the south, bar the southwest-facing peninsulas, the Caucasus Mountains to the east, and the Crimean Mountains to the mid-north. In the west, the coast is generally small floodplains below foothills such as the Strandzha; Cape Emine, a dwindling of the east end ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kıyıköy
Kıyıköy, historically Medea (; ; ), is a town (''belde'') in the Vize District, Kırklareli Province, Turkey. Its population is 2,160 (2022). It is on the Black Sea coast, from Vize and away from Kırklareli. It became a municipality in 1987. Fishing, forestry and tourism are the main local sources of income. The town has a small beach while the surrounding area is covered by dense forest mainly of oak. Two streams, the Kazandere and the Pabuçdere, surround the town in the south and north respectively and flowi into the Black Sea. The Kasatura Bay Nature Reserve Area is south of the town along the Black Sea and offers a pristine forest and beach. The only naturally growing grove of black pine (''European black pine, Pinus nigra'') in Turkish Rumelia is found here. The town hosts the onshore terminal of the Turkish Stream, Turkstream pipeline from Russia. History Kıyıköy is identified with Salmydessus, where according to Greek mythology the Argonauts rescued Phineus f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gazprom
PJSC Gazprom ( rus, Газпром, , ɡɐsˈprom) is a Russian State-owned enterprise, majority state-owned multinational Energy industry, energy corporation headquartered in the Lakhta Center in Saint Petersburg. The Gazprom name is a contraction of the Russian words ''gazovaya promyshlennost'' (, gas industry). In January 2022, Gazprom displaced Sberbank of Russia, Sberbank from the first place in the list of the List of companies of Russia, largest company in Russia by market capitalization. In 2023, the company's revenue amounted to 8.5 trillion rubles, a significant decline from the 11.7 trillion rubles it reported in 2022. Gazprom is Vertical integration, vertically integrated and is active in every area of the gas industry, including Hydrocarbon exploration, exploration and Extraction of petroleum, production, refining, Petroleum transport, transport, Midstream, distribution and marketing, and Electricity generation, power generation. In 2018, Gazprom produced twelve per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician who is the 12th and current president of Turkey since 2014. He previously served as the 25th prime minister of Turkey, prime minister from 2003 to 2014 as part of the Justice and Development Party (Turkey), Justice and Development Party (AKP), which he co-founded in 2001. He also served as mayor of Istanbul from 1994 to 1998. Coming from an Islamist background and promoting socially conservative policies, Turkey has experienced increasing authoritarianism, democratic backsliding and suppression of dissent under Erdoğan's rule. Erdoğan was born in Beyoğlu, Istanbul, and studied at the Marmara University, Aksaray Academy of Economic and Commercial Sciences, before working as a consultant and senior manager in the private sector. Becoming active in local politics, he was elected Welfare Party's Beyoğlu district chair in 1984 and Istanbul chair in 1985. Following the 1994 Istanbul mayoral election, 1994 lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to the east, and the Black Sea to the southeast. It has a mainly continental climate, and an area of with a population of 19 million people. Romania is the List of European countries by area, twelfth-largest country in Europe and the List of European Union member states by population, sixth-most populous member state of the European Union. Europe's second-longest river, the Danube, empties into the Danube Delta in the southeast of the country. The Carpathian Mountains cross Romania from the north to the southwest and include Moldoveanu Peak, at an altitude of . Bucharest is the country's Bucharest metropolitan area, largest urban area and Economy of Romania, financial centre. Other major urban centers, urban areas include Cluj-Napoca, Timiș ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the north; Poland and Slovakia to the west; Hungary, Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast. Kyiv is the nation's capital and List of cities in Ukraine, largest city, followed by Kharkiv, Odesa, and Dnipro. Ukraine's official language is Ukrainian language, Ukrainian. Humans have inhabited Ukraine since 32,000 BC. During the Middle Ages, it was the site of early Slavs, early Slavic expansion and later became a key centre of East Slavs, East Slavic culture under the state of Kievan Rus', which emerged in the 9th century. Kievan Rus' became the largest and most powerful realm in Europe in the 10th and 11th centuries, but gradually disintegrated into rival regional powers before being d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hürriyet Daily News
The ''Hürriyet Daily News'', formerly ''Hürriyet Daily News and Economic Review'' and ''Turkish Daily News'', is the oldest current English-language daily in Turkey, founded in 1961. The paper was bought by the Doğan Media Group in 2001 and has been under the media group's flagship ''Hürriyet'' from 2006; both papers were sold to Demirören Holding in 2018. Ideology ''Hürriyet Daily News'' has generally taken a secular and liberal or centre-left position on most political issues, in contrast to Turkey's other main English-language daily, the '' Daily Sabah'', which is closely aligned with the Justice and Development Party of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician who is the 12th and current president of Turkey since 2014. He previously served as the 25th prime minister of Turkey, prime minister from 2003 to 2014 as part of the Jus .... Another conservative competitor, the Gülen movement-run '' Today's Zam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
