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Tunnel Rats (album)
''Tunnel Rats'' is the third studio album by West Coast underground Christian hip hop collective Tunnel Rats, released on March 3, 2004, through Uprok Records. Featuring several new members among the group's ranks, the album was well received by critics, with ''Christianity Today'' and Rapzilla considering it the best album so far by the group. Background Tunnel Rats formed in Los Angeles county in 1993 after group leader and founder Dax Reynosa held an open mike at his house. Committed to ministry and sharing the Gospel, the group eschewed joining a major, corporate record label, which could have suppressed its artistic and ministry potential, and preferred instead to take a more underground approach. Wade-O Radio explains that over the next few decades, the Tunnel Rats "expanded and contracted through nearly three 'generations'," and shifted from a heavy California focus to include artists from Boston, Texas, and New York City. The group released its first studio album, ...
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Tunnel Rats (music Group)
Tunnel Rats is a West Coast underground hip hop collective founded in 1993 in Whittier, California. Named after the tunnel rats in the Vietnam war, the mixed-gender, multi-racial collective consists of some seventeen individual members and incorporates four affiliated groups, LPG, Future Shock, Foundation, and New Breed, which have recorded both within Tunnel Rats and independently. Several members also formed two additional side-projects, Footsoldiers and The Resistance, which recorded one album in 2006 and collaborated with KRS-One. Pioneers in the Christian hip hop genre, Tunnel Rats often met with resistance from church leaders who disliked the collective's aggressive style and felt that Tunnel Rats praised their rapping skills more than glorifying God. In the early 2000s, the East Coast Christian hip-hop group The Cross Movement likewise criticized Tunnel Rats, claiming it did not place enough emphasis on the Gospel. Due to a high number of Mexican Americans in the collec ...
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Texas
Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2020, it is the second-largest U.S. state by both List of U.S. states and territories by area, area (after Alaska) and List of U.S. states and territories by population, population (after California). Texas shares borders with the states of Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the west, and the Mexico, Mexican States of Mexico, states of Chihuahua (state), Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south and southwest; and has a coastline with the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Houston is the List of cities in Texas by population, most populous city in Texas and the List of United States cities by population, fourth-largest in the U.S., while San Antonio is the second most pop ...
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Braggadocio (rap)
When rapping, MCs use braggadocio to boast—to speak about themselves with great pride. Braggadocio may include subjects such as physicality, fighting ability, financial riches, sexual prowess, or "coolness". Often heavily used in battle rap, braggadocio lyrics can range from just saying, "I'm the best MC ever," to using elaborate phraseology and wit. Early years Competition from the old-school hip hop ethic partially explains why braggadocio is used in rap—"my shit is better than yours and that's the bottom line," said MC Esoteric. Gangsta rap helped develop the idea of a "larger-than-life" persona, sometimes to a comedic extreme; however, reading braggadocio literally and seeing it as integral to rap may suppress vulnerability, i.e. an artist's ability to connect emotionally. Braggadocio may also reflect young black men's relief with being given an audience—rapper Murs said, "when you get the microphone, you want to pump yourself up." Self-aggrandizement Unlike other ...
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Cross Rhythms
Cross Rhythms is a Christian media organisation based in Stoke-on-Trent, England. It operates an FM and online radio station, produces radio shows sent internationally, and its website has resources about contemporary Christian music. History 1983–2002 In 1983, Chris Cole started a 30-minute weekly Christian music radio show on Heart Plymouth, Plymouth Sound FM, an Independent Local Radio station in Plymouth. Originally titled ''The Solid Rock of Jesus Christ'', the programme aired on Sunday evenings. It grew into a one-hour programme, and became one of the most listened to programmes in its time slot in South Devon. The show continued until 1996. In May 1990, music journalist Tony Cummings founded the magazine ''Cross Rhythms (magazine), Cross Rhythms''. In 1991, publication of the magazine was taken over by Cole's publishing company, Cornerstone House. That same year, Cross Rhythms took over the organisation and management, of what had previously been the Umberlei ...
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Zane One
Zane Marie Reynosa (born March 18, 1975), known by the stage names Zane and Zane One as well as the names Zane Valdez and Zane Marie, is an American rapper and fashion accessory designer from Whittier, California. She joined the pioneering Christian underground hip hop collective Tunnel Rats in 1993, which was formed by her brother, Dax Reynosa, and recorded three studio albums and a compilation with the group. She also founded the band Saturday Night Freestyle. She has featured on numerous songs and in 2008 released a solo studio album, ''L.A. Woman''. She was active for years as a battle rapper in the Los Angeles scene and was featured in the 2004 documentary '' The Battle for L.A.: Footsoldiers, Vol. 1'', directed by Darren Doane. She also created a fashion line, Zane Marie Bags, specializing in vintage handbags, luggage, wallets, and rhyme books. Biography Reynosa wrote her first rap at age 15. She began her career in hip hop music in 1989, learning from her brother D ...
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Cross Rhythms (magazine)
''Cross Rhythms'' was the eponymously titled music magazine, produced by the Christian media organisation of the same name. It was founded under the name ''Cross Rhythms Magazine'' by editor Tony Cummings, and printer Mark Golding in April 1989, with the first issue being made available in May 1990. Two years later, publication of the magazine was taken over by Cornerstone House, a publishing company owned by Chris Cole. After partnering with Christian radio station United Christian Broadcasters (UCB) in 1995, the magazine was given more financial stability. Around this time, ''Cross Rhythms'' had a circulation of approximately 15,000. Around 2000, ''Cross Rhythms'' official website was launched, which continued online after the paper magazine ceased publication in the summer of 2005 with its 85th issue. , the website is the sixth most viewed Christian website in the UK. ''Cross Rhythms'' centered almost exclusively on contemporary Christian music Contemporary Christian m ...
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Ann Arbor
Anne, alternatively spelled Ann, is a form of the Latin female given name Anna. This in turn is a representation of the Hebrew Hannah, which means 'favour' or 'grace'. Related names include Annie. Anne is sometimes used as a male name in the Netherlands, particularly in the Frisian speaking part (for example, author Anne de Vries). In this incarnation, it is related to Germanic arn-names and means 'eagle'.See entry on "Anne" in th''Behind the Name'' databaseand th"Anne"an"Ane"entries (in Dutch) in the Nederlandse Voornamenbank (Dutch First Names Database) of the Meertens Instituut (23 October 2018). It has also been used for males in France (Anne de Montmorency) and Scotland (Lord Anne Hamilton). Anne is a common name and the following lists represent a small selection. For a comprehensive list, see instead: . As a feminine name Anne * Saint Anne, Mother of the Virgin Mary * Anne, Queen of Great Britain (1665–1714), Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1702–07) and ...
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University Of Southern California
, mottoeng = "Let whoever earns the palm bear it" , religious_affiliation = Nonsectarian—historically Methodist , established = , accreditation = WSCUC , type = Private research university , academic_affiliations = , endowment = $8.12 billion (2021)As of June 30, 2021. , budget = $6.2 billion (2020–21) , president = Carol Folt , students = 49,318 (2021) , undergrad = 20,790 (2021) , postgrad = 28,528 (2021) , faculty = 4,706 (2021) , administrative_staff = 16,614 (2021) , city = , state = , country = United States , campus = Large City
University Park campus,

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Propaganda (musician)
Jason Emmanuel Petty (born May 27, 1979), better known by his stage name Propaganda, is an American Christian rapper, spoken word artist, and poet from Los Angeles, California. He has released seven albums as an independent artist, including one collaborative album with Odd Thomas and one with Derek Minor, and has performed and recorded as a member of the underground hip hop group Tunnel Rats and associated act Footsoldiers. Biography and musical career Petty was born Jason Emmanuel Petty on May 27, 1979 in Los Angeles, California. In his very early childhood, his family moved into a violent, ethnically Mexican neighborhood. As the only black child in the area, he was often teased due to his skin color. Later, his family moved again, this time to the suburbs, where his family was known as the "poor black family." He learned to rap, and also took up dance, graffiti, and formal drawing and painting. Discovered by underground hip hop collective Tunnel Rats, he made his debut in ...
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Tunnel Vision (Tunnel Rats Album)
''Tunnel Vision'' is the second studio album by West Coast hip hop, West Coast underground hip hop collective Tunnel Rats (music group), Tunnel Rats, released on October 25, 2001, through Uprok Records. Featuring a brash, aggressive sound, the album drew admiration from critics and proved highly influential for the Christian hip hop movement. Style and lyrics ''Tunnel Vision'' features an aggressive, underground sound. Jason Young of RapReviews.com noted that the collective consists of blacks, whites, and Latinos, men and women, thus offering a diverse sound. Young said that on the album's title track, rapper Macho channels an "early-1990s LL Cool J" sound, and considered the decision to change tempo for the track's bridge was "pure genius." Of rapper Raphi, Young mentioned that he "does his best Eminem, Slim Shady impersonation on his solo joint, 'Motivate', albeit with some decidedly un-Eminem lyrics." EXCLAIM, ''Exclaim!'''s Thomas Quinlan's called "Motivate" "Timbaland-influe ...
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New Breed (music Duo)
New Breed is a Christian Latin hip hop duo from Boston, Massachusetts, consisting of brother and sister Rosario "Macho" and Elsie Ortega. An affiliate of the underground hip hop collective Tunnel Rats, the duo has recorded and toured both as part of the Tunnel Rats and independently. After joining the Tunnel Rats in 1998, New Breed appeared on the DJ Maj mixtape ''Full Plates'' with the song "What's My Name" in 2001, and later that year on the Tunnel Rats album ''Tunnel Vision''. The duo released its first album, '' Stop the Music'', in 2002, and then appeared on the Tunnel Rats albums '' Underground Rise, Volume 1'' in 2003 and ''Tunnel Rats'' in 2004. A second album from New Breed, ''Nine'', came out in 2004. History Elsie and Macho were born in Boston and grew up in a Puerto Rican quarter of Boston. They later moved to Los Angeles, and started rapping together at around age 15 or 16. Macho attempted to put together a showcase for a youth group, and asked his sister to help. Th ...
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Deepspace5
Deepspace5 is an underground hip hop supergroup formed in 1997 and currently composed of Beat Rabbi, Manwell?, Freddie Bruno, Listener, Mars ILL (a stand-alone duo consisting of Manchild and DJ Dust), Playdough, Sintax.the.Terrific, Sivion, and Sev Statik. Deepspace5 also previously included Illtripp and The Recon. Since its formation, the collective has sold over 100,000 copies of its recordings, and has performed with KRS-One, Atmosphere, and MF Doom, among others. Career Deepspace5 first coalesced in 1997 at an annual Christian hip hop conference called Cru-vention. Listener, Sev Statik, Sintax.the.Terrific, Manchild and Recon all met with each other at the conference and recorded an EP. Shortly afterward, DJ Dust and Manchild were signed to the Tooth & Nail imprint Uprok Records as a duo project named Mars Ill, and they suggested that Uprok release a Deepspace5 project. Playdough and Freddie Bruno, who at the time recorded as a duo called Phonetic Composition ...
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