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Tungrovirus
''Tungrovirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Caulimoviridae'', order ''Ortervirales''. Monocots and family Poaceae serve as natural hosts. The genus contains two species. Diseases associated with this genus include: stunting, yellow to orange leaf discoloration with fewer tillers. Tungro means 'degenerated growth' in a Filipino dialect and the virus was first observed in the Philippines 1975. Taxonomy The genus contains the following species, listed by scientific name and followed by the exemplar virus of the species: * ''Tungrovirus agapanthi'', Agapanthus tungro virus * ''Tungrovirus oryzae'', Rice tungro bacilliform virus Structure Viruses in ''Tungrovirus'' are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and bacilliform geometries, and T=3 symmetry. Genomes are circular. The virus withstands temperatures below 63-degree Celsius for 10 minutes. The tungro virus is known to have at least two strains - S and M. The 'S' strain in these varieties produces conspicuous intervein ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nephotettix
''Nephotettix''Matsumura (1902) ''Termés. Füzetek,'' 25, 378. is a genus of Cicadellidae, leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae and Tribe (biology), tribe Chiasmini. Species are mostly found in Asia, although two are from Africa. Known as 'green leafhoppers' of paddy/rice, ''Nephotettix cincticeps'' and ''N. virescens'' appear to be the most important Asian pest species in this genus: as vectors of viruses, such as Tungrovirus, tungro List of rice diseases, disease in rice. Species Based on the Global Biodiversity Information Facility listing, this genus includes: * ''Nephotettix afer'' Ghauri, 1968 (southern Africa) * ''Nephotettix cincticeps'' Uhler, 1896 (synonyms: various subspp. of ''Nephotettix apicalis'' and ''N. bipunctatus'') * ''Nephotettix malayanus'' Ishihara & Kawase, 1968 * ''Nephotettix modulatus'' Melichar, 1912 * ''Nephotettix nigropictus'' (Stål, 1870) (synonym ''N. nigropicta'') ** ''N. nigropictus yapicola'' Linnavuori * ''Nephotettix parvus'' Ish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caulimoviridae
''Caulimoviridae'' is a family of viruses infecting plants. The family contains 11 genera. Viruses belonging to the family ''Caulimoviridae'' are termed double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) reverse-transcribing viruses (or pararetroviruses) i.e. viruses that contain a reverse transcription stage in their replication cycle. This family contains all plant viruses with a dsDNA genome that have a reverse transcribing phase in their lifecycle. Taxonomy The following genera are recognized: *''Badnavirus'' *''Caulimovirus'' *''Cavemovirus'' *''Dioscovirus'' *''Petuvirus'' *''Rosadnavirus'' *''Ruflodivirus'' *''Solendovirus'' *''Soymovirus'' *''Tungrovirus'' *''Vaccinivirus'' Virus particle structure All viruses of this family are non-enveloped. Virus particles are either bacilliform or isometric. The type of nucleocapsid incorporated into the virus structure determines the size of the viral particles. Bacilliform particles are approximately 35–50 nm in diameter and up to 900 nm in l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viruses
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898, more than 16,000 of the millions of virus species have been described in detail. The study of viruses is known as virology, a subspeciality of microbiology. When infected, a host cell is often forced to rapidly produce thousands of copies of the original virus. When not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent viral particles, or ''virions'', consisting of (i) genetic material, i.e., long molecules of DNA or RNA that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annual Review Of Phytopathology
The ''Annual Review of Phytopathology'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes review articles about phytopathology, the study of diseases that affect plants. It was first published in 1963 as the result of a collaboration between the American Phytopathological Society and the nonprofit publisher Annual Reviews. As of 2024, ''Journal Citation Reports'' lists the journal's 2023 impact factor as 9.1, ranking it tenth of 265 journal titles in the category "Plant Sciences". As of 2023, it is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model. Its current editors are John M. McDowell and Gwyn A. Beattie. History In the 1950s, the American Phytopathological Society had intended to publish its own journal to cover significant developments in the field of phytopathology, or plant diseases. However, the nonprofit publisher Annual Reviews offered to publish the journal for them, and they agreed due to their publishing experience. In 1961, the American Phyt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Rice Research Institute
The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is an international agricultural research and training organization with its headquarters in Los Baños, Laguna, in the Philippines, and offices in seventeen countries. IRRI is known for its work in developing rice varieties that contributed to the Green Revolution in the 1960s which preempted the famine in Asia. The institute, established in 1960 aims to reduce poverty and hunger, improve the health of rice farmers and consumers, and ensure environmental sustainability of rice farming. It advances its mission through collaborative research, partnerships, and the strengthening of the national agricultural research and extension systems of the countries IRRI works in. IRRI is one of 15 agricultural research centers in the world that form the CGIAR Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers, a global partnership of organizations engaged in research on food security. It is also the largest non-profit agricultural ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elsevier
Elsevier ( ) is a Dutch academic publishing company specializing in scientific, technical, and medical content. Its products include journals such as ''The Lancet'', ''Cell (journal), Cell'', the ScienceDirect collection of electronic journals, ''Trends (journals), Trends'', the ''Current Opinion (Elsevier), Current Opinion'' series, the online citation database Scopus, the SciVal tool for measuring research performance, the ClinicalKey search engine for clinicians, and the ClinicalPath evidence-based cancer care service. Elsevier's products and services include digital tools for Data management platform, data management, instruction, research analytics, and assessment. Elsevier is part of the RELX Group, known until 2015 as Reed Elsevier, a publicly traded company. According to RELX reports, in 2022 Elsevier published more than 600,000 articles annually in over 2,800 journals. As of 2018, its archives contained over 17 million documents and 40,000 Ebook, e-books, with over one b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virology (journal)
''Virology'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in virology. Established in 1955 by George Hirst, Lindsay Black and Salvador Luria, it is the earliest English-only journal to specialize in the field. The journal covers basic research into viruses affecting animals, plants, bacteria and fungi, including their molecular biology, structure, assembly, pathogenesis, immunity, interactions with the host cell, evolution and ecology. Molecular aspects of control and prevention are also covered, as well as viral vectors and gene therapy, but clinical virology is excluded. As of 2013, the journal is published fortnightly by Elsevier. History The field of virology began in the 1890s, with the discovery of infectious agents small enough to pass through filters sufficiently fine to catch bacteria. The first specialist journal in the field, '' Archiv für die gesamte Virusforschung'', appeared in 1939. Published by Springer-Verlag out of its Vienna office, its papers were in a mixture of l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Committee On Taxonomy Of Viruses
The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) authorizes and organizes the taxonomic classification of and the nomenclature for viruses. The ICTV develops a universal taxonomic scheme for viruses, and thus has the means to appropriately describe, name, and classify every virus taxon. The members of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses are considered expert virologists. The ICTV was formed from and is governed by the Virology Division of the International Union of Microbiological Societies. Detailed work, such as identifying new taxa and delimiting the boundaries of species, genera, families, etc. typically is performed by study groups of experts in the families. History The International Committee on Nomenclature of Viruses (ICNV) was established in 1966, at the International Congress for Microbiology in Moscow, to standardize the naming of virus taxa. The ICVN published its first report in 1971. For viruses infecting vertebrates, the first report i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sukhothai Province
Sukhothai (, ) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (''changwat''); it lies in lower northern Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Phrae, Uttaradit, Phitsanulok, Kamphaeng Phet, Tak, and Lampang. Sukhothai can be translated as 'dawn of happiness'. Etymology The modern-day province of Sukhothai was named after the Sukhothai Kingdom that once ruled the area, which in turn borrowed its name from the Sanskrit terms ''sukha'' ( 'happiness') + ''udaya'' ( 'rise', 'emergence'), meaning 'dawn of happiness'. Geography Sukhothai is in the valley of the Yom River in the lower north of Thailand. The provincial capital, Sukhothai Thani is north of Bangkok and south of Chiang Mai. The province covers . The Khao Luang Mountain Range, with its four main peaks: Khao Phu Kha, Khao Phra Mae Ya, Khao Chedi, and Pha Narai, lies within the Ramkhamhaeng National Park in the south of the province. Si Satchanalai National Park is in the northwest, protecting the mountainous forest areas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oryza Officinalis
''Oryza officinalis'' is species of flowering plant in the genus ''Oryza'' (rice) native to India, Nepal, the eastern Himalaya, southeast Asia, south-central and southeast China, Hainan, the Philippines, New Guinea, and the Northern Territory and Queensland in Australia. A perennial diploid with the CC rice genome, it can reach in height. It is the namesake of a widespread species complex. Pests ''O. officinalis'' in Sukhothai Province, Thailand was reported in 1990 to be highly resistant to tungro and various other pests, and already in use in several cultivars.p.53, "''Oryza officinalis'' from Sukothai, Thailand, is a good source of resistance to several pests and diseases; it has been used in a number of crosses to derive high-yielding lines with multiple pest resistance."p.520, "An accession of ''O. officinalis'' from Thailand showed high resistance to RTD (62), although it is not yet known whether this resistance is due to resistance to the vector, to the viruses themselv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rice Tungro Spherical Virus
Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family ''Secoviridae ''Secoviridae'' is a family of viruses A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bact ...''. RTSV causes mild symptoms by itself, but in the presence of Rice tungro bacilliform virus, symptoms are intensified. External links Family Groups - The Baltimore Method References Secoviridae Viral plant pathogens and diseases {{Virus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leafhopper
Leafhopper is the common name for any species from the family (biology), family Cicadellidae: based on the type genus ''Cicadella''. These minute insects, colloquially known as hoppers, are plant feeders that suck plant sap from grass, shrubs, or trees. Their hind legs are modified for jumping, and are covered with hairs that facilitate the spreading of a secretion over their bodies that acts as a water repellent and carrier of pheromones. They undergo a partial metamorphosis, and have various host associations, varying from very generalized to very specific. Some species have a cosmopolitan distribution, or occur throughout the temperate and tropical regions. Some are pests or Vector (epidemiology), vectors of plant viruses and phytoplasmas. The family is distributed all over the world, and constitutes the second-largest hemipteran family, with at least 20,000 described species. They belong to a lineage traditionally treated as infraorder Cicadomorpha in the suborder Auchenorrhy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
