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Tsung Lee
Tsung-Dao Lee (; November 24, 1926 – August 4, 2024) was a Chinese-American physicist, known for his work on parity violation, the Lee–Yang theorem, particle physics, relativistic heavy ion (RHIC) physics, nontopological solitons, and soliton stars. He was a university professor emeritus at Columbia University in New York City, where he taught from 1953 until his retirement in 2012. In 1957, at the age of 30, Lee won the Nobel Prize in Physics with Chen Ning Yang for their work on the violation of the parity law in weak interactions, which Chien-Shiung Wu experimentally proved from 1956 to 1957, with her well known Wu experiment. Lee remains the youngest Nobel laureate in the science fields after World War II. He is the third-youngest Nobel laureate in sciences in history after William L. Bragg (who won the prize at 25 with his father William H. Bragg in 1915) and Werner Heisenberg (who won in 1932 also at 30). Lee and Yang were the first Chinese laureates. Since he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lee (other)
Lee may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Lee'' (2007 film), Tamil-language sports action film * ''Lee'' (2017 film), Kannada-language action film * ''Lee'' (2023 film), biographical drama about Lee Miller, American photojournalist * ''Lee'' (novel), by Tito Perdue, about an angry and well-read septuagenarian * "Lee", a 1973 single by The Detroit Emeralds * "Lee", a 2001 song by Tenacious D from their eponymous album Businesses Finance *Thomas H. Lee Partners, an American private equity firm founded in 1974 ** Lee Equity Partners, a breakaway firm founded in 2006 Manufacturers * Lee Tires, a division of Goodyear *Lee Filters, a maker of lighting filters Other businesses * Lee (brand), an American clothing brand * Lee Enterprises, an American media company (NYSE: LEE) * Lee Data, a defunct American computer company Education * Lee College, Bayton, Texas, United States * Lee University, Cleveland, Tennessee, US Meteorology * List of storms named Lee * Le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kinoshita–Lee–Nauenberg Theorem
The Kinoshita–Lee–Nauenberg theorem or KLN theorem states that perturbatively the standard model as a whole is infrared (IR) finite. That is, the infrared divergences coming from loop integrals are canceled by IR divergences coming from phase space integrals. It was introduced independently by and . An analogous result for quantum electrodynamics alone is known as Bloch–Nordsieck theorem. Ultraviolet divergences in perturbative quantum field theory are dealt with in renormalization Renormalization is a collection of techniques in quantum field theory, statistical field theory, and the theory of self-similar geometric structures, that is used to treat infinities arising in calculated quantities by altering values of the .... References * * * *Taizo Muta, Foundations of Quantum Chromodynamics: An Introduction to Perturbative Methods in Gauge Theories, World Scientific Publishing Company; 3 edition (September 30, 2009) Standard Model Quantum field theory Theore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emeritus
''Emeritus/Emerita'' () is an honorary title granted to someone who retires from a position of distinction, most commonly an academic faculty position, but is allowed to continue using the previous title, as in "professor emeritus". In some cases, the term is conferred automatically upon all persons who retire at a given rank, but in others, it remains a mark of distinguished performance (usually in the area of research) awarded selectively on retirement. It is also used when a person of distinction in a profession retires or hands over the position, enabling their former rank to be retained in their title. The term ''emeritus'' does not necessarily signify that a person has relinquished all the duties of their former position, and they may continue to exercise some of them. In descriptions of deceased professors emeriti listed at U.S. universities, the title ''emeritus'' is replaced by an indication of the years of their appointments, except in obituaries, where it may be us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Professor
Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin as a 'person who professes'. Professors are usually experts in their field and teachers of the highest rank. In most systems of academic ranks, "professor" as an unqualified title refers only to the most senior academic position, sometimes informally known as "full professor". In some countries and institutions, the word ''professor'' is also used in titles of lower ranks such as associate professor and assistant professor; this is particularly the case in the United States, where the unqualified word is also used colloquially to refer to associate and assistant professors as well, and often to instructors or lecturers. Professors often conduct original research and commonly teach undergraduate, postgraduate, or professional courses in their fields of expertise. In universities ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soliton Star
In quantum field theory, a non-topological soliton (NTS) is a soliton field configuration possessing, contrary to a topological one, a conserved Noether charge and stable against transformation into usual particles of this field for the following reason. For fixed charge ''Q'', the mass sum of ''Q'' free particles exceeds the energy (mass) of the NTS so that the latter is energetically favorable to exist. The interior region of an NTS is occupied by vacuum different from the ambient vacuum. The vacuums are separated by the surface of the NTS representing a domain wall configuration (topological defect), which also appears in field theories with broken discrete symmetry. Infinite domain walls contradict cosmology, but the surface of an NTS is closed and finite, so its existence would not be contradictory. If the topological domain wall is closed, it shrinks because of wall tension; however, due to the structure of the NTS surface, it does not shrink since the decrease of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Particle Physics
Particle physics or high-energy physics is the study of Elementary particle, fundamental particles and fundamental interaction, forces that constitute matter and radiation. The field also studies combinations of elementary particles up to the scale of protons and neutrons, while the study of combinations of protons and neutrons is called nuclear physics. The fundamental particles in the universe are classified in the Standard Model as fermions (matter particles) and bosons (force-carrying particles). There are three Generation (particle physics), generations of fermions, although ordinary matter is made only from the first fermion generation. The first generation consists of Up quark, up and down quarks which form protons and neutrons, and electrons and electron neutrinos. The three fundamental interactions known to be mediated by bosons are electromagnetism, the weak interaction, and the strong interaction. Quark, Quarks cannot exist on their own but form hadrons. Hadrons that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parity (physics)
In physics, a parity transformation (also called parity inversion) is the flip in the sign of ''one'' spatial coordinate. In three dimensions, it can also refer to the simultaneous flip in the sign of all three spatial coordinates (a point reflection): \mathbf: \beginx\\y\\z\end \mapsto \begin-x\\-y\\-z\end. It can also be thought of as a test for chirality of a physical phenomenon, in that a parity inversion transforms a phenomenon into its mirror image. All fundamental interactions of elementary particles, with the exception of the weak interaction, are symmetric under parity transformation. As established by the Wu experiment conducted at the US National Bureau of Standards by Chinese-American scientist Chien-Shiung Wu, the weak interaction is chiral and thus provides a means for probing chirality in physics. In her experiment, Wu took advantage of the controlling role of weak interactions in radioactive decay of atomic isotopes to establish the chirality of the weak f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matteucci Medal
The Matteucci Medal is an Italian award for physicists, named after Carlo Matteucci from Forlì. It was established to award physicists for their fundamental contributions. Under an Italian Royal Decree dated July 10, 1870, the Italian Society of Sciences was authorized to receive a donation from Carlo Matteucci for the establishment of the Prize. Recipients *1868 Hermann von Helmholtz *1875 Henri Victor Regnault *1876 Lord Kelvin *1877 Gustav Kirchhoff *1878 Gustav Wiedemann *1879 Wilhelm Eduard Weber *1880 Antonio Pacinotti *1881 Emilio Villari *1882 Augusto Righi *1887 Thomas Edison *1888 Heinrich Hertz *1894 John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh *1895 Henry Augustus Rowland *1896 Wilhelm Röntgen and Philipp Lenard *1901 Guglielmo Marconi *1903 Albert Abraham Michelson *1904 Marie Curie and Pierre Curie *1905 Henri Poincaré *1906 James Dewar *1907 William Ramsay *1908 Antonio Garbasso *1909 Orso Mario Corbino *1910 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes *1911 Jean ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oskar Klein Memorial Lecture
The Oskar Klein Memorial Lecture at Stockholm University, dedicated to the memory of the Swedish physicist Oskar Klein (1894-1977), is held annually since 1988 by a prominent physicist, who also receives the Oskar Klein Medal. The lecture is sponsored by the university and the Nobel Committee of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. List of lecturers and recipients of the Medal Source: *2024 - Renata Kallosh *2023 - Alessandra Buonanno *2022 - Igor R. Klebanov *2020 - Roy Kerr *2019 - Lisa Randall *2018 - Leonard Susskind *2017 - Sheldon Glashow *2016 - Kip S. Thorne *2015 - Rashid Sunyaev *2014 - Andrew Strominger *2013 - Frank Wilczek *2012 - Juan Maldacena *2011 - Joseph Silk *2010 - Alexei A. Starobinsky *2009 - Peter Higgs *2008 - Helen Quinn *2007 - Gabriele Veneziano *2006 - Viatcheslav Mukhanov *2005 - Yoichiro Nambu *2004 - Pierre Ramond *2003 - Stephen Hawking *2002 - Martin Rees *2001 - Andrei Linde *2000 - David Gross *1999 - Gerard 't Hooft *1998 - Edwar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Guggenheim Fellowships Awarded In 1966
This is a list of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 1966. From 2001 applicants, 322 scholars and artists were chosen to share $2,277,000. University of California, Berkeley (27), Columbia University (15), and University of Pennsylvania (13) had the highest number of faculty awarded. 1966 United States and Canadian Fellows 1966 Latin American and Caribbean Fellows See also * Guggenheim Fellowship * List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 1965 * List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 1967 References {{Guggenheim Fellowships 1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo i ... Guggenheim Guggenheim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert Einstein Award
The Albert Einstein Award was an award in theoretical physics, given periodically from 1951 to 1979, that was established to recognize high achievement in the natural sciences. It was endowed by the Lewis and Rosa Strauss Memorial Fund in honor of Albert Einstein's 70th birthday. It was first awarded in 1951 and, in addition to a gold medal of Einstein by sculptor Gilroy Roberts, it also included a prize money of $15,000,Biography of J. Schwinger from University of St Andrews, MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive (Last accessed December 17, 2006). which was later reduced to $5,000. The winner was selected by a committee (the first of which consisted of Albert Einstein, Einstein, Robert Oppenheimer, Oppenheimer, John von Neum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nobel Prize In Physics
The Nobel Prize in Physics () is an annual award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who have made the most outstanding contributions to mankind in the field of physics. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901, the others being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Physics is traditionally the first award presented in the Nobel Prize ceremony. The prize consists of a medal along with a diploma and a certificate for the monetary award. The front side of the medal displays the same profile of Alfred Nobel depicted on the medals for Physics, Chemistry, and Literature. The first Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen in recognition of the extraordinary services he rendered by the discovery of X-rays. This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and is widely regarded as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
