|
Tryall
''Tryall'' (or ''Trial'') was a British East India Company-owned East Indiaman launched in 1621. She was under the command of John Brooke when she was wrecked on the Tryal Rocks off the north-west coast of Western Australia in 1622. Her crew were the first Englishmen to sight or land on Australia. The wreck is Australia's oldest known shipwreck. Maiden voyage ''Tryall'' departed Plymouth on her maiden voyage for Bantam on 4 September 1621, carrying a cargo that included silver for trade in the East Indies as well as a gift for the King of Siam. She stopped at Cape Town for supplies on 19 March 1622. The East India Company had only recently issued orders requiring that its ships sail south of 35°S when en route to the East Indies, as this course (the Brouwer Route) made use of the Roaring Forties and could save up to six months' travel time off the more traditional northern route. Neither Brooke nor any of his crew had sailed via the new southern route previously, or even t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tryal Rocks
Tryal Rocks, sometimes spelled Trial Rocks or Tryall Rocks, formerly known as Ritchie's Reef or Greyhound's Shoal, is a reef of rock located in the Indian Ocean off the northwest coast of Australia, northwest of the outer edge of the Montebello Islands group. It is named for the ''Tryall'', the first known shipwreck in Australian waters, which sank after striking the then-uncharted rocks in 1622. Described as "the theme and dread of every voyager to the eastern islands", their location was sought by mariners for over three centuries before finally being determined in 1969. Location and description Tryal Rocks are located at . They are northwest of the Montebello Islands, off the Australian mainland and part of the Western Australia, state of Western Australia. The rocks and the immediate locale are described as: "two coral reefs, close together, about in length NE-SW; the S reef dries . The rocks are located about NW of Montebello Islands. Depths of less than lie within ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Point Cloates
Point Cloates (), formerly known as Cloate's Island, is a peninsula approximately south-southwest of North West Cape, in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. It features Point Cloates Lighthouse and the ruins of a previous lighthouse (built in 1910); both buildings are on Cloates Hill, which rises above sea level. During the 17th and 18th centuries, the first European mariners to see Point Cloates believed the area between the point and North West Cape to be a small island, which became known to them as ''Cloat's Island''. The "island" was often confused with other geographical features; these errors led to it being mismapped, as well as suggestions that its existence was doubtful, or that it was a phantom island. The first Europeans to report seeing the point, in 1618, were Captain Lenaert Jacobszoon and supercargo Willem Janszoon, in the Dutch East India Company ship ''Mauritius''. On 1 May 1622, John Brooke, captain of ''Tryall'' claimed to have sighted an island i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Brooke (East India Company)
John Brooke (also Broock, Brookes, Brooks) was a seaman of the British East India Company and commander of the first British crew to sight the Australian continent. East India Company Brooke joined the East India Company and, in July or August 1621, he was appointed master of the ''Tryal''. Wrecks Brooke was assigned the task of making the first British East India Company voyage across the Indian Ocean while keeping no further north than the 35th parallel, to take advantage of the "Roaring Forties", then to turn sharply north making for Bantam, west Java (then Batavia). Sailing the ''Tryal'' along the 39 degree parallel, he miscalculated and overshot by some 1,000 kilometres, coming upon the west coast of the Australian continent on 5 May 1622 at 22 degrees, in the vicinity of North West Cape. Attempting a northward track thereafter along the coast, at about 11 pm on 25 May 1622, the Tryal twice struck what was later to become known as Ritchie's Reef and, after discovery of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brouwer Route
The Brouwer Route was a 17th-century route used by ships sailing from the Cape of Good Hope to the Dutch East Indies, as the eastern leg of the Cape Route. The route took ships south from the Cape (which is at 34° latitude south) into the Roaring Forties, then east across the Indian Ocean, before turning northeast for Java. Thus it took advantage of the strong westerly winds for which the Roaring Forties are named, greatly increasing travel speed. The problem with the route was lack of an accurate way, at the time, to determine longitude, and thereby to know how far east a vessel had travelled. A sighting of either Amsterdam Island or Saint Paul Island was the only cue for ships to change direction and head north. However, this was reliant on the captain's expertise. Consequently, many ships were damaged by or wrecked on rocks, reefs, or islands on the western continental shelf of Australia, which was virtually unknown to Europeans at the time. The route was devised by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Indiaman
East Indiamen were merchant ships that operated under charter or licence for European trading companies which traded with the East Indies between the 17th and 19th centuries. The term was commonly used to refer to vessels belonging to the British, Dutch, French, Danish, Swedish, Austrian or Portuguese East India companies. Several East Indiamen chartered by the British East India Company (EIC) were known as clippers. The EIC held a monopoly granted to it by Elizabeth I in 1600 for all English trade between the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Horn. This grant was progressively restricted during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, until the monopoly was lost in 1834. EIC East Indiamen usually ran between Britain, the Cape of Good Hope and India, where their primary destinations were the ports of Bombay, Madras and Calcutta. EIC East Indiamen often continued on to China before returning to England via the Cape of Good Hope and Saint Helena. When the EIC lost its monopoly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caert Van't Landt Van D'Eendracht (detail Showing Tryal Rocks)
() is a 1627 map by Hessel Gerritsz. One of the earliest maps of Australia, it shows what little was then known of the west coast, based on a number of voyages beginning with the 1616 voyage of Dirk Hartog, when he named Eendrachtsland after his ship. The map is oriented with north to the left and shows lines of latitude from 20th parallel south to the 35th parallel south and also shows the Tropic of Capricorn. The top left of the map shows a river labelled (). The identity of this river, now referred to as ''Willem River'', is unknown; it is possibly the Ashburton River. In the bottom left corner is a feature labelled (). This is possibly the first appearance on a map of the Tryal Rocks, the identity of which was not determined until the 1960s. Other than these two features, the leftmost third of the map shows a fairly straight, featureless coastline, set in between the 21st parallel south and the 26th parallel south, labelled (). The way this is written on the map in s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montebello Islands
The Montebello Islands, also rendered as the Monte Bello Islands, are an archipelago of around 174 small islands, about 92 of which are named, lying north of Barrow Island (Western Australia), Barrow Island and off the Pilbara region of Western Australia, Pilbara coast of north-western Australia. The islands form a marine conservation reserve of administered by the Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation (Western Australia), Department of Environment and Conservation. The islands were the site of three British atmospheric nuclear weapons tests, in 1952 and 1956. Description The islands of the archipelago have a collective land area of about . The largest islands, Hermite and Trimouille, have an area of and respectively. They consist of limestone rock and sand. The rocky parts are dominated by ''Triodia (grass), Triodia'' hummock grassland with scattered shrubs, while the sandy areas support grasses such as Cyperaceae, sedges, and shrubs, mainly ''A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of England
The Kingdom of England was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from the late 9th century, when it was unified from various Heptarchy, Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, until 1 May 1707, when it united with Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, which would later become the United Kingdom. The Kingdom of England was among the most powerful states in Europe during the Middle Ages, medieval and Early modern period, early modern periods. Beginning in the year 886 Alfred the Great reoccupied London from the Danish Vikings and after this event he declared himself King of the Anglo-Saxons, until his death in 899. During the course of the early tenth century, the various Anglo-Saxons, Anglo-Saxon kingdoms were united by Alfred's descendants Edward the Elder (reigned 899–924) and Æthelstan (reigned 924–939) to form the Kingdom of the English. In 927, Æthelstan conquered the last remaining Viking kingdom, Scandinavian York, York, making him the first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Factor (agent)
A factor is a type of trader who receives and sells goods on commission, called factorage. A factor is a mercantile fiduciary transacting business that operates in their own name and does not disclose their principal. A factor differs from a commission merchant in that a factor takes possession of goods (or documents of title representing goods, such as a bill of lading) on consignment, but a commission merchant sells goods not in their possession on the basis of samples. Most modern factor business is in the textile field, but factors are also used to a great extent in the shoe, furniture, hardware, and other industries. The number of trade areas in which factors operate has increased. In the United Kingdom, most factors fall within the definition of a mercantile agent under the Factors Act 1889 ( 52 & 53 Vict. c. 45), and therefore have the powers of such. A factor has a possessory lien over the consigned goods that covers any claims against the principal arising out of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Longitude Problem
The history of longitude describes the centuries-long effort by astronomers, cartographers and navigators to discover a means of determining the longitude (the east-west position) of any given place on Earth. The measurement of longitude is important to both cartography and navigation. In particular, for safe ocean navigation, knowledge of both latitude and longitude is required, however latitude can be determined with good accuracy with local astronomical observations. Finding an accurate and practical method of determining longitude took centuries of study and invention by some of the greatest scientists and engineers. Determining longitude relative to the meridian through some fixed location requires that observations be tied to a time scale that is the same at both locations, so the longitude problem reduces to finding a way to coordinate clocks at distant places. Early approaches used astronomical events that could be predicted with great accuracy, such as eclipses, and b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Geographical Journal
''The Geographical Journal'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers). It publishes papers covering research on all aspects of geography. It also publishes shorter Commentary papers and Review Essays. Since 2001, ''The Geographical Journal'' has been published in collaboration with Wiley-Blackwell. The journal dates back to two related publications established in the 19th century, ''Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London'' (published from 1831 to 1880), and ''Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London '', published from 1857 to 1877. Then ''Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography'', published from 1879 to 1892, continued and absorbed the previous journals. In 1893, the journal renamed itself ''The Geographical Journal''. Prior to 2000, ''The Geographical Journal'' published society news alongside articles and it continues to publish the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banten (town)
Banten, also written as Bantam, is a port town near the western end of Java, Indonesia. It has a secure harbour at the mouth of Banten River, a navigable passage for light craft into the island's interior. The town is close to the Sunda Strait through which important ocean-going traffic passes between Java and Sumatra. Old Banten, the capital of the Banten Sultanate, was strategically important and a major centre for trade. History In the 5th century Banten was part of the Tarumanagara kingdom. The Lebak relic inscription, found in lowland villages on the edge of Ci Danghiyang, Munjul, Pandeglang, Banten, wad discovered in 1947 and contains two lines of poetry in Pallawa script and Sanskrit. The inscription mention the courage of king Purnawarman. After the collapse of the kingdom Tarumanagara following an attack by the Srivijaya empire, power in western Java fell to the Kingdom of Sunda. The Chinese source, '' Chu-fan-chi'', written c. 1200 by Chou Ju-kua, mentioned tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
