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Truth-default Theory
Truth-default theory (TDT) is a communication theory which predicts and explains the use of veracity and deception detection in humans. It was developed upon the discovery of the veracity effect - whereby the proportion of truths versus lies presented in a judgement study on deception will drive accuracy rates. This theory gets its name from its central idea which is the truth-default state. This idea suggests that people presume others to be honest because they either don't think of deception as a possibility during communicating or because there is insufficient evidence that they are being deceived. Emotions, arousal, strategic self-presentation, and cognitive effort are nonverbal behaviors that one might find in deception detection. Ultimately this theory predicts that speakers and listeners will default to use the truth to achieve their communicative goals. However, if the truth presents a problem, then deception will surface as a viable option for goal attainment. Background As ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communication Theory
Communication theory is a proposed description of communication phenomena, the relationships among them, a storyline describing these relationships, and an argument for these three elements. Communication theory provides a way of talking about and analyzing key events, processes, and commitments that together form communication. Theory can be seen as a way to map the world and make it navigable; communication theory gives us tools to answer empirical, conceptual, or practical communication questions. Communication is defined in both commonsense and specialized ways. Communication theory emphasizes its symbolic and social process aspects as seen from two perspectives—as exchange of information (the transmission perspective), and as work done to connect and thus enable that exchange (the ritual perspective). Sociolinguistic research in the 1950s and 1960s demonstrated that the level to which people change their formality of their language depends on the social context that they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Veracity (ethics)
Honesty or truthfulness is a facet of moral character that connotes positive and virtuous attributes such as integrity, truthfulness, straightforwardness (including straightforwardness of conduct: earnestness), along with the absence of lying, cheating, theft, etc. Honesty also involves being trustworthy, loyal, fair, and sincere. A reputation for honesty is denoted by terms like reputability and trustworthiness. Honesty about one's future conduct, loyalties, or commitments is called accountability, reliability, dependability, or conscientiousness. Someone who goes out of their way to tell possibly unwelcome truths extends honesty into the region of candor or frankness. The Cynics engaged in a challenging sort of frankness like this called ''parrhêsia''. Opinions Honesty is valued in many ethnic and religious cultures. "Honesty is the best policy" is a proverb of Edwin Sandys, while the quote "Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom" is attributed to Thomas J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Self-interest
Self-interest generally refers to a focus on the needs or desires (''interests'') of one's self. Most times, actions that display self-interest are often performed without conscious knowing. A number of philosophical, psychological, and economic theories examine the role of self-interest in motivating human action. Individuals may have a self-serving bias towards their self-interest. In philosophy Philosophical concepts concerned with self-interest include: * Enlightened self-interest, a philosophy which states that acting to further the interests of others also serves one's own self-interest. * Ethical egoism, the ethical position that moral agents ''ought'' to do what is in their own self-interest. * Hedonism, the school of ethics which argues that pleasure is the only intrinsic good. ** Cyrenaics, the Aristippean pre-Socratic original. ** Epicureanism, a philosophical system related to hedonism. * Individualism, a philosophy stressing the worth of individual selves. * Ratio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Information Manipulation Theory
Information Manipulation Theory (abbreviated IMT) is a theory of deceptive discourse production, rooted in H. Paul Grice's theory of conversational implicature. IMT argues that, rather than communicators producing truths and lies, the vast majority of everyday deceptive discourse involves complicated combinations of elements that fall somewhere in between these polar opposites; with the most common form of deception being the omission of contextually problematic information, commonly known as white lies. More specifically, individuals have four different ways of misleading others: playing with the amount of relevant information that is shared, including false information, presenting irrelevant information, and/or presenting information in a vague or ambiguous fashion. As long as such manipulations remain undetected by recipients, deception will succeed. Two of the most important practical implications of IMT are that deceivers commonly use messages composed entirely of truthful in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology
The ''Journal of Personality and Social Psychology'' is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Psychological Association that was established in 1965. It covers the fields of social and personality psychology. The editors-in-chief are Shinobu Kitayama (University of Michigan; ''Attitudes and Social Cognition Section''), Colin Wayne Leach (Barnard College; ''Interpersonal Relations and Group Processes Section''), and Richard E. Lucas (Michigan State University; ''Personality Processes and Individual Differences Section''). Contents The journal's focus is on empirical research reports; however, specialized theoretical, methodological, and review papers are also published. For example, the journal's most highly cited paper, cited over 90,000 times, is a statistical methods paper discussing mediation and moderation. Articles typically involve a lengthy introduction and literature review, followed by several related studies that explore different aspec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Applied Research In Memory And Cognition
The ''Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the study of memory and cognition. It was established in 2012 and is published by the American Psychological Association (formerly published by Elsevier) on behalf of the Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, of which it is the official journal. The founding editor-in-chief was Ronald Fisher (Florida International University), followed by Paula Hertel ( Trinity University). The current editor-in-chief is Qi Wang (Cornell University). According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2021 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 4.600. References External links * Cognitive science journals Quarterly journa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Communication Research
''Human Communication Research'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering empirical work in any area of human communication and human symbolic processes. It was established in 1974 and the current editor-in-chief is Yariv Tsfati ( University of Hafai) and Steven R. Wilson (University of South Florida). It is published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Communication Association. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2022 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 5.0 ranking it 13th out of 96 journals in the category "Communication". Editors The following persons have been previous editors-in-chief: References External links *{{Official website, https://academic.oup.com/hcr English-languag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halo Effect
The halo effect (sometimes called the halo error) is the tendency for positive impressions of a person, company, country, brand, or product in one area to positively influence one's opinion or feelings. The halo effect is "the name given to the phenomenon whereby evaluators tend to be influenced by their previous judgments of performance or personality." The halo effect is a cognitive bias which can prevent someone from forming an image of a person, a product or a brand based on the sum of all objective circumstances at hand. The term was coined by Edward Thorndike. A simplified example of the halo effect is when a person, after noticing that an individual in a photograph is attractive, well groomed, and properly attired, then assumes, using a mental heuristic, that the person in the photograph is a good person based upon the rules of their own social concept. This constant error in judgment is reflective of the individual's preferences, prejudices, ideology, aspirations, and soci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communication Monographs
''Communication Monographs'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on human communication. The journal is published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the National Communication Association The National Communication Association (NCA) of the United States is a not-for-profit association of academics in the field of communication. Organization NCA is governed by the Legislative Assembly, which meets during the NCA Annual Conventi .... ''Communication Monographs'' publishes original scholarship that contributes to the understanding of human communication. Articles in ''Communication Monographs'' should endeavor to ask questions about the diverse and complex issues that interest communication scholars. The journal especially welcomes questions that bridge boundaries traditionally separating scholars within the communication discipline and that address issues of clear theoretical, conceptual, methodological, and/or social importance. Diverse approaches t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Language And Social Psychology
''Journal of Language and Social Psychology'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers in the fields of Communication and Psychology. The journal's editor is Howard Giles ( University of California Santa Barbara). It has been in publication since 1982 and is currently published by SAGE Publications. Scope ''Journal of Language and Social Psychology'' is devoted to the social psychology of language. The journal publishes reports of research and theory at the cross-roads of language, mind and society. ''Journal of Language and Social Psychology'' presents articles from a range of disciplines including linguistics, cognitive science and anthropology with a focus on quantitative, experimental studies and positivistic theory. Abstracting and indexing ''Journal of Language and Social Psychology'' is abstracted and indexed in, among other databases: SCOPUS, and the Social Sciences Citation Index. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', its 2017 impact facto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annals Of The International Communication Association
The International Communication Association (ICA) is an academic association for scholars interested in the study, teaching and application of all aspects of human and mediated communication. ICA communicates within the association and with others interested in the field through various channels. The association publishes six major, peer-reviewed journals: Journal of Communication; Communication Theory; Human Communication Research; the Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication; Communication, Culture, and Critique; thAnnals of the International Communication Association Members receive a monthly electronic newsletter. ICA holds an annual conference at which hundreds of research papers are presented and over 2,000 scholars from all over the world participate. ICA recognizes outstanding contributions to the field through awards and fellowship programs. The ICA's commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion is reflected in its support for culturally-situated communication s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
