|
True Vertical Depth
True vertical depth, abbreviated as TVD, is the measurement of a straight line perpendicularly downwards from a horizontal plane. In the petroleum industry true vertical depth is the measurement from the surface to the bottom of the borehole (or anywhere along its length) in a straight perpendicular line represented by line (a) in the image. Line (b) is the actual borehole and its length would be considered the "measured depth" in oil industry terminology. The TVD is ''always'' equal to or less than (≤) the ''measured depth''. If one were to imagine line (b) to be a piece of string, and further were to imagine it being pulled straight down, one would observe it to be longer than line (a). This example oil well An oil well is a drillhole boring in Earth that is designed to bring petroleum oil hydrocarbons to the surface. Usually some natural gas is released as associated petroleum gas along with the oil. A well that is designed to produce only gas m ... would be conside ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schlumberger
Schlumberger (), doing business as SLB, is a global multinational oilfield services company. Founded in France in 1926, the company is now incorporated as Schlumberger NV in Willemstad, Curaçao, with principal executive offices in Houston, Texas. As of 2022, it is both the world's largest offshore drilling company and the world's largest offshore drilling contractor by revenue. Also known as Schlumberger Limited, the company trades on the New York Stock Exchange, Euronext Paris, the London Stock Exchange and SIX Swiss Exchange. In 2022, the Forbes Global 2000 ranked Schlumberger the 349th largest company in the world. History Schlumberger was founded in 1926 in Paris as the Electric Prospecting Company () by two brothers Conrad and Marcel Schlumberger from Alsace. Schlumberger supplies the petroleum industry with services such as seismic data processing, formation evaluation, well testing and directional drilling, well cementing and stimulation, artificial li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perpendicular
In geometry, two geometric objects are perpendicular if they intersect at right angles, i.e. at an angle of 90 degrees or π/2 radians. The condition of perpendicularity may be represented graphically using the '' perpendicular symbol'', ⟂. Perpendicular intersections can happen between two lines (or two line segments), between a line and a plane, and between two planes. ''Perpendicular'' is also used as a noun: a perpendicular is a line which is perpendicular to a given line or plane. Perpendicularity is one particular instance of the more general mathematical concept of '' orthogonality''; perpendicularity is the orthogonality of classical geometric objects. Thus, in advanced mathematics, the word "perpendicular" is sometimes used to describe much more complicated geometric orthogonality conditions, such as that between a surface and its '' normal vector''. A line is said to be perpendicular to another line if the two lines intersect at a right angle. Explicitly, a fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vertical And Horizontal
In astronomy, geography, and related sciences and contexts, a '' direction'' or '' plane'' passing by a given point is said to be vertical if it contains the local gravity direction at that point. Conversely, a direction, plane, or surface is said to be horizontal (or ''leveled'') if it is everywhere perpendicular to the vertical direction. In general, something that is vertical can be drawn from up to down (or down to up), such as the y-axis in the Cartesian coordinate system. Historical definition The word ''horizontal'' is derived from the Latin , which derives from the Greek , meaning 'separating' or 'marking a boundary'. The word ''vertical'' is derived from the late Latin ', which is from the same root as ''vertex'', meaning 'highest point' or more literally the 'turning point' such as in a whirlpool. Girard Desargues defined the vertical to be perpendicular to the horizon in his 1636 book ''Perspective''. Geophysical definition The plumb line and spirit level In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petroleum Industry
The petroleum industry, also known as the oil industry, includes the global processes of hydrocarbon exploration, exploration, extraction of petroleum, extraction, oil refinery, refining, Petroleum transport, transportation (often by oil tankers and pipeline transport, pipelines), and Downstream (petroleum industry)#Marketing, marketing of list of crude oil products, petroleum products. The largest volume products of the industry are fuel oil and gasoline (petrol). Petroleum is also the raw material for many petrochemical, chemical products, including pharmaceutical drug, pharmaceuticals, solvents, fertilizers, pesticides, synthetic Aroma compound, fragrances, and plastics. The industry is usually divided into three major components: upstream (petroleum industry), upstream, midstream, and downstream (petroleum industry), downstream. Upstream regards exploration and extraction of Petroleum, crude oil, midstream encompasses transportation and Oil terminal, storage of crude, and dow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borehole
A borehole is a narrow shaft bored in the ground, either vertically or horizontally. A borehole may be constructed for many different purposes, including the extraction of water ( drilled water well and tube well), other liquids (such as petroleum), or gases (such as natural gas). It may also be part of a geotechnical investigation, environmental site assessment, mineral exploration, temperature measurement, as a pilot hole for installing piers or underground utilities, for geothermal installations, or for underground storage of unwanted substances, e.g. in carbon capture and storage. Importance Engineers and environmental consultants use the term ''borehole'' to collectively describe all of the various types of holes drilled as part of a geotechnical investigation or environmental site assessment (a so-called Phase II ESA). This includes holes advanced to collect soil samples, water samples or rock cores, to advance ''in situ'' sampling equipment, or to install monitor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oil Well
An oil well is a drillhole boring in Earth that is designed to bring petroleum oil hydrocarbons to the surface. Usually some natural gas is released as associated petroleum gas along with the oil. A well that is designed to produce only gas may be termed a gas well. Wells are created by drilling down into an oil or gas reserve and if necessary equipped with extraction devices such as pumpjacks. Creating the wells can be an expensive process, costing at least hundreds of thousands of dollars, and costing much more when in difficult-to-access locations, e.g., offshore. The process of modern drilling for wells first started in the 19th century but was made more efficient with advances to oil drilling rigs and technology during the 20th century. Wells are frequently sold or exchanged between different oil and gas companies as an asset – in large part because during falls in the price of oil and gas, a well may be unproductive, but if prices rise, even low-production wells may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Directional Well
A directional well is the oil industry term for an oil well with a borehole that deviates from a vertically straight line. This is normally done with the intention of hitting several target sands, for instance. References External links * Directional well', ''Oilfield Glossary'', Schlumberger Schlumberger (), doing business as SLB, is a global multinational oilfield services company. Founded in France in 1926, the company is now incorporated as Schlumberger NV in Willemstad, Curaçao, with principal executive offices in Houston ... Petroleum engineering Oilfield terminology Drilling technology {{Petroleum-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Depth In A Well
In the oil and gas industry, depth in a well is the distance along a well between a point of interest and a reference point or surface. It is the most common method of reference for locations in the well, and therefore, in oil industry speech, "depth" also refers to the location itself. Strictly, '' depth'' is a vertical coordinate related to elevation, albeit in the opposite direction. However, "depth" in a well is not necessarily measured vertically or along a straight line. Because wells are not always drilled vertically, there may be two "depths" for every given point in a wellbore: the ''measured depth (MD)'' measured along the path of the borehole, and the ''true vertical depth (TVD)'', the vertical distance between the datum and the point of interest. In perfectly vertical wells, the TVD equals the MD; otherwise, the TVD is less than the MD measured from the same datum. Common datums used are ground level (GL), drilling rig floor ( DF), Rotary table (RT), kelly bushin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Driller's Depth
The original depth recorded while drilling an oil or gas well is known as the driller's depth. The problem Since there is not a single reference or measurement system for calculating the depth in sub-surface environments, two engineers talking about a single drilling might give different answers when asked to give a measurement of depth. The two main depth references used in the "downhole" (i.e. sub-surface) environment are driller's depths and logger's depths (also called wireline logger's depths). These measurement systems are recorded quite differently and logger's depths are generally considered the more accurate of the two: * Driller's depth measurement is tied to drilling operations and other closely associated activities such as logging while drilling), measurement while drilling, and coring. * Driller's depth is always recorded, and it constitutes the primary depth system, unless it is later superseded by a more accurate measurement such as the depth from an open- or ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oilfield Terminology
Oilfield terminology refers to the jargon used by those working in fields within and related to the upstream segment of the petroleum industry. It includes words and phrases describing professions, equipment, and procedures specific to the industry. It may also include slang terms used by oilfield workers to describe the same. Examples *Bell nipple: An enlarged pipe at the top of a casing string that serves as a funnel to guide drilling tools into the top of the well. *Big bear: A big bear is a hitch (see hitch) that lasts a minimum of 50 straight days. *Black Leg : Joints of pipe racked back in the derrick. * Blowout: A sudden, uncontrolled release of underground pressure from the well. *BOP ( Blowout preventer): Pronounced "B-O-P", not "bop", is a mechanical device connected to the wellhead to control and prevent blowouts. *Catwalk: Elevated platform used for sliding pipe up to the rig floor. *Chainhand (also motorman): An experienced laborer capable of maintaining most pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petroleum Geology
Petroleum geology is the study of the origins, occurrence, movement, accumulation, and exploration of hydrocarbon fuels. It refers to the specific set of geological disciplines that are applied to the search for hydrocarbons ( oil exploration). Sedimentary basin analysis Petroleum geology is principally concerned with the evaluation of seven key elements in sedimentary basins: * Source * Reservoir * Seal * Trap * Timing * Maturation * Migration In general, all these elements must be assessed via a limited 'window' into the subsurface world, provided by one (or possibly more) exploration wells. These wells present only a one-dimensional segment through the Earth, and the skill of inferring three-dimensional characteristics from them is one of the most fundamental in petroleum geology. Recently, the availability of inexpensive, high-quality 3D seismic data (from reflection seismology) and data from various electromagnetic geophysical techniques (such as magnetotellur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
