Trithiocarbonate Ester
Thiocarbonate describes a family of anions with the general chemical formula (''x'' = 0, 1, or 2): *for ''x'' = 2 it is monothiocarbonate ion *for ''x'' = 1 it is dithiocarbonate ion *for ''x'' = 0 it is trithiocarbonate ion Like the carbonate dianion, the thiocarbonate ions are trigonal planar, with carbon atom at the center of triangle, and oxygen and sulfur atoms at the peaks of the triangle. The average bond order between C and S or O is . The state of protonation is usually not specified. These anions are good nucleophiles and good ligands. Thiocarbonates refer to salts of those ions as well (e.g. potassium trithiocarbonate, ). Thiocarbonates refer to esters of those ions as well (e.g. dimethyl trithiocarbonate, ). They contain trigonal planar divalent functional groups similar to these anions (''x'' = 0, 1, or 2, R is organyl group). Esters with the formula are also called xanthates, while esters with the formula are also called thioxanthates. Thiocarbonates also refe ...
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Anion
An ion () is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convention. The net charge of an ion is not zero because its total number of electrons is unequal to its total number of protons. A cation is a positively charged ion with fewer electrons than protons (e.g. K+ ( potassium ion)) while an anion is a negatively charged ion with more electrons than protons (e.g. Cl− ( chloride ion) and OH− ( hydroxide ion)). Opposite electric charges are pulled towards one another by electrostatic force, so cations and anions attract each other and readily form ionic compounds. Ions consisting of only a single atom are termed ''monatomic ions'', ''atomic ions'' or ''simple ions'', while ions consisting of two or more atoms are termed polyatomic ions or ''molecular ions''. If only a + or − is present, it indi ...
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