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Tristichopteridae
Tristichopterids (Tristichopteridae) were a diverse and successful group of fish-like tetrapodomorphs living throughout the Middle and Late Devonian. They first appeared in the Eifelian stage of the Middle Devonian. Within the group sizes ranged from a few tens of centimeters (''Tristichopterus'') to several meters (''Hyneria'' and ''Eusthenodon''). Some tristichopterids share some of the features of the elpistostegalians, a diverse clade of tetrapodomorphs close to the origin of (and including) tetrapods. This mainly concerns the shape of the skull and a reduction in size of the posterior fins. An old and persistent notion is that ''Eusthenopteron'' was able to crawl onto land using its fins. However, there is no evidence actually supporting this idea.M. Laurin, F. J. Meunier, D. Germain, and M. Lemoine 2007A microanatomical and histological study of the paired fin skeleton of the Devonian sarcopterygian ''Eusthenopteron foordi'' ''Journal of Paleontology'' 81: 143–153. All t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eusthenodon
''Eusthenodon'' (Greek for “strong-tooth” – ''eusthenes''- meaning “strong”, -''odon'' meaning “tooth”) is an extinct genus of marine tristichopterid tetrapodomorphs from the Devonian, Late Devonian period, ranging between 365 and 359 million years ago (Late Famennian). They are well known for being a cosmopolitan genus with remains being recovered from East Greenland, Australia, Central Russia, USA (Pennsylvania), and Belgium. Compared to the other closely related genera of the Tristichopteridae clade, ''Eusthenodon'' was one of the largest Sarcopterygii, lobe-finned fishes (approximately 2.5 meters in length) and among the most derived tristichopterids alongside its close relatives ''Cabonnichthys'' and ''Mandageria''. The large size, predatory ecology, and evolutionarily derived characters possessed by ''Eusthenodon'' likely contributed to its ability to occupy and flourish in the numerous localities across the world mentioned above. ''Eusthenodon'' is attributed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tristichopterus
''Tristichopterus'', with a maximum length of sixty centimetres, is the smallest genus in the family of prehistoric lobe-finned fish,Bishop, P.J. 2012. A second species of Tristichopterus (Sarcopterygii: Tristichopteridae), from the Upper Devonian of the Baltic Region. ''Memoirs of the Queensland Museum'' – Nature 56(2): 305-309. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. Accepted: 14 November 2012. Tristichopteridae that was believed to have originated in the north and dispersed throughout the course of the Upper Devonian into Gondwana.Per E. Ahlberg & Zerina Johanson. 1997. Second tristichopterid (Sarcopterygii, Osteolepiformes) from the Upper Devonian of Canowindra, New South Wales, Australia, and phylogeny of the Tristichopteridae. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17:4: 653-673. ''Tristichopterus'' currently has only one named species, first described by Egerton in 1861.Traquair, R. 1875. On the Structure and Affinities of Tristichopterus alatus, Egerton. Transactions of the Royal Society o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetrapodomorph
Tetrapodomorpha (also known as Choanata) is a clade of vertebrates consisting of tetrapods (four-limbed vertebrates) and their closest sarcopterygian relatives that are more closely related to living tetrapods than to living lungfish. Advanced forms transitional between fish and the early labyrinthodonts, such as '' Tiktaalik'', have been referred to as "fishapods" by their discoverers, being half-fish, half-tetrapods, in appearance and limb morphology. The Tetrapodomorpha contains the crown group tetrapods (the last common ancestor of living tetrapods and all of its descendants) and several groups of early stem tetrapods, which includes several groups of related lobe-finned fishes, collectively known as the osteolepiforms. The Tetrapodomorpha minus the crown group Tetrapoda are the stem Tetrapoda, a paraphyletic unit encompassing the fish to tetrapod transition. Characteristics Among the characteristics defining tetrapodomorphs are modifications to the fins, notably a hum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyneria
''Hyneria'' is a genus of large prehistoric predatory lobe-finned fish which lived in fresh water during the Famennian stage of the Devonian period. Etymology The genus name ''Hyneria'' is a reference to the village of Hyner, Pennsylvania, near where the first specimen was found. The species epithet ''H. lindae'' is derived from the name of the wife of Keith Stewart Thomson, who described this fish. Description ''Hyneria'' was a large fish. ''H. lindae'' is estimated around in total length. An isolated cleithrum AM 6545 likely belongs to an individual of at least in length. The largest complete jaw reaches , but there is much larger fragment possibly from a jaw about twice that length, although that specimen may belong to a rhizodont instead. Assuming this jaw fragment does pertain to ''Hyneria'', and assuming proportions similar to more complete tristichopterids, it suggests ''H. lindae'' could possibly reach lengths up to 3.5 metres (11 ft). A second species, ''H. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eusthenopteron
''Eusthenopteron'' (from 'stout', and 'wing' or 'fin') is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine lobe-finned fish known from several species that lived during the Late Devonian period, about 385 million years ago. It has attained an iconic status from its close relationship to tetrapods. Early depictions of animals of this genus show them emerging onto land, but paleontologists now think that ''Eusthenopteron'' species were strictly aquatic animals, though this is not completely known.M. Laurin, F. J. Meunier, D. Germain, and M. Lemoine 2007A microanatomical and histological study of the paired fin skeleton of the Devonian sarcopterygian ''Eusthenopteron foordi'' ''Journal of Paleontology'' 81: 143–153. The genus was first described by J. F. Whiteaves in 1881, as part of a large collection of fishes from Miguasha, Quebec, Canada. Some 2,000 ''Eusthenopteron'' specimens have been collected from Miguasha, one of which was the object of intensely detailed study and severa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cabonnichthys
''Cabonnichthys'' ("Burns' Cabonne fish") is an extinct genus of tristichopterid fish that lived in the Late Devonian period (Famennian) of Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl .... It has been found in Canowindra and is a medium-sized carnivorous lobe-finned fish. References Tristichopteridae Prehistoric lobe-finned fish genera Late Devonian sarcopterygians Devonian sarcopterygians of Australia {{paleo-tetrapodomorph-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heddleichthys
''Heddleichthys'' is a genus of prehistoric sarcopterygian (lobe-finned "fish"), from the end of the Devonian period (Famennian). It was discovered in Dura Den Formation, Scotland Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac .... ''Heddleichthys'' is a derived tristichopterid, the first from Britain. References Tristichopteridae Prehistoric lobe-finned fish genera Late Devonian sarcopterygians Devonian sarcopterygians of Europe Fossil taxa described in 2009 {{paleo-tetrapodomorph-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Langlieria
''Langlieria'' is a genus of prehistoric sarcopterygian (lobe-finned "fish"), from the end of the Devonian period (Famennian). It was discovered in Belgium and Pennsylvania Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a U.S. state, state spanning the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern United States, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes region, Great Lakes regions o .... References Tristichopteridae Prehistoric lobe-finned fish genera Late Devonian sarcopterygians Devonian sarcopterygians of Europe Devonian sarcopterygians of North America Fossils of Belgium Paleontology in Pennsylvania {{paleo-lobefinned-fish-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platycephalichthys
''Platycephalichthys'' is a genus of tristichopterid lobe-finned fish which lived during the Upper Devonian, Frasnian stage. Phylogeny Below is a cladogram A cladogram (from Greek language, Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an Phylogenetic tree, evolutionary tree because it does not s ... from Swartz, 2012: See also * References Prehistoric lobe-finned fish genera Eotetrapodiformes Devonian bony fish {{paleo-lobefinned-fish-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elpistostegalia
Elpistostegalia is a clade containing ''Panderichthys'' and all more derived Tetrapodomorpha, tetrapodomorph taxa. The earliest elpistostegalians, combining fishlike and tetrapod-like characters, such as ''Tiktaalik'', are sometimes called fishapods. Although historically Elpistostegalia (referred to as Panderichthyida) was considered an Order (biology), order of prehistoric Sarcopterygii, lobe-finned fishes, it was Cladistics, cladistically redefined to include tetrapods. Paleobiology A rise in global oxygen content allowed for the evolution of large, predatory fish that were able to exploit the shallow tidal areas and swamplands as top predators. Several groups evolved to fill these niches, the most successful were the elpistiostegalians. In such environments, they would have been challenged by periodic oxygen deficiency. In comparable modern aquatic environments like shallow eutrophic lakes and swampland, modern lungfish and some genera of catfish also rely on the more stable ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhipidistia
Rhipidistia, also known as Dipnotetrapodomorpha, is a clade of lobe-finned fishes which includes the tetrapods and lungfishes. Rhipidistia formerly referred to a subgroup of Sarcopterygii consisting of the Porolepiformes and Osteolepiformes, a definition that is now obsolete. However, as cladistic understanding of the vertebrates has improved over the last few decades, a monophyletic Rhipidistia is now understood to include the whole of Tetrapoda and the lungfishes. Rhipidistia includes Porolepiformes and Dipnoi. Extensive fossilization of lungfishes has contributed to many evolutionary studies of this group. Evolution of autostylic jaw suspension, in which the palatoquadrate bone fuses to the cranium, and the lymph pumping "lymph heart" (later lost in mammals and flying birds), are unique to this group. Another feature shared by lungfish and tetrapods is the divided Atrium (heart), atrium. The precise time at which the choana of tetrapods evolved is debated, with some considerin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
