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Trisakti Shootings
The Trisakti shootings, also known as the Trisakti tragedy (), took place at Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia, on 12 May 1998. At a demonstration demanding President Suharto's resignation, Indonesian Army soldiers opened fire on unarmed protestors. Four students, Elang Mulia Lesmana, Heri Hertanto, Hafidin Royan, and Hendriawan Sie, were killed and dozens more were injured. The shootings triggered a riot and nationwide revolutionary wave, leading to Suharto's resignation later the same month. Background The economy of Indonesia suffered in 1997 and 1998 due to the 1997 Asian financial crisis. The value of the Indonesian rupiah plummeted, with a record exchange rate of 2,682 rupiah per United States dollar by 13 August 1997 and continuing to fall. By 1998, hundreds of students from universities across the country were demonstrating calling for President Suharto's resignation. A demonstration on 16 May 1998 at the Bandung Institute of Technology saw 500 demonstrators, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
May 1998 Riots Of Indonesia
The May 1998 Indonesia riots (), also known colloquially as the 1998 tragedy () or simply the 98 event (), were incidents of Riot, mass violence and civil unrest in Indonesia, many of which targeted the country's ethnic Chinese population. The events were mainly in the cities of Medan, Jakarta, and Surakarta, with smaller incidents in other parts of Indonesia. Under the Western-backed Suharto, there had been widespread and systematic discrimination against ethnic Chinese in Indonesia. The riots were triggered by corruption, economic problems, including food shortages and mass unemployment. It eventually led to the Fall of Suharto, resignation of President Suharto and the fall of the New Order (Indonesia), New Order government, which had been in power for 32 years and heavily backed by Western powers such as the United States. The main targets of the violence were Chinese Indonesian, ethnic Chinese Indonesians, but most of the casualties were caused by a massive fire and occurr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Order (Indonesia)
The New Order (, abbreviated ''Orba'') describes the regime of the second Indonesian President Suharto from his rise to power in 1966 until his resignation in 1998. Suharto coined the term upon his accession and used it to contrast his presidency with that of his predecessor Sukarno (retroactively dubbed the "Old Order" or ). Immediately following the attempted coup in 1965, the political situation was uncertain, and Suharto's New Order found much popular support from groups wanting a separation from Indonesia's problems since its independence. The 'generation of 66' ('' Angkatan 66'') epitomised talk of a new group of young leaders and new intellectual thought. Following Indonesia's communal and political conflicts, and its economic collapse and social breakdown of the late 1950s through to the mid-1960s, the "New Order" was committed to achieving and maintaining political order, economic development, and the removal of mass participation in the political process. The featu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tear Gas
Tear gas, also known as a lachrymatory agent or lachrymator (), sometimes colloquially known as "mace" after the Mace (spray), early commercial self-defense spray, is a chemical weapon that stimulates the nerves of the lacrimal gland in the eye to produce tears. In addition, it can cause severe eye and respiratory pain, skin irritation, bleeding, and blindness. Common lachrymators both currently and formerly used as tear gas include pepper spray (OC gas), PAVA spray (nonivamide), CS gas, CR gas, CN gas (phenacyl chloride), bromoacetone, xylyl bromide, chloropicrin (PS gas) and Mace (spray), Mace (a branded mixture). While lachrymatory agents are commonly deployed for riot control by law enforcement and military personnel, its use in warfare is prohibited by various international treaties.E.g. the Geneva Protocol of 1925 prohibited the use of "asphyxiating gas, or any other kind of gas, liquids, substances or similar materials". During World War I, increasingly toxic and deadly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riot Shield
A riot shield is a lightweight protection device, typically deployed by riot police and some military unit during protest, though also utilized by protestors. Riot shields are typically long enough to cover an average-sized person from the top of the head to the knees, though smaller one-handed models may also be used. They are generally intended to be used in riot control, to protect the user from melee attacks with blunt or edged weapons and also Stone throwing, thrown projectiles, or non-lethal weapons such as rubber bullets and water cannons. They can also be used as short-ranged melee weapons to push back the opposing force. Most riot shields do not offer ballistic protection; ballistic shields are instead used in situations where heavily armed resistance is expected. Riot shields are used in almost every country with a standardized police force and are produced by many companies. Law enforcement often use them in conjunction with a Baton (law enforcement), baton. Riot shields ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kodam Jaya
The Jayakarta Jaya Military Regional Command (); abbreviated Kodam Jaya is the military district of the Indonesian Army which covers the Greater Jakarta area. Its role is to protect and defend the capital city area with other additional tasks, such as to support the local law enforcement and civil authorities (by request). History On 1 September 1945, the Jakarta branch of the People's Security Agency (Badan Keamanan Rakyat/BKR) was founded with Lt. Col. Mufraeni Mukmin as its branch leader. On 29 September 1945, allied forces (with Netherlands Indies Civil Administration personnel attached) under the command of Lt. Gen. Sir Philip Christison landed from in Tanjung Priok Harbor to disarm Japanese troops and to liberate prisoners of war. BKR and Indonesian youth in API, Kris Hisbulah, and other paramilitary organisations confronted the allied forces. To increase armed resistance against the Allied forces, the government of the Republic of Indonesia founded the People's Security ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Army Strategic Command
The Army Strategic Reserve Command (; abbreviated Kostrad) is a combined-arms Formation (military), formation of the Indonesian Army. Kostrad is a Corps level command which has up to 35,000 troops. It also supervises operational readiness among all commands and conducts defence and security operations at the strategic level in accordance with policies under the command of the commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. In contrast to its name ("Reserve"), Kostrad is the main warfare combat unit of the Indonesian Army. While Kopassus is the elite-special forces of the Indonesian Army, Kostrad as "" or "Principal Operational Command" still maintains as the first-line combat formation of the Indonesian National Armed Forces along with the Kopassus. As a corps, Kostrad is commanded by a , usually a lieutenant general. Kostrad falls under the army chief of staff for training, personnel, and administration. However, it comes under the President of Indonesia, Commander-in-Chief ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mobile Brigade Corps
The Mobile Brigade Corps () abbreviated Brimob is the SWAT, special operations, paramilitary, and Police tactical unit, tactical unit of the Indonesian National Police (Polri). It is one of the oldest existing units within Polri. Some of its main duties are counter-terrorism, riot control, high-risk law enforcement where the use of firearms are present, search and rescue, hostage rescue, and bomb disposal operations. The Mobile Brigade Corps is a large component of the Indonesian National Police trained for counter-separatist and counter-insurgency duties, often in conjunction with military operations. The Mobile Brigade Corps consists of 2 (two) branches, namely Gegana and Pelopor. Gegana is tasked with carrying out more specific special police operations tasks such as: Bomb Disposal, CBRN defense, CBR Handling (Chemistry, Biology, and Radioactivity), Anti-Terror (Counter Terrorism), and Intelligence. Meanwhile, the Pelopor are tasked with carrying out broader and paramilitary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jalan Letnan Jenderal S
Jalan may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Jalan'' (TV series), a 2020 Pakistani television series Companies * Jalan.net, a Japanese online travel agency People ; Surname * Bimal Jalan (born 1941), Indian businesspeople * Lalit Jalan (born 1956), Indian politician ; Given name * Jalan West (born 1993), American basketball player * Jalan McClendon Jalan McClendon (born October 21, 1995) is an American professional football quarterback for the Houston Roughnecks of the United Football League (UFL). Initially committing to NC State and serving as a backup quarterback, he played his final ... (born 1995), American football player See also * , the Indonesian or Malay word for road {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sit-in
A sit-in or sit-down is a form of direct action that involves one or more people occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change. The protestors gather conspicuously in a space or building, refusing to move unless their demands are met. The often clearly visible demonstrations are intended to spread awareness among the public, or disrupt the goings-on of the protested organization. Lunch counter sit-ins were a nonviolent form of protest used to oppose segregation during the civil rights movement, and often provoked heckling and violence from those opposed to their message. Examples United States Civil rights movement The Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR) and the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) conducted sit-ins as early as the 1940s. Ernest Calloway refers to Bernice Fisher as "Godmother of the restaurant 'sit-in' technique." In August 1939, African-American attorney Samuel Wilbert Tucker organized the Alexandria Library sit-i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Jakarta
West Jakarta (; ), abbreviated as Jakbar, is one of the five administrative cities of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia. West Jakarta is not self-governed and does not have a city council, hence it is not classified as a proper municipality. It had a population of 2,281,945 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 2,434,511 at the 2020 Census;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 2,611,515 (comprising 1,312,120 males and 1,299,395 females).Badan Pusat Statistik Jakarta Barat, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kota Jakarta Barat Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3174) The administrative center of West Jakarta is at Puri Kembangan. West Jakarta is bordered by Tangerang Regency and North Jakarta to the north, Central Jakarta to the east, South Jakarta to the south, and Tangerang city to the west. History West Jakarta is famous for its Dutch colonial relics such as Town Hall Building (now Jakarta Histo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian National Police
The Indonesian National Police (, abbreviated as POLRI) is the national law enforcement and police force of the Republic of Indonesia. Founded on 1 July 1946, it was formerly a part of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, country's military since 1962. The police were formally separated from the armed forces on 1 April 1999 in a process which was formally completed on 1 July 1999. The organization is now independent and is under the direct auspices of the President of Indonesia. The Indonesian National Police is responsible for law enforcement and policing duties all over Indonesia. The organization is widely known for its corruption, violence/brutality, and incompetence. The Indonesian National Police also takes part in international United Nations missions, and, after special training, provided security for the United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur, UNAMID mission to protect internally-displaced people in Darfur. In total, per 2020 the total personnel that the In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DPR/MPR Building
The Parliamentary Complex of Indonesia (), also known as the MPR/DPR/DPD Building, is the seat of government for the Indonesian legislative branch of government, which consists of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the House of Representatives (DPR) and the Regional Representative Council (DPD). History Construction Sukarno administration Construction of the building was ordered on March 8, 1965 by Sukarno, the first president of Indonesia, through the Presidential Decree of the Republic of Indonesia Number 48 of 1965. The building was intended to house the Conference of New Emerging Forces (CONEFO), a now defunct alternative for the United Nations, with the first conference being scheduled to be held in 1966. The members of the organization were planned to consist of the countries of Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Non-Aligned Movement. The first conference was scheduled to be held in 1966, and the building was scheduled for completion before August 17, 1966 � ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
