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Trigonotarbids
The order Trigonotarbida is a group of extinct arachnids whose fossil record extends from the late Silurian to the early Permian ( Pridoli to Sakmarian).Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2020A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives In World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch , version 20.5 These animals are known from several localities in Europe and North America, as well as a single record from Argentina. Trigonotarbids can be envisaged as spider-like arachnids, but without silk-producing spinnerets. They ranged in size from a few millimetres to a few centimetres in body length and had segmented abdomens (opisthosoma), with the dorsal exoskeleton ( tergites) across the backs of the animals' abdomens, which were characteristically divided into three or five separate plates. Probably living as predators on other arthropods, some later trigonotarbid species were quite heavily armoured and protected themselves with spines and tube ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palaeocharinus
''Palaeocharinus'' is a genus of extinct trigonotarbid arachnids known from the Devonian of western Europe. The genus was first found and described in the Rhynie chert in the 1920s by Arthur Stanley Hirst and S. Maulik. The family to which the genus belongs may be paraphyletic. Species * ''Palaeocharinus calmani'' (Hirst, 1923) – Early Devonian The Early Devonian is the first of three Epoch (geology), epochs comprising the Devonian period, corresponding to the Lower Devonian Series (stratigraphy), series. It lasted from and began with the Lochkovian Stage , which was followed by the Pr ..., Scotland * ''Palaeocharinus hornei'' (Hirst, 1923) – Early Devonian, Scotland * ''Palaeocharinus kidstoni'' (Hirst, 1923) – Early Devonian, Scotland * ''Palaeocharinus rhyniensis'' (Hirst, 1923) – Early Devonian, Scotland * ''Palaeocharinus scourfieldi'' (Hirst, 1923) – Early Devonian, Scotland * ''Palaeocharinus tuberculatus'' (Fayers, Dunlop & Trewin, 2005) – Early Devonia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eophrynus
''Eophrynus'' is an extinct genus of arachnids from the extinct order Trigonotarbida, which lived during the Late Carboniferous period in Europe. The genus was first described in 1871 by Henry Woodward (geologist). The name comes from ''Eo'', meaning 'dawn', and '' Phrynus'', an extant genus of whip spider (order Amblypygi). Two species have been recognised: * '' Eophrynus prestvicii'' in England * '' Eophrynus udus'' in Germany Species of ''Eophrynus'', as with other tribonotarbids, were similar to modern spiders but could not produce silk and the back-half of their body was made up of small plates. The English species, ''E. prestvici'', is known from a handful of good quality fossils preserved inside siderite concretions. Recent X-ray An X-ray (also known in many languages as Röntgen radiation) is a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than those of ultraviolet rays and longer than those of gamma rays. Roughly, X-rays have a wavelengt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maiocercus
''Maiocercus celticus'' is a species of early trigonotarbid arachnid from the Upper Carboniferous of Westhoughton, Lancashire, UK. The species was first described in 1902, with a "new species" being described in 1911 (''M. orbicularis'') which has been proven as being a junior synonym of ''M. celticus''. ''M. celticus'' is the type species of the genus ''Maiocercus''. Originally zoologist Reginald Innes Pocock compared ''M. celticus'' to Brachypyge, with later evidence showing that ''Brachypyge'' had "opisthosoma which were much longer than wide; with the pleural laminæ of the second and third pleura-bearing terga being inclined slightly backwards" (''Brachypyge'') with ''Maiocercus'' having the "opisthosoma much wider than long; the pleural laminæ of the first, second, third, and fourth sterna being inclined slightly forwards". The original drawing which showed ''Maiocercus'' described a pitting on the underside of the slightly forwarded laminæ, with a non-uniform concavi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eophrynidae
Eophrynidae is a family of the extinct arachnid order Trigonotarbida. Eophrynids lived during the Carboniferous The Carboniferous ( ) is a Geologic time scale, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), system of the Paleozoic era (geology), era that spans 60 million years, from the end of the Devonian Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the ... period in what is now modern Europe and North America. The family is probably found within the "eophrynid assemblage" clade: (''Aphantomartus'' (''Alkenia'' (''Pseudokreischeria'' (''Kreischeria'' (''Eophrynus'' + ''Pleophrynus''))))). Genera *'' Areomartus'' Petrunkevitch, 1913 *'' Eophrynus'' Woodward, 1871 *'' Nyranytarbus'' Harvey & Selden, 1995 *'' Petrovicia'' Frič, 1904 *'' Planomartus'' Petrunkevitch, 1953 *'' Pleophrynus'' Petrunkevitch, 1945 *'' Pocononia'' Petrunkevitch, 1953 *'' Somaspidion'' Jux, 1982 *'' Stenotrogulus'' Frič, 1904 *'' Vratislavia'' Frič, 1904 References Trigonotarbid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthracomartidae
Anthracomartidae, first described by Haase, 1890, is a family of the extinct arachnid order Trigonotarbida. It is likely to be most closely related to the Archaeomartidae, based on a 2014 cladistic analysis, within the clade (Palaeocharinus (Archaeomartidae + Anthracomartidae)). Many specimens come from siderite nodules of late Carboniferous The Carboniferous ( ) is a Geologic time scale, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), system of the Paleozoic era (geology), era that spans 60 million years, from the end of the Devonian Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the ... age in Europe and North America. Genera Anthracomartidae contains the genera : *'' Anthracomartus'' Karsch, 1882 *'' Brachypyge'' Woodward, 1878 *'' Maiocercus'' Pocock, 1911 * The genus also was previously considered to contain other genera before they were later synonymized with Anthracomartus and various species within. These include: * '' Brachylycosa'' Frič, 1904 * '' Cleptomartus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Silurian
The Silurian ( ) is a geologic period and system spanning 23.5 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period, at million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, Mya. The Silurian is the third and shortest period of the Paleozoic Era, and the third of twelve periods of the Phanerozoic Eon. As with other geologic periods, the rock beds that define the period's start and end are well identified, but the exact dates are uncertain by a few million years. The base of the Silurian is set at a series of major Ordovician–Silurian extinction events when up to 60% of marine genera were wiped out. One important event in this period was the initial establishment of terrestrial life in what is known as the Silurian-Devonian Terrestrial Revolution: vascular plants emerged from more primitive land plants, dikaryan fungi started expanding and diversifying along with glomeromycotan fungi, and three groups of arthropods (myriapods, arachnids and hexapods) became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argentina
Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourth-largest country in the Americas, and the List of countries and dependencies by area, eighth-largest country in the world. Argentina shares the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, and is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. Argentina is a Federation, federal state subdivided into twenty-three Provinces of Argentina, provinces, and one autonomous city, which is the federal capital and List of cities in Argentina by population, largest city of the nation, Buenos Aires. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a Federalism, federal system. Argentina claims sovereignty ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sakmarian
In the geologic timescale, the Sakmarian is an age or stage of the Permian period. It is a subdivision of the Cisuralian Epoch or Series. The Sakmarian lasted between 293.52 and million years ago (Ma). It was preceded by the Asselian and followed by the Artinskian.; 2004: ''A Geologic Time Scale 2004'', Cambridge University Press Stratigraphy The Sakmarian Stage is named after the Sakmara River in the Ural Mountains, a tributary to the Ural River. The stage was introduced into scientific literature by Alexander Karpinsky in 1874. In Russian stratigraphy, it originally formed a substage of the Artinskian Stage. Currently, the ICS (International Commission on Stratigraphy) uses it as an independent stage in its international geologic timescale. The base of the Sakmarian Stage is defined by the first appearance of conodont species '' Streptognathodus postfusus'' in the fossil record. A global reference profile for the stage's base (a GSSP A Global Boundary Stratotype ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Europe shares the landmass of Eurasia with Asia, and of Afro-Eurasia with both Africa and Asia. Europe is commonly considered to be Boundaries between the continents#Asia and Europe, separated from Asia by the Drainage divide, watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural (river), Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the Black Sea, and the waterway of the Bosporus, Bosporus Strait. "Europe" (pp. 68–69); "Asia" (pp. 90–91): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and Europe ... is formed by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and Dardanelles." Europe covers approx. , or 2% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface (6.8% of Earth's land area), making it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea, and to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. The region includes Middle America (Americas), Middle America (comprising the Caribbean, Central America, and Mexico) and Northern America. North America covers an area of about , representing approximately 16.5% of Earth's land area and 4.8% of its total surface area. It is the third-largest continent by size after Asia and Africa, and the list of continents and continental subregions by population, fourth-largest continent by population after Asia, Africa, and Europe. , North America's population was estimated as over 592 million people in list of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America, 23 independent states, or about 7.5% of the world's popula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opisthosoma
The opisthosoma is the posterior part of the body in some arthropods, behind the prosoma ( cephalothorax). It is a distinctive feature of the subphylum Chelicerata (arachnids, horseshoe crabs and others). Although it is similar in most respects to an abdomen (and is often referred to as such), the opisthosoma is differentiated by its inclusion of the respiratory organs ( book lungs or book gills) and the heart. Segments The number of segments and appendages on the opisthosoma vary. Scorpions have 13, but the first is only seen during its embryological development. Other arachnids have fewer; harvestmen, for instance, have only ten. In general, appendages are absent or reduced, although in horseshoe crabs they persist as large plate-like limbs, called opercula or branchiophores, bearing the book gills, and that function in locomotion and gas exchange. In most chelicerates the opisthosomal limbs are greatly reduced and persist only as specialized structures, such as the silk- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spider
Spiders (order (biology), order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight limbs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude spider silk, silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species diversity among all Order (biology), orders of organisms. Spiders are found worldwide on every continent except Antarctica, and have become established in nearly every land habitat. , 53,034 spider species in 136 Family (biology), families have been recorded by Taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. However, there has been debate among scientists about how families should be classified, with over 20 different classifications proposed since 1900. Anatomy, Anatomically, spiders (as with all arachnids) differ from other arthropods in that the usual body segmentation (biology), segments are fused into two Tagma (biology), tagmata, the cephalothorax or prosoma, and the opisthosoma, or abdomen, and joined by a small, cylindr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
