|
Tremella Mesenterica
''Tremella mesenterica'' (common names include yellow brain, golden jelly fungus, yellow trembler, and witches' butter) is a common jelly fungus in the family Tremellaceae of the Agaricomycotina. The gelatinous, orange-yellow fruit body of the fungus, which can grow up to diameter, has a convoluted or lobed surface that is greasy or slimy when damp. It is most frequently found on both dead but attached and recently fallen branches, especially of angiosperms, as a parasite of wood decay fungi in the genus '' Peniophora''. It also grows in crevices in bark, appearing during rainy weather. Within a few days after rain it dries into a thin film or shriveled mass capable of reviving after subsequent rain. This fungus occurs widely in deciduous and mixed forests and is widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions, including those of Africa, Australia, Eurasia, and the Americas. Although considered bland and flavorless, the fungus is edible. It produces carbohydrates that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peniophora
''Peniophora'' is a genus of fungus, fungi which are plant pathogens. Members of the genus belong to the class Agaricomycetes, order Russulales, and family Peniophoraceae. The genus is widespread, and contains 62 species. The species of ''Peniophora'' are resupination, resupinate, or crust-like, and are described as corticioid. A number of its members are parasite, parasitised by other fungi. For example, ''Tremella mesenterica'' is a parasite to several species of ''Peniophora''. Taxonomy and classification The genus was first described by Mordecai Cubitt Cooke in 1879. The type species is ''Peniophora quercina'', initially named ''Thelephora quercina'' by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1801 before being transferred to ''Peniophora'' by Cooke in 1879. However, this species was also chosen as the type species for the genus ''Corticium (fungus), Corticium'' as defined by Persoon in 1794. Until 1981 the starting point for the binomial nomenclature, nomenclature of the corticioid fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biological Activity
In pharmacology, biological activity or pharmacological activity describes the beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter. When a drug is a complex chemical mixture, this activity is exerted by the substance's active ingredient or pharmacophore but can be modified by the other constituents. Among the various properties of chemical compounds, pharmacological/biological activity plays a crucial role since it suggests uses of the compounds in the medical applications. However, chemical compounds may show some adverse and toxic effects which may prevent their use in medical practice. Biological activity is usually measured by a bioassay and the activity is generally dosage-dependent, which is investigated via dose-response curves. Further, it is common to have effects ranging from beneficial to adverse for one substance when going from low to high doses. Activity depends critically on fulfillment of the ADME criteria. To be an effective drug, a compound not only ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tremella Brasiliensis
''Tremella brasiliensis'' is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces yellow, lobed to firmly foliaceous, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) and is parasitic on other fungi on dead branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from Brazil. Taxonomy ''Tremella brasiliensis'' was first published in 1895 by German mycologist Alfred Möller as a variety of the superficially similar European species ''Tremella lutescens'' (now regarded as a synonym of ''Tremella mesenterica''). It was raised to species level by American mycologist Curtis Gates Lloyd in 1922. Description Fruit bodies are gelatinous, whitish to yellow to bright orange-yellow, up to 3 cm (1.5 in) across, and lobed to frondose. Microscopically, the basidia are tremelloid (ellipsoid, with oblique to vertical septa), 4-celled, 25 to 45 by 12 to 30 μm. The basidiospores are globose, smooth, 14 to 20 μm across. Similar species ''Tremella mesenterica'', described from E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tremella Taiwanensis
''Tremella'' is a genus of fungi in the family Tremellaceae. All ''Tremella'' species are parasites of other fungi and most produce anamorphic yeast states. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies), when produced, are gelatinous and are colloquially classed among the "jelly fungi". Over 100 species of ''Tremella'' (in its wide sense) are currently recognized worldwide. One species, ''Tremella fuciformis'', is commercially cultivated for food. Taxonomy History ''Tremella'' was one of the original genera created by Linnaeus in his ''Species Plantarum'' of 1753. The name comes from the Latin ''tremere'' meaning "to tremble". Linnaeus placed ''Tremella'' in the algae, including within it a variety of gelatinous growths, including seaweeds, cyanobacteria, and myxomycetes, as well as fungi. Subsequent authors added additional species to this mix, until Persoon revised ''Tremella'' in 1794 and 1801, repositioning the genus within the fungi. Persoon's reinterpretation of ''Tremella'' was sufficie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tremella Flava
''Tremella iduensis'' is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces yellow, cornute-frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) and is parasitic on other fungi, probably species of '' Hypoxylon'' on dead attached and recently fallen branches of broad-leaved trees. It has been recorded from Japan and China. ''Tremella flava'', described from Taiwan, may be a synonym. Taxonomy ''Tremella iduensis'' was first published in 1939 by Japanese mycologist Yosio Kobayasi. Description Fruit bodies are gelatinous, bright yellow, up to 2.5 cm (1 in) across, and branched, with cornute (horn-like) fronds. Microscopically, the basidia are tremelloid (ellipsoid, with oblique to vertical septa), 4-celled, 17 to 18 by 12 to 13 μm. The basidiospores are ovoid to ellipsoid, smooth, 8.5 to 9.5 by 7.5 to 8.5 μm. Similar species ''Tremella flava'' was described from Taiwan as "resembling ''T. iduensis''" but differing in the size of its basidiospores (7 to 9 by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tremella Cinnabarina
''Tremella samoensis'' is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces red to orange-yellow, lobed to firmly foliaceous, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) and is parasitic on other fungi on dead branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from Samoa and the Philippines, but is widely distributed in the region. Taxonomy ''Tremella samoensis'' was first published in 1919 by American mycologist Curtis Gates Lloyd, based on a collection he made in Samoa together with material he received from the Philippines. Reviewing the species, Robert Bandoni considered it synonymous with the earlier ''Naematelia cinnabarina'' Mont., described from Tahiti in 1848. The combination in ''Tremella'', as ''T. cinnabarina'' (Mont.) Pat., is however illegitimate since the name had already been used for a different species. Description Fruit bodies are firm, gelatinous, partly bright red, partly orange to yellow, up to 5 cm (2 in) across, and lobed to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tremella Fuciformis
''Tremella fuciformis'' is a species of fungus; it produces white, frond-like, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruiting bodies). It is widespread, especially in the tropics, where it can be found on the dead branches of broadleaf trees. This fungus is commercially cultivated and is one of the most popular fungi in the cuisine and medicine of China. ''T. fuciformis'' is commonly known as snow fungus, snow ear, silver ear fungus, white jelly mushroom, and white cloud ears. ''T. fuciformis'' is a parasitic yeast, and grows as a slimy, mucus-like film until it encounters its preferred hosts, various species of '' Annulohypoxylon'' (or possibly '' Hypoxylon'') fungi, whereupon it then invades, triggering the aggressive mycelial growth required to form the fruiting bodies. Description Fruit bodies are gelatinous, watery white, up to across (larger in cultivated specimens), and composed of thin but erect, seaweed-like, branching fronds, often crisped at the edges. Microscopically, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tremella Globispora
''Tremella globispora'' is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces hyaline, pustular, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) and is parasitic on pyrenomycetous fungi (''Diaporthe'' species) on dead herbaceous stems and wood. It was originally described from England. Taxonomy The species was formerly referred to ''Tremella tubercularia'', a nomen novum proposed by Miles Joseph Berkeley when transferring his earlier ''Tubercularia albida'' to the genus ''Tremella'' (to avoid creating a homonym of ''Tremella albida'' Huds.). In 1970, examination of Berkeley's original collections by English mycologist Derek Reid showed, however, that ''Tremella tubercularia'' is a gelatinous ascomycete, now known as '' Ascocoryne albida''. Reid therefore described ''Tremella globispora'' (as "T. globospora") to accommodate the genuine ''Tremella'' species that had previously and mistakenly been referred to ''T. tubercularia''. The type collection from Sussex was on perithec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blockula
Blockula (Blåkulla in modern Swedish, translated to "Blue Hill") was a legendary island where the Devil held his Earthly court during a witches' Sabbath. It was described as containing a massive meadow with no visible end, and a large house where the Devil would stay. Referencing Blockula nights, witches described the Devil as appearing, ''"in a gray Coat, and red and blue Stockings: He had a red Beard, a high-crown’d Hat, with Linnen of divers Colours, wrapt about it, and long Garters upon his Stockings."'' Blockula plays a major part in the witch-hunts described in Joseph Glanvill's 1682 work '' Sadducismus Triumphatus'', which detailed the Mora witch trials in an Appendix entitled: ''"True Account of What Happen’d in the Kingdom of Sweden In the Years 1669, 1670, and upwards: In Relation to some Persons that were accused for Witches; and and Executed By the King’s Command."'' Blockula is originally the same place as the island Blå Jungfrun, which was in old days cal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troll Cat
A troll cat is the familiar of a witch in Scandinavian folklore. Troll cats sucked milk from cows and spat it out in the witches' milk pails, and went into homes to lick up cream. Aside from cats, similar creatures include the milk rabbit, milk hare, and ball-shaped troll ball. Description Witches reportedly were able to create them from "human hair, nails, wood shavings, and the like",Kvideland and Sehmsdorf 176. and they were said to suck milk from cows and steal cream from households. Troll cats would then spit out the stolen milk into troughs next to the house.Lecouteux, ch. 5 The Norwegian names ''trollnøste'' and ''trollnøa'' indicate their shapes: those troll cats looked like balls of yarn.Alver 120. Another kind of troll cat had the appearance of a ordinary cat; but, unlike the ball-shaped troll cat, harming the cat-shaped troll cat would result in the same harm to the witch. In addition, it was thought that shooting a troll cat would cause milk to spray from its wound. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fuligo Septica
''Fuligo septica'' is a species of slime mold in the class Myxogastria, Myxomycetes. It is common name, commonly known as scrambled egg slime or flowers of tan because of its peculiar yellowish appearance; it is also known as dog vomit slime mold. This slime mold is relatively common with a worldwide distribution, often being found on bark, mulch, lawns, as well as other rotting organic matter in urban areas after heavy rain or excessive watering. Their spores are produced on or in aerial sporangia and are spread by wind. History and taxonomy The first description of the species was provided by French botanist Jean Marchant in 1727, who referred to it as "''fleur de tan''" (bark flower); Marchant also classified it as "''des éponges''" (one of the sponges). Carl Linnaeus called it ''Mucor septicus'' in his 1763 ''Species Plantarum''. The species was transferred to the genus ''Fuligo'' by German botanist Friedrich Heinrich Wiggers in 1780. Description and habitat Like many slime ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exidia Glandulosa
''Exidia glandulosa'' is a species of fungus in the family Auriculariaceae. In the UK, it has the recommended English name of witch's butter. In North America it has variously been called black witches' butter, black jelly roll, or warty jelly fungus. The gelatinous basidiocarp (fruit bodies) are up to wide, shiny, black and blister-like, and grow singly or in clusters. It is a common wood-rotting species in Europe, typically growing on dead attached branches of oak. Taxonomy The species was originally described from France as ''Tremella glandulosa'' by Bulliard in 1789. It was subsequently placed in '' Exidia'' by Fries in 1822. Fries, however, modified Bulliard's species concept to include a second, effused, coalescing species—the name ''Exidia glandulosa'' serving for both. This combined concept was used until Neuhoff separated the two species in 1936. Unfortunately, Neuhoff gave the name ''Exidia glandulosa'' to the effused species, adopting the name ''Exidia truncata' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
